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Debian version history

Topic: Software

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 27 min
Short description: Releases of Debian GNU/Linux, a computer operating system
A screenshot of Debian 10 (Buster) with the GNOME desktop environment

Debian releases do not follow a fixed schedule. Recent releases have been made around every two years by the Debian Project. The most recent version of Debian is Debian version 12, codename "Bookworm".[1] The next up and coming release of Debian is Debian 13, codename "Trixie".[2]

Debian always has at least three active branches at any time: "stable", "testing" and "unstable".[3] The stable branch is considered the primary release and what most people refer to when talking about Debian. The testing branch contains packages that have been imported from unstable. Testing has significantly more up-to-date packages than stable and is frozen some time before a release to become the next version of Debian. The unstable release (also known as Sid) is the branch where active development takes place. It is the most volatile version of Debian.

When the Debian stable branch is replaced with a newer release, the current stable becomes an "oldstable" release. When the Debian stable branch is replaced again, the oldstable release becomes the "oldoldstable" release. Oldoldstable is eventually moved to the archived releases repository.[4]

Naming convention

Debian distribution codenames are based on the names of characters from the Toy Story films. Debian's unstable trunk is named after Sid, a character who regularly destroyed his toys.[5]

Release cycle

Debian Unstable, known as "Sid", contains all the latest packages as soon as they are available, and follows a rolling-release model.[6]

Once a package has been in Debian Unstable for 2-10 days (depending on the urgency of the upload), doesn't introduce critical bugs and doesn't break other packages (among other conditions), it is included in Debian Testing, also known as "next-stable".[7]

In average about every two years, Debian Testing enters a "freeze" cycle, where new packages are held back unless they fix critical bugs.[8][9] This frozen state lasts in average 7 months (but can be as short as one month).[8] Once Debian Testing doesn't contain any more release critical bugs, it is declared "stable" and released with a version number.[9]

Release table

Ver. Code­name Release date Final/latest release (date) No. of Archs.[lower-roman 1] Package count Linux
kernel 		End of support References
Binary Source Security Long-term Freexian ELTS[lower-roman 2]
0.90 ​ 26 January 1994 1 ? ? ? N/A None None [12][13]
0.91 ​ 29 January 1994 ? ? 0.99.14t N/A [12]
0.93R5 ​ March 1995 ? ? ? N/A [12]
0.93R6 ​ November 1995 256 ? 1.2.13 N/A [12][14]
1.0 ​ Never released N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A [12][15]
1.1 Buzz 17 June 1996 474 ? 2.0 N/A [12][16]
1.2 Rex 12 December 1996 848 ? 2.0.27 N/A [12][17]
1.3 Bo 5 June 1997 974 ? 2.0.33 N/A [12][18]
2.0 Hamm 24 July 1998 2 ≈1,500 ? 2.0.34 N/A [12][19]
2.1 Slink 9 March 1999 4 ≈2,250 ? 2.0.34, 2.0.35,
2.0.36, 2.0.38 		30 October 2000 [12][20][21]
2.2 Potato 14 August 200014–15 August 2000 6 ≈3,900 ≈2,600 2.0.38, 2.2.19 30 June 2003 [12][22][23]
3.0 Woody 19 July 2002 11 ≈8,500 ? 2.2.20, 2.4.18 30 June 2006 [12][24][25][26]
3.1 Sarge 6 June 2005 ≈15,400 ? 2.4.27, 2.6.8 31 March 2008 [12][27][28]
4.0 Etch 8 April 2007 4.0r9
(22 May 2010) 		≈18,000 ? 2.6.18, 2.6.24 15 February 2010 [12][29][30]
5.0 Lenny 14 February 2009 5.0.10
(10 Mar 2012) 		12 ≈23,000 ≈12,000 2.6.26 6 February 2012 [12][31][32]
6.0 Squeeze 6 February 2011 6.0.10
(19 Jul 2014) 		11 ≈29,000 ≈15,000 2.6.32 31 May 2014 29 February 2016 [12][33][34][35][36]
7 Wheezy 4 May 2013 7.11
(4 Jun 2016) 		13 ≈36,000 ≈17,500 3.2 25 April 2016 31 May 2018 30 June 2020 [12][37][38][39][35][10][40]
8 Jessie 25 April 201525–26 April 2015 8.11
(23 Jun 2018) 		10 ≈43,000 ≈20,000 3.16 17 June 2018 30 June 2020 30 June 2025 [12][41][42][35][43][10]
9 Stretch 17 June 2017 9.13
(18 Jul 2020) 		≈51,000 ≈25,000 4.9 18 July 2020 30 June 2022 30 June 2027 [12][44][45][46][35][10]
10 Buster 6 July 2019 10.13
(10 Sep 2022) 		≈59,000 ≈29,000 4.19 10 September 2022 30 June 2024 30 June 2029 [47][48][49]
11 Bullseye 14 August 2021 11.8
(7 Oct 2023) 		9 59,551 31,387 5.10 July 2024 June 2026 N/A [1][50][51][52][53][49]
12 Bookworm 10 June 2023 12.4
(10 Dec 2023) 		64,419 34,780 6.1 June 2026 June 2028 N/A [54][55][56][57]
13 Trixie TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA N/A [58]
14 Forky TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA N/A [59]
unstable Sid Rolling release 22[lower-roman 3] >67,000[lower-roman 4] >32,000[lower-roman 4] 6.6.13-1 N/A N/A N/A [49]

{{{2}}}

  1. ↑ The number of hardware architectures supported
  2. ↑ Extended long-term support (ELTS) provided by Freexian[10] but made available to all Debian users, as noted on official Debian pages. There is no kernel support, and only sponsored packages are supported.[11]
  3. ↑ Only 9 are candidates for stable releases.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 As of 07/05/2022

When a release transitions to long-term support phase (LTS-phase), security is no longer handled by the main Debian security team.[60] Only a subset of Debian architectures are eligible for Long Term Support, and there is no support for packages in backports.[61]

Release history

Debian 1.0 was never released, as a vendor accidentally shipped a development release with that version number.[62] The package management system dpkg and its front-end dselect were developed and implemented on Debian in a previous release. A transition from the a.out binary format to the ELF binary format had already begun before the planned 1.0 release. The only supported architecture was Intel 80386 (i386).[12]

Debian 1.1 (Buzz)

Debian 1.1 (Buzz), released 17 June 1996, contained 474 packages. Debian had fully transitioned to the ELF binary format and used Linux kernel 2.0.[63]

Debian 1.2 (Rex)

Debian 1.2 (Rex), released 12 December 1996, contained 848 packages maintained by 120 developers.[64]

Debian 1.3 (Bo)

Debian 1.3 (Bo), released 5 June 1997, contained 974 packages maintained by 200 developers.[65]

Point releases:

Debian 2.0 (Hamm)

Debian 2.0 (Hamm), released 24 July 1998, contained over 1,500 packages maintained by over 400 developers. A transition was made to libc6 and Debian was ported to the Motorola 68000 series (m68k) architectures.[68]

Point releases:

  • 2.0r1 (24 July 1998; 25 years ago (1998-07-24))[69]

Debian 2.1 (Slink)

Debian 2.1 (Slink), released 9 March 1999,[70] contained about 2,250 packages. The front-end APT was introduced for the package management system and Debian was ported to Alpha and SPARC.[71][20]

Point releases:

  • 2.1r1 (Possibly never released)[72]
  • 2.1r2 (27 June 1999; 25 years ago (1999-06-27))[73]
  • 2.1r3 (4 September 1999; 24 years ago (1999-09-04))[74]
  • 2.1r4 (15 December 1999; 24 years ago (1999-12-15))[75]
  • 2.1r5 (16 February 2000; 24 years ago (2000-02-16))[76]

Debian 2.2 (Potato)

Debian 2.2 (Potato), released 14–15 August 2000, contained 2,600 packages maintained by more than 450 developers. New packages included the display manager GDM, the directory service OpenLDAP, the security software OpenSSH and the mail transfer agent Postfix. Debian was ported to the PowerPC and ARM architectures.[77][22][23]

Point releases:

