Grand Theft Auto

Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas
Developer(s)	Rockstar North[lower-alpha 1]
Publisher(s)	Rockstar Games
Producer(s)	Leslie Benzies
Programmer(s)	Obbe Vermeij Adam Fowler
Artist(s)	Aaron Garbut
Writer(s)	Dan Houser James Worrall DJ Pooh
Composer(s)	Michael Hunter
Series	Grand Theft Auto
Engine	RenderWare
Platform(s)	PlayStation 2 Windows Xbox Mac OS X iOS Android Windows Phone Fire OS Xbox 360 PlayStation 3
Release	26 October 2004 PlayStation 2 NA: 26 October 2004 PAL: 29 October 2004 Windows, Xbox NA: 7 June 2005 EU: 10 June 2005 Mac OS X 12 November 2010 iOS 12 December 2013 Android 19 December 2013 Windows Phone 27 January 2014 Fire OS 15 May 2014 Xbox 360 26 October 2014 PlayStation 3 1 December 2015
Genre(s)	Action-adventure
Mode(s)	Single-player, multiplayer

Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas is a 2004 action-adventure game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. It is the seventh title in the Grand Theft Auto series and the first main entry since 2002's Grand Theft Auto. Set within the fictional state of San Andreas, based on California and Nevada, the game follows Carl "CJ" Johnson, who returns home after his mother's murder and finds his old friends and family in disarray. Over the course of the game, he attempts to re-establish his old gang, clashes with corrupt cops, and gradually unravels the truth behind his mother's murder.

The game is played from a third-person perspective and its world is navigated on foot or by vehicle. The open world design lets the player freely roam San Andreas, consisting of three metropolitan cities: Los Santos, San Fierro, and Las Venturas, based on Los Angeles , San Francisco , and Las Vegas, respectively. The narrative is based on multiple real-life events in Los Angeles, including the Bloods and Crips street gang rivalry, 1990s crack epidemic, 1992 Los Angeles riots, and the Rampart scandal. The game was released in October 2004 for the PlayStation 2, and in 2005 for Windows and the Xbox. Enhanced versions were released in the 2010s, followed by a remastered version in 2021.

The game received critical acclaim for its characters, narrative, open world design, and visual fidelity, but mixed responses towards its mission design and technical issues. It generated controversy when the discovery of the "Hot Coffee" minigame unlocked a previously hidden sexual scene. Several gaming publications awarded the game year-end accolades, and it is considered one of the sixth generation console gaming's most significant titles and among the best video games ever made. San Andreas became the best-selling video game of 2004 and the best-selling PlayStation 2 game, with over 27.5 million copies sold. Its successor, Grand Theft Auto IV, was released in April 2008.

Gameplay

Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas is an action-adventure game played from a third-person view.^[2] In the game, players controls criminal Carl "CJ" Johnson and completes missions—linear scenarios with set objectives—to progress through the story. Outside of missions, players can freely roam the game's open world and complete optional side missions.^[3][4] A multiplayer mode allows two players to roam the world.^[5] The fictional state of San Andreas is composed of three metropolitan cities: Los Santos, San Fierro, and Las Venturas.^[6] The cities are unlocked as the story progresses;^[7] fast travel is available at airports.^[8]:{{{1}}} Safehouses can be purchased to save the game and store vehicles.^[8]:{{{1}}}

The game is played from a third-person view and its open world can be navigated using cars and other vehicles.^[2][9]

Players may run, jump, swim, or use vehicles to navigate the world,^[9] and use melee attacks, firearms and explosives to fight enemies, including the ability to dual wield firearms and commit drive-by shootings.^[10][11] Weapons are purchased from local firearms dealers or retrieved from dead enemies or in the world.^[12] In combat, auto-aim can be used against enemies.^[8]:{{{1}}} Several stealth elements were introduced in the game.^[13] Should players take damage, their health meter can be fully regenerated through health pick-ups, and body armour can be used to absorb gunshots and explosive damage.^[10][14] Players respawn at hospitals when their health depletes.^[15] If players commit crimes, law enforcement may respond as indicated by a "wanted" meter in the head-up display. Stars displayed on the meter indicate the current wanted level; at the maximum six-star level, police helicopters and military swarm to lethally dispatch players.^[8]:{{{1}}} Officers will search for players who leave the wanted vicinity. The meter enters a cool-down mode and eventually recedes when players are hidden from the officers' line of sight.^[8]:{{{1}}}