  • 2.2r1 (14 November 2000; 23 years ago (2000-11-14))[78]
  • 2.2r2 (5 December 2000; 23 years ago (2000-12-05))[79]
  • 2.2r3 (17 April 2001; 23 years ago (2001-04-17))[80]
  • 2.2r4 (5 November 2001; 22 years ago (2001-11-05))[81]
  • 2.2r5 (10 January 2002; 22 years ago (2002-01-10))[82]
  • 2.2r6 (3 April 2002; 22 years ago (2002-04-03))[83]
  • 2.2r7 (13 July 2002; 21 years ago (2002-07-13))[84]

Debian 3.0 (Woody)

Debian 3.0 (Woody), released 19 July 2002, contained around 8,500 packages maintained by more than 900 developers. KDE was introduced and Debian was ported to the following architectures: IA-64, PA-RISC (hppa), mips and mipsel and IBM ESA/390 (s390).[85][24][25]

Point releases:

  • 3.0r1 (16 December 2002; 21 years ago (2002-12-16))[86]
  • 3.0r2 (21 November 2003; 20 years ago (2003-11-21))[87]
  • 3.0r3 (26 October 2004; 19 years ago (2004-10-26))[88]
  • 3.0r4 (1 January 2005; 19 years ago (2005-01-01))[89]
  • 3.0r5 (16 April 2005; 19 years ago (2005-04-16))[90]
  • 3.0r6 (2 June 2005; 19 years ago (2005-06-02))[91]

Debian 3.1 (Sarge)

Debian 3.1 (Sarge), released 6 June 2005, contained around 15,400 packages. debian-installer and OpenOffice.org were introduced.[92][27]

Point releases:

  • 3.1r1 (20 December 2005; 18 years ago (2005-12-20))[93][94]
  • 3.1r2 (19 April 2006; 18 years ago (2006-04-19))[95][96]
  • 3.1r3 (1 September 2006; 17 years ago (2006-09-01))[97][98]
  • 3.1r4 (6 November 2006; 17 years ago (2006-11-06))[99][100]
  • 3.1r5 (18 February 2007; 17 years ago (2007-02-18))[101][102]
  • 3.1r6 (7 April 2007; 17 years ago (2007-04-07))[103][104]
  • 3.1r7 (28 December 2007; 16 years ago (2007-12-28))[105][106]
  • 3.1r8 (13 April 2008; 16 years ago (2008-04-13)) this is the final update for codename Sarge.[107][108]

Debian 4.0 (Etch)

Debian 4.0 (Etch)

Debian 4.0 (Etch), released 8 April 2007, contained around 18,000 packages maintained by more than 1,030 developers. Debian was ported to x86-64 (amd64) and support for the Motorola 68000 series (m68k) architecture was dropped.[109][29] This version introduced utf-8 and udev device management by default.

Point releases:

  • 4.0r1 (17 August 2007; 16 years ago (2007-08-17))[110][111]
  • 4.0r2 (27 December 2007; 16 years ago (2007-12-27))[112][113]
  • 4.0r3 (17 February 2008; 16 years ago (2008-02-17))[114][115]
  • 4.0r4 (26 July 2008; 15 years ago (2008-07-26))[116][117]
  • 4.0r5 (23 October 2008; 15 years ago (2008-10-23))[118][119]
  • 4.0r6 (18 December 2008; 15 years ago (2008-12-18))[120][121]
  • 4.0r7 (10 February 2009; 15 years ago (2009-02-10))[122][123]
  • 4.0r8 (8 April 2009; 15 years ago (2009-04-08))[124][125]
  • 4.0r9 (22 May 2010; 14 years ago (2010-05-22)) this is the final update for codename Etch[126][127]

Debian 5.0 (Lenny)

Debian 5.0 (Lenny)

Debian 5.0 (Lenny), released 14 February 2009, contained more than 23,000 packages. Debian was ported to the ARM EABI (armel) architecture.[128][31][32]

Point releases:

  • 5.0.1 (11 April 2009; 15 years ago (2009-04-11))[129][130]
  • 5.0.2 (27 June 2009; 15 years ago (2009-06-27))[131][132]
  • 5.0.3 (5 September 2009; 14 years ago (2009-09-05))[133][134]
  • 5.0.4 (30 January 2010; 14 years ago (2010-01-30))[135][136]
  • 5.0.5 (26 July 2010; 13 years ago (2010-07-26))[137][138]
  • 5.0.6 (4 September 2010; 13 years ago (2010-09-04))[139][140]
  • 5.0.7 (27 November 2010; 13 years ago (2010-11-27))[141]
  • 5.0.8 (22 January 2011; 13 years ago (2011-01-22))[142]
  • 5.0.9 (22 January 2011; 13 years ago (2011-01-22))[143]
  • 5.0.10 (10 March 2012; 12 years ago (2012-03-10)) this is the final update for codename Lenny.[144]

Debian 6.0 (Squeeze)

Debian 6.0 (Squeeze) in Spanish

Debian 6.0 (Squeeze), released 6 February 2011, contained more than 29,000 packages. The default Linux kernel included was deblobbed beginning with this release. The web browser Chromium was introduced and Debian was ported to the kfreebsd-i386 and kfreebsd-amd64 architectures (while that port was later discontinued), and support for the Intel 486, Alpha, and PA-RISC (hppa) architectures was dropped.[145][146][33][34]

Squeeze was the first release of Debian in which non-free firmware components (aka "binary blobs") were excluded from the "main" repository as a matter of policy.[147][148][149][150]

Point releases:

  • 6.0.1 (19 March 2011; 13 years ago (2011-03-19))[151]
  • 6.0.2 (25 June 2011; 13 years ago (2011-06-25))[152]
  • 6.0.3 (8 October 2011; 12 years ago (2011-10-08))[153]
  • 6.0.4 (28 January 2012; 12 years ago (2012-01-28))[154]
  • 6.0.5 (12 May 2012; 12 years ago (2012-05-12))[155]
  • 6.0.6 (29 September 2012; 11 years ago (2012-09-29))[156]
  • 6.0.7 (23 February 2013; 11 years ago (2013-02-23))[157]
  • 6.0.8 (20 October 2013; 10 years ago (2013-10-20))[158]
  • 6.0.9 (15 February 2014; 10 years ago (2014-02-15))[159]
  • 6.0.10 (19 June 2014; 10 years ago (2014-06-19)) this is the final update for codename Squeeze.[160]
  • Squeeze long term support reaches end-of-life (29 February 2016; 8 years ago (2016-02-29))[161]

Debian 7 (Wheezy)

MATE on Debian 7 (Wheezy)

Debian 7 (Wheezy), released 4 May 2013, contained more than 36,000 packages. Support for UEFI was added and Debian was ported to the armhf and IBM z/Architecture (s390x) architectures.[162][37][38][163]

Point releases:

  • 7.1 (15 June 2013; 11 years ago (2013-06-15))[164]
  • 7.2 (12 October 2013; 10 years ago (2013-10-12))[165]
  • 7.3 (14 December 2013; 10 years ago (2013-12-14))[166]
  • 7.4 (8 February 2014; 10 years ago (2014-02-08))[167]
  • 7.5 (26 April 2014; 10 years ago (2014-04-26))[168]
  • 7.6 (12 July 2014; 10 years ago (2014-07-12))[169]
  • 7.7 (18 October 2014; 9 years ago (2014-10-18))[170]
  • 7.8 (10 January 2015; 9 years ago (2015-01-10))[171]
  • Debian 8.0 codename Jessie releases, Wheezy becomes oldstable (25 April 2015; 9 years ago (2015-04-25))
  • 7.9 (5 September 2015; 8 years ago (2015-09-05))[172]
  • 7.10 (2 April 2016; 8 years ago (2016-04-02))[173]
  • 7.11 (4 June 2016; 8 years ago (2016-06-04)) this is the final update for codename Wheezy.[174]
  • Debian 9.0 codename Stretch releases, Wheezy becomes oldoldstable (17 June 2017; 7 years ago (2017-06-17))
  • Wheezy long term support reached end-of-life (1 June 2018; 6 years ago (2018-06-01))[175]
  • Wheezy extended long term support reached end-of-life (30 June 2020; 4 years ago (2020-06-30)).[176]

Debian 8 (Jessie)

Debian 8 (Jessie)

Debian 8 (Jessie), released 25 April 2015, contained more than 43,000 packages, with systemd installed by default instead of init. (sysvinit and upstart packages are provided as alternatives.) Debian was ported to the ARM64 and ppc64le architectures, while support for the IA-64, kfreebsd-amd64 and kfreebsd-i386, IBM ESA/390 (s390) (only the 31-bit variant; the newer 64-bit s390x was retained) and SPARC architectures were dropped.[177][178][42]

Long term support ended June 2020.[179]

Point releases:

  • 8.1 (6 June 2015; 9 years ago (2015-06-06))[180]
  • 8.2 (5 September 2015; 8 years ago (2015-09-05))[181]
  • 8.3 (23 January 2016; 8 years ago (2016-01-23))[182]
  • 8.4 (2 April 2016; 8 years ago (2016-04-02))[183]
  • 8.5 (4 June 2016; 8 years ago (2016-06-04))[184]
  • 8.6 (17 September 2016; 7 years ago (2016-09-17))[185]
  • 8.7 (14 January 2017; 7 years ago (2017-01-14))[186]
  • 8.8 (6 May 2017; 7 years ago (2017-05-06))[187]
  • Debian 9.0 codename Stretch releases, Jessie becomes oldstable (17 June 2017; 7 years ago (2017-06-17))
  • 8.9 (22 July 2017; 6 years ago (2017-07-22))[188]
  • 8.10 (9 December 2017; 6 years ago (2017-12-09))[189]
  • Regular security support updates have been discontinued (17 June 2018; 6 years ago (2018-06-17))[179]
  • 8.11 (23 June 2018; 6 years ago (2018-06-23)) this is the final update for codename Jessie.[190]
  • Debian 10.0 codename Buster releases, Jessie becomes oldoldstable (6 July 2019; 5 years ago (2019-07-06))
  • Jessie long term support reaches end-of-life (30 June 2020; 4 years ago (2020-06-30))[175]
  • Jessie extended long term support reaches end-of-life (30 June 2025; 11 months' time (2025-06-30))[176]

Debian 9 (Stretch)

Debian 9 (Stretch) with GNOME

Debian 9 (Stretch) was released on 17 June 2017, two years and two months after Debian 8.0, and contained more than 51,000 packages.[44] The final minor update, called a "point release", is version 9.13,[191] released on 18 July 2020; 3 years ago (2020-07-18). Major upgrades include the Linux kernel going from version 3.16 to 4.9, GNOME desktop version going from 3.14 to 3.22, KDE Plasma 4 was upgraded to Plasma 5, LibreOffice 4.3 upgraded to 5.2 and Qt upgraded from 4.8 to 5.7. LXQt has been added as well.

The Intel i586 (Pentium), i586/i686 hybrid and PowerPC architectures are no longer supported as of Stretch.[192][193][194]

Point releases:

  • 9.1 (22 July 2017; 6 years ago (2017-07-22))[195]
  • 9.2 (7 October 2017; 6 years ago (2017-10-07))[196]
  • 9.3 (9 December 2017; 6 years ago (2017-12-09))[197]
  • 9.4 (10 March 2018; 6 years ago (2018-03-10))[198]
  • 9.5 (14 July 2018; 5 years ago (2018-07-14))[199]
  • 9.6 (10 November 2018; 5 years ago (2018-11-10))[200]
  • 9.7 (23 January 2019; 5 years ago (2019-01-23))[201]
  • 9.8 (16 February 2019; 5 years ago (2019-02-16))[202]
  • 9.9 (27 April 2019; 5 years ago (2019-04-27))[203]
  • Stretch becomes oldstable, Buster becomes stable release (6 July 2019; 5 years ago (2019-07-06))
  • 9.10 (7 September 2019; 4 years ago (2019-09-07))[204]
  • 9.11 (8 September 2019; 4 years ago (2019-09-08))[205]
  • 9.12 (8 February 2020; 4 years ago (2020-02-08))[206]
  • 9.13 (18 July 2020; 3 years ago (2020-07-18)) this is the final update for codename Stretch.[207]
  • Stretch long term support reaches end-of-life (30 June 2022; 2 years ago (2022-06-30))[208]
  • Stretch extended long term support reaches end-of-life (30 June 2027; 2 years' time (2027-06-30))[176]

Debian 10 (Buster)

Debian 10 (Buster) with GNOME

Debian 10 (Buster) was released on 6 July 2019; 5 years ago (2019-07-06). It was two years and a month after Debian 9 (Stretch).[47] Debian 10 contains 57,703 packages, supports UEFI Secure Boot,[209] has AppArmor enabled by default, uses LUKS2 as the default LUKS format, and uses Wayland for GNOME by default.[citation needed]

Debian 10 ships with Linux kernel version 4.19.[210] Available desktops include Cinnamon 3.8, GNOME 3.30, KDE Plasma 5.14, LXDE 0.99.2, LXQt 0.14, MATE 1.20, Xfce 4.12. Key application software includes LibreOffice 6.1 for office productivity, VLC 3.0 for media viewing, and Firefox ESR for web browsing.[211]

Point releases:

  • 10.1 (7 September 2019; 4 years ago (2019-09-07))[212][213]
  • 10.2 (16 November 2019; 4 years ago (2019-11-16))[214]
  • 10.3 (8 February 2020; 4 years ago (2020-02-08))[215]
  • 10.4 (9 May 2020; 4 years ago (2020-05-09))[216]
  • 10.5 (1 August 2020; 3 years ago (2020-08-01))[217]
  • 10.6 (26 September 2020; 3 years ago (2020-09-26))[218]
  • 10.7 (5 December 2020; 3 years ago (2020-12-05))[219]
  • 10.8 (6 February 2021; 3 years ago (2021-02-06))[220]
  • 10.9 (27 March 2021; 3 years ago (2021-03-27))[221]
  • 10.10 (19 June 2021; 3 years ago (2021-06-19))[222]
  • Buster becomes oldstable, Bullseye is the current stable release (14 August 2021; 2 years ago (2021-08-14))[1]
  • 10.11 (9 October 2021; 2 years ago (2021-10-09))[223]
  • 10.12 (26 March 2022; 2 years ago (2022-03-26))[224]
  • 10.13 (10 September 2022; 22 months ago (2022-09-10)) this is the final update for codename Buster[225]
  • [226]

Debian 11 (Bullseye)

Debian 11 (Bullseye) with GNOME

Debian 11 (Bullseye) was released on 14 August 2021.[1] It is based on the Linux 5.10 LTS kernel and will be supported for five years.[227]

On 12 November 2020, it was announced that "Homeworld", by Juliette Taka, will be the default theme for Debian 11, after winning a public poll held with eighteen choices.[228]

Bullseye dropped the remaining Qt4/KDE 4 libraries and Python 2,[229][230] and shipped with Qt 5.15 KDE Plasma 5.20.[231] Available desktops include Gnome 3.38, KDE Plasma 5.20, LXDE 11, LXQt 0.16, MATE 1.24, and Xfce 4.16.[232][233][234]

Bullseye does not support the older big-endian 32-bit MIPS architectures.[235] This is not to be confused with the more common i386 32-bit architecture which is still supported.

The first of the code freezes, readying Debian 11 for release, began on 12 January 2021.[236]

Development freeze timetable:

  • 12 January, 2021: transition freeze[236]
  • 12 February, 2021: soft freeze[237]
  • 12 March, 2021: hard freeze[238]
  • 17 July, 2021: full freeze
  • 14 August, 2021: release

Point releases:

  • 11.1 (9 October 2021; 2 years ago (2021-10-09))[239]
  • 11.2 (18 December 2021; 2 years ago (2021-12-18))[240]
  • 11.3 (26 March 2022; 2 years ago (2022-03-26))[241]
  • 11.4 (9 July 2022; 2 years ago (2022-07-09))[242]
  • 11.5 (10 September 2022; 22 months ago (2022-09-10))[243]
  • 11.6 (17 December 2022; 18 months ago (2022-12-17))[244]
  • 11.7 (29 April 2023; 14 months ago (2023-04-29))[245]
  • 11.8 (7 October 2023; 9 months ago (2023-10-07))[246]

Debian 12 (Bookworm)

Debian 12 (Bookworm) with GNOME

Debian 12 (Bookworm) was released on 10 June 2023.[54] It is based on Linux kernel v6.1 LTS, and uses GNOME 43 as its default desktop environment, but many other desktops are available, as always.

On 13 October 2022, the Release Team announced the freeze development milestone timeline for this release:[59][247]

  • 12 January, 2023: transition and toolchain freeze
  • 12 February, 2023: soft freeze
  • 12 March, 2023: hard freeze

Point releases:

  • 12.1 (22 July 2023; 11 months ago (2023-07-22))[248]
  • 12.2 (October 7, 2023; 9 months ago (2023-10-07))[249]
  • 12.3 (Cancelled, was intended to be released December 9, 2023; 7 months ago (2023-12-09))[250]
  • 12.4 (December 10, 2023; 7 months ago (2023-12-10))[251]

Debian 13 (Trixie)

Debian 13 (Trixie) with GNOME

With the release of Debian 12 on June 10, 2023, testing is now known by the codename Trixie which is anticipated to be released as Debian 13 in 2025.[252]

Debian 13 will continue to support 32 bit processors, however the lower limit is now i686.[253]

Debian 14 (Forky)

Following the release of Debian 13 (Trixie), testing will be known by the codename Forky which is anticipated to be released as Debian 14 in 2027.[254]


Release timeline

Template:Timeline Debian GNU/Linux

Port timeline

Template:Timeline Debian GNU/Linux Ports

Many of past architectures, plus some that have not yet achieved release status, are available from the debian-ports repository.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Debian 11 "bullseye" released". 14 August 2021. https://www.debian.org/News/2021/20210814. 
  2. ↑ "Debian 12 -- Release Notes". 14 August 2021. https://www.debian.org/releases/bookworm/releasenotes. 
  3. ↑ "Debian Releases". 30 December 2020. https://www.debian.org/releases/. 
  4. ↑ "1.6. Lifecycle of a Release". https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-handbook/sect.release-lifecycle.en.html#id-1.4.9.15. 
  5. ↑ "Debian Releases - Codenames". https://wiki.debian.org/DebianReleases#Codenames. 
  6. ↑ "DebianUnstable - Debian Wiki". https://wiki.debian.org/DebianUnstable. 
  7. ↑ "DebianTesting - Debian Wiki". https://wiki.debian.org/DebianTesting. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "DebianReleases - Debian Wiki". https://wiki.debian.org/DebianReleases#Release_statistics. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Chapter 6. The Debian archives". https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-faq/ftparchives#frozen. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 "LTS/Extended". The Debian Project. https://wiki.debian.org/LTS/Extended. 
  11. ↑ "Debian Extended LTS by Freexian". Freexian. https://www.freexian.com/lts/extended/. 
  12. ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17 12.18 12.19 "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/. 
  13. ↑ debian-0.91/ChangeLog
  14. ↑ "Debian 0.93R6 packages metadata file". The Debian Project. http://archive.debian.org/debian/dists/Debian-0.93R6/Packages. 
  15. ↑ Bruce Perens (11 December 1995). "Wrong version of Debian on InfoMagic CD". Infomagic and The Debian Project. https://lists.debian.org/debian-announce/1995/msg00010.html. 
  16. ↑ Bruce Perens (17 June 1996). "Debian Linux Distribution Release 1.1 Now Available". Software in the Public Interest. https://lists.debian.org/debian-announce/1996/msg00021.html. 
  17. ↑ Bruce Perens (12 December 1996). "Debian 1.2 Released". The Debian Project. https://lists.debian.org/debian-announce/1996/msg00026.html. 
  18. ↑ Bruce Perens (5 June 1997). "Debian 1.3 Released". Software in the Public Interest. https://lists.debian.org/debian-announce/1997/msg00013.html. 
  19. ↑ Nils Lohner (23 July 1998). "Debian 2.0 Released". The Debian Project. https://lists.debian.org/debian-announce/1998/msg00015.html. 
  20. ↑ "[SECURITY Security policy for Debian 2.1 (slink) (updated)"]. The Debian Project. https://lists.debian.org/debian-security-announce/2000/msg00043.html. 
  21. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 ('potato') Release Information". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/releases/potato/. 
  22. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Debian GNU/Linux 2.2, the "Joel 'Espy' Klecker" release, is officially released". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/News/2000/20000815. 
  23. ↑ 24.0 24.1 "Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 "woody" Release Information". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/releases/woody/. 
  24. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 released". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/News/2002/20020719. 
  25. ↑ "Security Support for Debian 3.0 to be terminated". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/News/2006/20060601. 
  26. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "Debian "sarge" Release Information". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/releases/sarge/. 
  27. ↑ "Security Support for Debian 3.1 to be terminated". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/News/2008/20080229. 
  28. ↑ 29.0 29.1 "Debian "etch" Release Information". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/releases/etch/. 
  29. ↑ "Security Support for Debian 4.0 to be terminated". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/News/2010/20100121. 
  30. ↑ 31.0 31.1 "Debian "lenny" Release Information". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/releases/lenny/. 
  31. ↑ 32.0 32.1 "Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 released". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/News/2009/20090214. 
  32. ↑ 33.0 33.1 "Debian "squeeze" Release Information". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/releases/squeeze/. 
  33. ↑ 34.0 34.1 "Debian 6.0 Squeeze released". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/News/2011/20110205a. 
  34. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 "LTS". The Debian Project. https://wiki.debian.org/LTS. 
  35. ↑ "[SECURITY [DSA 2907-1] Announcement of long term support for Debian oldstable"]. The Debian Project. https://lists.debian.org/debian-security-announce/2014/msg00082.html. 
  36. ↑ 37.0 37.1 "Debian "wheezy" Release Information". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/releases/wheezy/. 
  37. ↑ 38.0 38.1 "Debian 7.0 Wheezy released". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/News/2013/20130504. 
  38. ↑ "Debian 6.0 Long Term Support reaching end-of-life". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/News/2016/20160212. 
  39. ↑ "Security support for Wheezy handed over to the LTS team". lists.debian.org. 25 Apr 2016. https://lists.debian.org/debian-announce/2016/msg00005.html. 
  40. ↑ "Debian "Jessie" Release Information". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/. 
  41. ↑ 42.0 42.1 "Debian 8 Jessie released". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/News/2015/20150426. 
  42. ↑ "LTS/Jessie - Debian Wiki". https://wiki.debian.org/LTS/Jessie. 
  43. ↑ 44.0 44.1 "Debian 9 "Stretch" released". 17 June 2017. https://www.debian.org/News/2017/20170617. 
  44. ↑ "DebianStretch - Debian Wiki". https://wiki.debian.org/DebianStretch. 
  45. ↑ "Debian "stretch" Release Information". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/releases/stretch/. 
  46. ↑ 47.0 47.1 "Debian 10 "buster" released". 6 July 2019. https://www.debian.org/News/2019/20190706. 
  47. ↑ "LTS". https://wiki.debian.org/LTS. 
  48. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 "linux - Debian Package Tracker". https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/linux. 
  49. ↑ Wiltshire, Jonathan. "Bits from the release team: Winter is Coming (but not to South Africa)". The Debian Project. https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2016/07/msg00002.html. 
  50. ↑ Norwood, Donald. "Debian Micronews: There are 31,387 source packages in Debian bullseye.". The Debian Project. https://micronews.debian.org/2021/1628958296.html. 
  51. ↑ "Debian Package Auto-Building". https://buildd.debian.org/status/package.php?p=base-files&suite=bullseye. 
  52. ↑ "Debian 11 "bullseye" released". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/News/2021/20210814. 
  53. ↑ 54.0 54.1 "Debian 12 "bookworm" released". 2023-06-10. https://www.debian.org/News/2023/20230610.en.html. 
  54. ↑ "This Is the Default Theme of Debian GNU/Linux 12 "Bookworm"". https://9to5linux.com/this-is-the-default-theme-of-debian-gnu-linux-12-bookworm. 
  55. ↑ Pozuelo Monfort, Emilio. "Bits from the release team: full steam ahead towards buster". The Debian Project. https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2018/04/msg00006.html. 
  56. ↑ Norwood, Donald. "Debian 12 has over 34,780 Source packages". https://micronews.debian.org/2023/1686422589.html. 
  57. ↑ Gevers, Paul. "bits from the release team: winter^Wfreeze is coming". The Debian Project. https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2020/11/msg00002.html. 
  58. ↑ 59.0 59.1 Gevers, Paul (13 October 2022). "bits from the release team: are you ready to skate yet?". debian-devel-announce (Mailing list). Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  59. ↑ "LTS - Debian Wiki". https://wiki.debian.org/LTS. "Debian Long Term Support (LTS) is a project to extend the lifetime of all Debian stable releases to (at least) 5 years. [..] Thus the Debian LTS team takes over security maintenance of the various releases once the Debian Security team stops its work." 
  60. ↑ "LTS FAQ". https://wiki.debian.org/LTS/FAQ. 
  61. ↑ "Wrong version of Debian on InfoMagic CD". Bruce Perens. https://lists.debian.org/debian-announce/1995/msg00010.html. 
  62. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/. "Debian 1.1 Buzz (June 17th, 1996): This was the first Debian release with a code name. It was taken, like all others so far, from a character in one of the Toy Story movies... in this case, Buzz Lightyear. By this time, Bruce Perens had taken over leadership of the Project from Ian Murdock, and Bruce was working at Pixar, the company that produced the movies. This release was fully ELF, used Linux kernel 2.0, and contained 474 packages." 
  63. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/. "Rex is the code name for a former Stable Debian distribution.It was released on December 12th, 1996 as Debian GNU/Linux 1.2: Named for the plastic dinosaur in the Toy Story movies. This release consisted of 848 packages maintained by 120 developers. It was superseded by DebianBo on June 5th, 1997.Rex is now obsolete and security updates are no longer provided." 
  64. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/. "Debian 1.3 Bo (June 5th, 1997): Named for Bo Peep, the shepherdess. This release consisted of 974 packages maintained by 200 developers." 
  65. ↑ "Debian 1.3.1 Released". 8 July 1997. https://www.debian.org/News/1997/19970708. 
  66. ↑ "Revised Debian CD Available". 3 February 1998. https://www.debian.org/News/1998/19980203c. 
  67. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/. "Debian 2.0 Hamm (July 24th, 1998): Named for the piggy-bank in the Toy Story movies. This was the first multi-architecture release of Debian, adding support for the Motorola 68000 series architectures. With Ian Jackson as Project Leader, this release made the transition to libc6, and consisted of over 1500 packages maintained by over 400 developers." 
  68. ↑ "security updates webpage". 24 October 1998. https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/1998/10/msg02453.html. 
  69. ↑ "Release of Debian 2.1". 9 March 1999. https://www.debian.org/News/1999/19990309. 
  70. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/. "Debian 2.1 Slink (March 9th, 1999): Named for the slinky-dog in the movie. Two more architectures were added, Alpha and SPARC. With Wichert Akkerman as Project Leader, this release consisted of about 2250 packages and required 2 CDs in the official set. The key technical innovation was the introduction of apt, a new package management interface. Widely emulated, apt addressed issues resulting from Debian's continuing growth, and established a new paradigm for package acquisition and installation on Open Source operating systems." 
  71. ↑ "Re: CD-Image of latest release". 5 May 1999. https://lists.debian.org/debian-cd/1999/05/msg00008.html. 
  72. ↑ "2.1r2 images". 27 June 1999. https://lists.debian.org/debian-cd/1999/06/msg00051.html. 
  73. ↑ "2.1_r3 images appearing on cdimage.debian.org". 4 September 1999. https://lists.debian.org/debian-cd/1999/09/msg00008.html. 
  74. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 2.1r4 Released". 15 December 1999. https://www.debian.org/News/1999/19991215. 
  75. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 2.1r5 Released". 16 February 2000. https://www.debian.org/News/2000/20000216. 
  76. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/. "Debian 2.2 Potato (15 August 2000): Named for "Mr Potato Head" in the Toy Story movies. This release added support for the PowerPC and ARM architectures. With Wichert still serving as Project Leader, this release consisted of more than 3900 binary packages derived from over 2600 source packages maintained by more than 450 Debian developers." 
  77. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 2.2r1 Released". 1 November 2000. https://www.debian.org/News/2000/20001114. 
  78. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 2.2r2 Released". 5 December 2000. https://www.debian.org/News/2000/20001205. 
  79. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 2.2r3 Released". 17 April 2001. https://www.debian.org/News/2001/20010417. 
  80. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 2.2r4 released". 5 November 2001. https://www.debian.org/News/2001/20011105. 
  81. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 2.2r5 released". 10 January 2002. https://www.debian.org/News/2002/20020110. 
  82. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 updated (r6)". 3 April 2002. https://www.debian.org/News/2002/20020403. 
  83. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 updated (r7)". 13 July 2002. https://www.debian.org/News/2002/20020713. 
  84. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/. "Debian 3.0 Woody (19 July 2002): Named for the main character the Toy Story movies: "Woody" the cowboy. Even more architectures were added in this release: IA-64, HP PA-RISC, MIPS (big endian), MIPS (little endian) and S/390. This is also the first release to include cryptographic software due to the restrictions for exportation being lightened in the US, and also the first one to include KDE, now that the license issues with QT were resolved. With Bdale Garbee recently appointed Project Leader, and more than 900 Debian developers, this release contained around 8,500 binary packages and 7 binary CDs in the official set." 
  85. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 updated (r1)". 16 December 2002. https://www.debian.org/News/2002/20021216. 
  86. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 updated (r2)". 21 November 2003. https://www.debian.org/News/2003/20031121a. 
  87. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 updated (r3)". 26 October 2004. https://www.debian.org/News/2004/20041026. 
  88. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 updated (r4)". 1 January 2005. https://www.debian.org/News/2005/20050101. 
  89. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 updated (r5)". 16 April 2005. https://www.debian.org/News/2005/20050416. 
  90. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 updated (r6)". 2 June 2005. https://www.debian.org/News/2005/20050602. 
  91. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/. "Debian 3.1 Sarge (6 June 2005): named for the sergeant of the Green Plastic Army Men. No new architectures were added to the release, although an unofficial AMD64 port was published at the same time and distributed through the new Alioth project hosting site. This release features a new installer: debian-installer, a modular piece of software that feature automatic hardware detection, unattended installation features and was released fully translated to over thirty languages. It was also the first release to include a full office suite: OpenOffice.org. Branden Robinson had just been appointed as Project Leader. This release was made by more than nine hundred Debian developers, and contained around 15,400 binary packages and 14 binary CDs in the official set." 
  92. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 updated (r1)". 20 December 2005. https://www.debian.org/News/2005/20051220. 
  93. ↑ "Index of /mirror/cdimage/archive/3.1_r1". http://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/3.1_r1. 
  94. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 updated (r2)". 19 April 2006. https://www.debian.org/News/2006/20060419. 
  95. ↑ "Index of /mirror/cdimage/archive/3.1_r2". http://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/3.1_r2. 
  96. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 updated". 1 September 2006. https://www.debian.org/News/2006/20060901. 
  97. ↑ "Index of /mirror/cdimage/archive/3.1_r3". http://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/3.1_r3. 
  98. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 updated". 6 November 2006. https://www.debian.org/News/2006/20061106. 
  99. ↑ "Index of /mirror/cdimage/archive/3.1_r4". http://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/3.1_r4. 
  100. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 updated". 18 February 2007. https://www.debian.org/News/2007/20070218. 
  101. ↑ "Index of /mirror/cdimage/archive/3.1_r5". http://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/3.1_r5. 
  102. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 updated". 7 April 2007. https://www.debian.org/News/2007/20070407. 
  103. ↑ "Index of /mirror/cdimage/archive/3.1_r6". http://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/3.1_r6. 
  104. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 updated". 28 December 2007. https://www.debian.org/News/2007/20070407. 
  105. ↑ "Index of /mirror/cdimage/archive/3.1_r7". http://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/3.1_r7. 
  106. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 updated". 13 April 2008. https://www.debian.org/News/2008/20080413. 
  107. ↑ "Index of /mirror/cdimage/archive/3.1_r8". http://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/3.1_r8. 
  108. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/. "Debian 4.0 Etch (8 April 2007): named for the sketch toy in the movie. One architecture was added in this release: AMD64, and official support for m68k was dropped. This release continued using the debian-installer, but featuring in this release a graphical installer, cryptographic verification of downloaded packages, more flexible partitioning (with support for encrypted partitions), simplified mail configuration, a more flexible desktop selection, simplified but improved localization and new modes, including a rescue mode. New installations would not need to reboot through the installation process as the previous two phases of installation were now integrated. This new installer provided support for scripts using composed characters and complex languages in its graphical version, increasing the number of available translations to over fifty. Sam Hocevar was appointed Project Leader the very same day, and the project included more than one thousand and thirty Debian developers. The release contained around 18,000 binary packages over 20 binary CDs (3 DVDs) in the official set. There were also two binary CDs available to install the system with alternate desktop environments different from the default one." 
  109. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 updated". 17 August 2007. https://www.debian.org/News/2007/20070817. 
  110. ↑ "Index of /mirror/cdimage/archive/4.0_r1". http://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/4.0_r1. 
  111. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 updated". 27 December 2007. https://www.debian.org/News/2007/20071227. 
  112. ↑ "Index of /mirror/cdimage/archive/4.0_r2". http://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/4.0_r2. 
  113. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 updated". 17 February 2008. https://www.debian.org/News/2008/20080217. 
  114. ↑ "Index of /mirror/cdimage/archive/4.0_r3". http://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/4.0_r3. 
  115. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 updated and support for newer hardware added". 26 July 2008. https://www.debian.org/News/2008/20080726. 
  116. ↑ "Index of /mirror/cdimage/archive/4.0_r4". http://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/4.0_r4. 
  117. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 updated". 23 October 2008. https://www.debian.org/News/2008/20081023. 
  118. ↑ "Index of /mirror/cdimage/archive/4.0_r5". http://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/4.0_r5. 
  119. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 updated". 18 December 2008. https://www.debian.org/News/2008/20081218. 
  120. ↑ "Index of /mirror/cdimage/archive/4.0_r6". http://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/4.0_r6. 
  121. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 updated". 18 February 2009. https://www.debian.org/News/2009/20090210. 
  122. ↑ "Index of /mirror/cdimage/archive/4.0_r7". http://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/4.0_r7. 
  123. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 updated". 8 April 2009. https://www.debian.org/News/2009/20090408. 
  124. ↑ "Index of /mirror/cdimage/archive/4.0_r8". http://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/4.0_r8. 
  125. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 updated". 22 May 2010. https://www.debian.org/News/2010/20100522. 
  126. ↑ "Index of /mirror/cdimage/archive/4.0_r9". http://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/4.0_r9. 
  127. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/. "Debian 5.0 Lenny (February 2009): named for the wind up binoculars in the Toy Story movies. One architecture was added in this release: ARM EABI (or armel), providing support for newer ARM processors and deprecating the old ARM port (arm). The m68k port was not included in this release, although it was still provided in the unstable distribution. This release did not feature the FreeBSD port, although much work on the port had been done to make it qualify it did not meet yet the qualification requirements for this release." 
  128. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 updated". 11 April 2009. https://www.debian.org/News/2009/20090411. 
  129. ↑ "Index of /mirror/cdimage/archive/5.0.1". http://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/5.0.1/. 
  130. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 updated". 27 June 2009. https://www.debian.org/News/2009/20090627. 
  131. ↑ "Index of /mirror/cdimage/archive/5.0.2". http://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/5.0.2/. 
  132. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 updated". 5 September 2009. https://www.debian.org/News/2009/20090905. 
  133. ↑ "Index of /mirror/cdimage/archive/5.0.3". http://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/5.0.3/. 
  134. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 updated". 30 January 2010. https://www.debian.org/News/2010/20100130. 
  135. ↑ "Index of /mirror/cdimage/archive/5.0.4". http://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/5.0.4/. 
  136. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 updated". 26 June 2010. https://www.debian.org/News/2010/20100626. 
  137. ↑ "Index of /mirror/cdimage/archive/5.0.5". http://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/5.0.5/. 
  138. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 updated". 4 September 2010. https://www.debian.org/News/2010/20100904. 
  139. ↑ "Index of /mirror/cdimage/archive/5.0.6". http://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/5.0.6/. 
  140. ↑ "Updated Debian GNU/Linux: 5.0.7 released". 27 November 2010. https://www.debian.org/News/2010/20101127. 
  141. ↑ "Updated Debian GNU/Linux: 5.0.8 released". 22 January 2011. https://www.debian.org/News/2011/20110122. 
  142. ↑ "Updated Debian GNU/Linux 5.0: 5.0.9 released". 1 October 2011. https://www.debian.org/News/2011/20111001. 
  143. ↑ "Updated Debian 5.0: 5.0.10 released". 10 March 2012. https://www.debian.org/News/2012/20120310. 
  144. ↑ "Debian i386 architecture now requires a 686-class processor". The Debian Project. https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2016/05/msg00001.html. "Support for 486-class processors was dropped, somewhat accidentally, in squeeze." 
  145. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/. "Debian 6.0 Squeeze (February 2011): named for the green three-eyed aliens. The release was frozen on 6 August 2010, with many of the Debian developers gathered at the 10th Debconf at New York City. While two architectures (alpha and hppa) were dropped, two architectures of the new FreeBSD port (kfreebsd-i386 and kfreebsd-amd64) were made available as technology preview, including the kernel and userland tools as well as common server software (though not advanced desktop features yet). This was the first time a Linux distribution has been extended to also allow use of a non-Linux kernel." 
  146. ↑ "Debian aims for FSF endorsement - The H Open: News and Features". http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Debian-aims-for-FSF-endorsement-1632789.html. 
  147. ↑ "Debian -- News -- Debian 6.0 "Squeeze" to be released with completely free Linux Kernel". https://www.debian.org/News/2010/20101215. 
  148. ↑ Proffitt, Brian (12 July 2012). "Debian GNU/Linux seeks alignment with Free Software Foundation". https://www.itworld.com/article/2723388/it-management/debian-gnu-linux-seeks-alignment-with-free-software-foundation.html. 
  149. ↑ "squeeze your non-free firmware away". https://upsilon.cc/~zack/blog/posts/2010/12/squeeze_your_non-free_firmware_away/. 
  150. ↑ "Updated Debian 6: 6.0.1 released". 19 March 2011. https://www.debian.org/News/2011/20110319. 
  151. ↑ "Updated Debian 6: 6.0.2 released". 25 June 2011. https://www.debian.org/News/2011/20110625. 
  152. ↑ "Updated Debian 6: 6.0.3 released". 8 October 2011. https://www.debian.org/News/2011/20111008. 
  153. ↑ "Updated Debian 6: 6.0.4 released". 28 January 2012. https://www.debian.org/News/2012/20120128. 
  154. ↑ "Updated Debian 6: 6.0.5 released". 12 May 2012. https://www.debian.org/News/2012/20120512. 
  155. ↑ "Updated Debian 6: 6.0.6 released". 29 September 2012. https://www.debian.org/News/2012/20120929. 
  156. ↑ "Updated Debian 6: 6.0.7 released". 23 February 2013. https://www.debian.org/News/2013/20130223. 
  157. ↑ "Updated Debian 6: 6.0.8 released". 20 October 2013. https://www.debian.org/News/2013/20131020. 
  158. ↑ "Updated Debian 6: 6.0.9 released". 15 February 2014. https://www.debian.org/News/2014/20140215. 
  159. ↑ "Updated Debian 6: 6.0.10 released". 19 July 2014. https://www.debian.org/News/2014/20140719. 
  160. ↑ "Debian 6.0 Long Term Support reaching end-of-life". 12 February 2016. https://www.debian.org/News/2016/20160212. 
  161. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/. "Debian 7.0 Wheezy (May 2013): named for the rubber toy penguin with a red bow tie. One architecture was included in this release (armhf) and this release introduced multi-arch support, which allowed users to install packages from multiple architectures on the same machine. Improvements in the installation process allowed visually impaired people to install the system using software speech for the first time. This was also the first release that supported the installation and booting in devices using UEFI firmware." 
  162. ↑ "UEFI". The Debian Project. https://wiki.debian.org/UEFI#debian-installer_support. "The initial support to make UEFI amd64 systems directly installable in Debian was added in Wheezy (7.0). Support was later added for i386 and arm64 systems for Jessie (8.0), along with a number of quirks and bug workarounds. Support for armhf was added in Buster (10.0)." 
  163. ↑ "Updated Debian 7: 7.1 released". 15 June 2013. https://www.debian.org/News/2013/20130615. 
  164. ↑ "Updated Debian 7: 7.2 released". 12 October 2013. https://www.debian.org/News/2013/20131012. 
  165. ↑ "Updated Debian 7: 7.3 released". 14 December 2013. https://www.debian.org/News/2013/20131214. 
  166. ↑ "Updated Debian 7: 7.4 released". 8 February 2014. https://www.debian.org/News/2014/20140208. 
  167. ↑ "Updated Debian 7: 7.5 released". 26 April 2014. https://www.debian.org/News/2014/20140426. 
  168. ↑ "Updated Debian 7: 7.6 released". 12 July 2014. https://www.debian.org/News/2014/20140712. 
  169. ↑ "Updated Debian 7: 7.7 released". 18 October 2014. https://www.debian.org/News/2014/20141018. 
  170. ↑ "Updated Debian 7: 7.8 released". 10 January 2015. https://www.debian.org/News/2015/20150110. 
  171. ↑ "Updated Debian 7: 7.9 released". 5 September 2015. https://www.debian.org/News/2015/2015090502. 
  172. ↑ "Updated Debian 7: 7.10 released". 2 April 2016. https://www.debian.org/News/2016/2016040202. 
  173. ↑ "Updated Debian 7: 7.11 released". 4 June 2016. https://www.debian.org/News/2016/2016060402. 
  174. ↑ 175.0 175.1 "Debian 7 Long Term Support reaching end-of-life". 4 June 2016. https://www.debian.org/News/2018/20180601. 
  175. ↑ 176.0 176.1 176.2 "LTS/Extended - Debian Wiki". https://wiki.debian.org/LTS/Extended. 
  176. ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/. "Debian 8 Jessie (April 2015): named for the cowgirl doll who first appeared in Toy Story 2." 
  177. ↑ "Debian "jessie" Release Information". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/. 
  178. ↑ 179.0 179.1 "Debian "jessie" Release Information". https://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/. 
  179. ↑ "Updated Debian 8: 8.1 released". 6 June 2015. https://www.debian.org/News/2015/20150606. 
  180. ↑ "Updated Debian 8: 8.2 released". 5 September 2015. https://www.debian.org/News/2015/20150905. 
  181. ↑ "Updated Debian 8: 8.3 released". 23 January 2016. https://www.debian.org/News/2016/20160123. 
  182. ↑ "Updated Debian 8: 8.4 released". 2 April 2016. https://www.debian.org/News/2016/20160402. 
  183. ↑ "Updated Debian 8: 8.5 released". 4 June 2016. https://www.debian.org/News/2016/20160604. 
  184. ↑ "Updated Debian 8: 8.6 released". 17 September 2016. https://www.debian.org/News/2016/20160917. 
  185. ↑ "Updated Debian 8: 8.7 released". 14 January 2017. https://www.debian.org/News/2017/20170114. 
  186. ↑ "Updated Debian 8: 8.8 released". 6 May 2017. https://www.debian.org/News/2017/20170506. 
  187. ↑ "Updated Debian 8: 8.9 released". 22 July 2017. https://www.debian.org/News/2017/2017072202. 
  188. ↑ "Updated Debian 8: 8.10 released". 9 December 2017. https://www.debian.org/News/2017/20171209. 
  189. ↑ "Updated Debian 8: 8.11 released". 23 June 2018. https://www.debian.org/News/2018/20180623. 
  190. ↑ "ChangeLog". stretch. Debian. 2020-07-18. http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/stretch/ChangeLog. 
  191. ↑ "Debian i386 architecture now requires a 686-class processor". https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2016/05/msg00001.html. "Last year it was decided to increase the minimum CPU features for the i386 architecture to 686-class in the stretch release cycle. This means dropping support for 586-class and hybrid 586/686 processors[1].(Support for 486-class processors was dropped, somewhat accidentally, in squeeze.) This was implemented in the Linux kernel packages starting with Linux 4.3, which was uploaded to unstable in December last year. In case you missed that change, gcc for i386 has recently been changed to target 686-class processors and is generating code that will crash on other processors. Any such systems still running testing or unstable will need to be switched to run stable (jessie). The older processors will continue to be supported in jessie until at least 2018, and until 2020 if i386 is included in jessie LTS. The following processors, supported in jessie, are now unspported: * AMD K5, K6, K6-2, (aka K6 3D), K6-3 * DM&P/SiS Vortex86, Vortex86SX * Cyrix III, MediaGX, MediaGXm * IDT Winchip C6, Winchip 2 * Intel Pentium, Pentium with MMX * Rise mP6 * VIA C3 'Samuel 2', C3 'Ezra'" 
  192. ↑ "Release architectures for Debian 9 'Stretch'". https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2016/10/msg00008.html. "The only change from Jessie is the removal of powerpc as a release architecture. We discussed this at length, and eventually took the view that the least disservice to users of that port is to provide reasonable notice of its discontinuation. We recognise and acknowledge that discontinuing any port is unavoidably disruptive. The question of whether powerpc remains an architecture in the main archive or moves to ports is one for FTP masters, not the release team." 
  193. ↑ "Debian Is Dropping Support for Older 32-bit Hardware Architectures in Debian 9". https://news.softpedia.com/news/debian-is-dropping-support-for-older-32-bit-hardware-architectures-in-debian-9-503832.shtml. "The change has already been implemented to the Linux kernel 4.3 packages, which have been uploaded to the Debian Unstable repositories last year. And today users are being informed to move to Debian GNU/Linux 8 "Jessie" if they're still using Debian on older computers powered by i586 or i486 processors. If i386 support is to be included in the Debian GNU/Linux 8 "Jessie" release, which should enter LTS (Long Term Support) stage from May 2018, the operating system will then support older 32-bit processors until the year 2020." 
  194. ↑ "Updated Debian 9: 9.1 released". 22 July 2017. https://www.debian.org/News/2017/20170722. 
  195. ↑ "Updated Debian 9: 9.2 released". 7 October 2017. https://www.debian.org/News/2017/20171007. 
  196. ↑ "Updated Debian 9: 9.3 released". 9 December 2017. https://www.debian.org/News/2017/2017120902. 
  197. ↑ "Updated Debian 9: 9.4 released". 10 March 2018. https://www.debian.org/News/2018/20180310. 
  198. ↑ "Updated Debian 9: 9.5 released". 14 July 2018. https://www.debian.org/News/2018/20180714. 
  199. ↑ "Updated Debian 9: 9.6 released". 10 November 2018. https://www.debian.org/News/2018/20181110. 
  200. ↑ "Updated Debian 9: 9.7 released". 23 January 2019. https://www.debian.org/News/2019/20190123. 
  201. ↑ "Updated Debian 9: 9.8 released". 16 February 2019. https://www.debian.org/News/2019/20190216. 
  202. ↑ "Updated Debian 9: 9.9 released". 27 April 2019. https://www.debian.org/News/2019/20190427. 
  203. ↑ "Updated Debian 9: 9.10 released". 7 September 2019. https://www.debian.org/News/2019/2019090702. 
  204. ↑ "Updated Debian 9: 9.11 released". 8 September 2019. https://www.debian.org/News/2019/20190908. 
  205. ↑ "Updated Debian 9: 9.12 released". 8 February 2020. https://www.debian.org/News/2020/2020020802. 
  206. ↑ "Updated Debian 9: 9.13 released". 18 July 2020. https://www.debian.org/News/2020/20200718. 
  207. ↑ "Debian Long Term Support". 29 October 2020. https://wiki.debian.org/LTS. 
  208. ↑ Larabel, Michael (30 April 2018). "Debian Making Progress on UEFI SecureBoot Support in 2018". Phoronix Media. https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Debian-UEFI-SecureBoot-2018. 
  209. ↑ "DistroWatch.com: Debian". Unsigned Integer Limited. 23 May 2018. https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=debian. 
  210. ↑ Staff, Ars (2019-09-11). "Debian 10: Playing catch-up with the rest of the Linux world (that's a good thing)" (in en-us). https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2019/09/debian-10-playing-catch-up-with-the-rest-of-the-linux-world-thats-a-good-thing/. 
  211. ↑ "Updated Debian 10: 10.1 released". 7 September 2019. https://www.debian.org/News/2019/20190907. 
  212. ↑ "ChangeLog". buster. Debian. 2019-09-07. http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/buster/ChangeLog. 
  213. ↑ "Updated Debian 10: 10.2 released". 16 November 2019. https://debian.org/News/2019/20191116. 
  214. ↑ "Updated Debian 10: 10.3 released". 8 February 2020. https://debian.org/News/2020/20200208. 
  215. ↑ "Updated Debian 10: 10.4 released". 9 May 2020. https://debian.org/News/2020/20200509. 
  216. ↑ "Updated Debian 10: 10.5 released". 1 Aug 2020. https://debian.org/News/2020/20200801. 
  217. ↑ "Updated Debian 10: 10.6 released". 26 Sep 2020. https://debian.org/News/2020/20200926. 
  218. ↑ "Updated Debian 10: 10.7 released". 5 Dec 2020. https://debian.org/News/2020/20201205. 
  219. ↑ "Updated Debian 10: 10.8 released". 6 Feb 2021. https://debian.org/News/2021/20210206. 
  220. ↑ "Updated Debian 10: 10.9 released". 27 March 2021. https://www.debian.org/News/2021/20210327. 
  221. ↑ "Updated Debian 10: 10.10 released". 27 March 2021. https://www.debian.org/News/2021/20210619. 
  222. ↑ "Updated Debian 10: 10.11 released". 9 October 2021. https://www.debian.org/News/2021/2021100902. 
  223. ↑ "Updated Debian 10: 10.12 released". 26 March 2022. https://www.debian.org/News/2022/2022032602. 
  224. ↑ "Updated Debian 10: 10.13 released". 10 September 2022. https://www.debian.org/News/2022/20220910. 
  225. ↑ "Debian Long Term Support". https://wiki.debian.org/LTS. 
  226. ↑ "Debian 11 'bullseye' released". August 14, 2021. https://www.debian.org/News/2021/20210814. 
  227. ↑ ""Homeworld" will be the default theme for Debian 11". 2020-11-12. https://bits.debian.org/2020/11/homeworld-will-be-the-default-theme-for-debian-11.html. 
  228. ↑ "Qt4Removal". https://wiki.debian.org/Qt4Removal. 
  229. ↑ "Python 2 and PyPy module removal from Debian". https://lists.debian.org/debian-python/2019/07/msg00080.html. 
  230. ↑ "Plasma 5.20 coming to Debian | There and back again". October 2020. https://www.preining.info/blog/2020/10/plasma-5-20-coming-to-debian/. 
  231. ↑ "7 New Features in the Newly Released Debian 11 'Bullseye' Linux Distro" (in en-US). 2021-08-15. https://news.itsfoss.com/debian-11-feature/. 
  232. ↑ Tung, Liam. "Linux: Stable Debian 11 'bullseye' arrives with five years of support" (in en). https://www.zdnet.com/article/linux-stable-debian-11-bullseye-arrives-with-five-years-of-support/. 
  233. ↑ "Debian -- News -- Debian 11 "bullseye" released". https://www.debian.org/News/2021/20210814.en.html. 
  234. ↑ "Debian Guts Support For Old MIPS CPUs - Phoronix". https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Debian-Drops-Old-32-Bit-MIPS. 
  235. ↑ 236.0 236.1 Gevers, Paul (January 13, 2021). "bits from the release team: bullseye freeze started and its architectures". debian-devel-announce (Mailing list). Archived from the original on January 27, 2021. Retrieved April 29, 2021.
  236. ↑ Gevers, Paul (February 13, 2021). "bits from the RT: bullseye froze softly". debian-devel-announce (Mailing list). Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved April 29, 2021.
  237. ↑ Gevers, Paul (March 20, 2021). "Bits from the Release Team: frozen hard to get hot". debian-devel-announce (Mailing list). Archived from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved April 29, 2021.
  238. ↑ "Updated Debian 11: 11.1 released". 9 October 2021. https://www.debian.org/News/2021/20211009. 
  239. ↑ "Updated Debian 11: 11.2 released". 18 December 2021. https://www.debian.org/News/2021/20211218. 
  240. ↑ "Updated Debian 11: 11.3 released". 26 March 2022. https://www.debian.org/News/2022/20220326. 
  241. ↑ "Updated Debian 11: 11.4 released". 9 July 2022. https://www.debian.org/News/2022/20220709. 
  242. ↑ "Updated Debian 11: 11.5 released". 10 September 2022. https://www.debian.org/News/2022/2022091002. 
  243. ↑ "Updated Debian 11: 11.6 released". 17 December 2022. https://www.debian.org/News/2022/20221217. 
  244. ↑ "Updated Debian 11: 11.7 released". 29 April 2023. https://www.debian.org/News/2023/20230429. 
  245. ↑ "Updated Debian 11: 11.8 released". 2023-10-07. https://www.debian.org/News/2023/2023100702. 
  246. ↑ "bookworm Freeze Timeline and Policy" (in English). https://release.debian.org/testing/freeze_policy.html. 
  247. ↑ "Updated Debian 12: 12.1 released". 22 July 2023. https://www.debian.org/News/2023/20230722. 
  248. ↑ "Updated Debian 12: 12.2 released". 7 October 2023. https://www.debian.org/News/2023/20231007. 
  249. ↑ "Debian 12.4 to supersede Debian 12.3". https://www.debian.org/News/2023/2023121002. 
  250. ↑ "Updated Debian 12: 12.4 released". https://www.debian.org/News/2023/20231210. 
  251. ↑ "DebianTrixie - Debian Wiki". https://wiki.debian.org/DebianTrixie. 
  252. ↑ "Debian Trixie release notes". https://www.debian.org/releases/trixie/release-notes/issues.en.html#i386-is-i686. 
  253. ↑ "DebianForky - Debian Wiki". https://wiki.debian.org/DebianForky. 
  254. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 2.0 'Hamm' Released". 24 July 1998. https://www.debian.org/News/1998/19980724. 
  255. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 2.1r5 Released". 16 February 2000. https://www.debian.org/News/2000/20000216. 
  256. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 updated (r7)". 13 July 2002. https://www.debian.org/News/2002/20020713. 
  257. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 updated (r6)". 2 June 2005. https://www.debian.org/News/2005/20050602. 
  258. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 updated". 13 April 2008. https://www.debian.org/News/2008/20080413. 
  259. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 updated". 22 May 2010. https://www.debian.org/News/2010/20100522. 
  260. ↑ "Updated Debian 5.0: 5.0.10 released". 10 March 2012. https://www.debian.org/News/2012/20120310. 
  261. ↑ "Updated Debian 6: 6.0.10 released". 19 July 2014. https://www.debian.org/News/2014/20140719. 
  262. ↑ "Updated Debian 7: 7.11 released". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/News/2016/2016060402. 
  263. ↑ "Updated Debian 8: 8.11 released". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/News/2018/20180623. 
  264. ↑ "Updated Debian 9: 9.13 released". The Debian Project. https://debian.org/News/2020/20200718. 
  265. ↑ "Updated Debian 10: 10.13 released". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/News/2022/20220910. 
  266. ↑ "Updated Debian 11: 11.7 released". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/News/2023/20230429. 
  267. ↑ "Debian 12 "bookworm" released". The Debian Project. https://www.debian.org/News/2023/20230610. 
  268. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux on Alpha – Status". https://www.debian.org/ports/alpha/port-status. 
  269. ↑ "AMD64 Port". https://www.debian.org/ports/amd64/. 
  270. ↑ 271.0 271.1 271.2 271.3 "ARM Ports". https://www.debian.org/ports/arm/. 
  271. ↑ "Debian for PA-RISC". https://www.debian.org/ports/hppa/. 
  272. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux on x86 Machines". https://www.debian.org/ports/i386/. 
  273. ↑ "Debian for IA-64". https://www.debian.org/ports/ia64/. 
  274. ↑ 275.0 275.1 "Debian GNU/kFreeBSD". https://www.debian.org/ports/kfreebsd-gnu/. 
  275. ↑ "Debian on Motorola 680x0". https://www.debian.org/ports/m68k/. 
  276. ↑ "MIPS Port". https://www.debian.org/ports/mips/. 
  277. ↑ "MIPSPort". https://wiki.debian.org/MIPSPort. 
  278. ↑ "mipsel removed from unstable/experimental". https://lists.debian.org/msgid-search/8734zw1kww.fsf@marvin.43-1.org. 
  279. ↑ 280.0 280.1 "Debian for PowerPC". https://www.debian.org/ports/powerpc/. 
  280. ↑ 281.0 281.1 "S/390 Port". https://www.debian.org/ports/s390/. 
  281. ↑ "Debian SPARC Port". https://www.debian.org/ports/sparc/. 

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