Players can fight members from enemy gangs to earn their territory.^[8]:{{{1}}}

In the world, gang wars are prompted when players attack rival gang members; the territory is won when players survive three enemy waves. To retain territories, they must be defended from enemy gang attacks.^[8]:{{{1}}} While free roaming the world, players may engage in activities such as burglary, fire fighting, pimping, taxi cab, and vigilante missions.^[8]:{{{1}}} San Andreas introduced role-playing elements to customise CJ's accessories, clothing, hairstyles, and tattoos.^[10][16] Balancing food and physical activity impacts CJ's appearance and physical attributes; eating and exercising maintains health.^[17] Players can learn three styles of hand-to-hand combat—boxing, kickboxing, and kung fu—at gyms in each city.^{[8]:{{{1}}}[18]:{{{1}}}} The game tracks respect among CJ's friends, which varies according to his actions and appearance,^[8]:{{{1}}} and acquired skills such as driving, firearms handling, lung capacity, muscles, and stamina.^{[9][8]:{{{1}}}} Players can date six different girls and take them to dinner, drinks, or dancing.^[8]:{{{1}}} Vehicles can be accessorised with modifications like hydraulics, nitrous oxide engines, and stereo systems.^[8]:{{{1}}}

Plot

In 1992, following his mother's murder in a drive-by shooting, CJ (Young Maylay) returns to Los Santos after five years. He is intercepted by corrupt C.R.A.S.H. officers led by Frank Tenpenny (Samuel L. Jackson), who threatens to implicate CJ in a murder unless he co-operates with them. CJ returns to Grove Street and reunites with his brother Sweet (Faizon Love), sister Kendl (Yolanda Whittaker), and members of his old gang, Big Smoke (Clifton Powell) and Ryder (MC Eiht). Discovering the Grove Street Families (GSF) have lost much of their territory, CJ restores the gang to power by helping to reunite the various GSF sets who had splintered, allying himself with Kendl's boyfriend, Cesar Vialpando (Clifton Collins Jr.), leader of the Aztecas gang. CJ and Cesar witness Smoke and Ryder meeting with Tenpenny and members of the rival Ballas gang, and discover that they had been working with Tenpenny and were responsible for CJ's mother's murder. Suspecting a set-up, CJ rushes to Sweet's aid in a showdown against the Ballas.

Sweet, who was wounded in the ambush, is imprisoned by police while Tenpenny exiles CJ in the countryside. Tenpenny forces CJ to carry out favours that eliminate witnesses who could expose his corruption. CJ also befriends a hippie called the Truth (Peter Fonda) and Triad leader Wu Zi Mu (James Yaegashi). After winning the deed to a garage in San Fierro, CJ sets it up to earn money. While in San Fierro, CJ crosses paths with the Loco Syndicate, Smoke and Ryder's drug connection. CJ infiltrates the organisation and identifies its leader, the mysterious Mike Toreno (James Woods). Along with Cesar and the Triad, CJ kills Ryder and the other Loco Syndicate leaders, and destroys the Syndicate's drug factory. Soon after, CJ is contacted by Toreno, who reveals himself to be a government agent spying on criminal operations. He enlists CJ's help in several shady operations in exchange for Sweet's release from prison. In the meantime, CJ and Wu Zi Mu establish a casino in Las Venturas.

After Sweet's release, he and CJ revive the GSF, driving off the rival gangs from their territory and rebuilding throughout Los Santos. Tenpenny is arrested and tried for several felonies, but the charges are dropped due to lack of witnesses, prompting a city-wide riot. CJ soon discovers Smoke's hideout. The two engage in a gunfight; CJ wins and, before dying, Smoke confesses he got caught up with the power and money. Tenpenny arrives, holding CJ at gunpoint while he steals Smoke's drug money, and causes an explosion in the building. Tenpenny escapes in a fire truck, followed by CJ and Sweet; Tenpenny eventually loses control of the truck, crashing over the side of a bridge. CJ and his friends watch as Tenpenny dies of his injuries. In the aftermath, CJ's family and friends celebrate their success at the Johnson house. In the midst of the celebrations, CJ leaves to check on the neighbourhood.

Development

Leslie Benzies

Dan Houser

Sam Houser

Like the two previous Grand Theft Auto entries, Benzies produced San Andreas with Dan Houser, who also co-wrote the story. Sam Houser, president of Rockstar Games, was executive producer.^[19]:{{{1}}}

Rockstar North began the development of San Andreas following the release of Grand Theft Auto in October 2002. Having two years of development, as opposed to one year for Vice City, gave the team more opportunity to experiment and reevaluate the previous games.^[20] The team wanted to ensure that the elements of the game worked together cohesively so the player felt that "it's from the same game".^[21] Producer Leslie Benzies hoped San Andreas would redefine the Grand Theft Auto series and "revolutionize open-ended gameplay and video game production values".^[22] Rockstar Games's The Warriors, scheduled to release in 2004, was delayed to 2005 to provide additional resources to San Andreas.^[23]

According to the developers, Rockstar North had little turnover since the development of Grand Theft Auto (1997), allowing them to refine their craft.^[24]:{{{1}}} Some developers were concerned about working conditions at Rockstar during the development of San Andreas as they were unable to take an adequate break after Vice City. Programmer Gary Foreman feared that company had entered an "eternal crunch", as some developers worked for 17 hours per day.^[25]:{{{1}}} Some developers had disagreements with Rockstar president Sam Houser, causing them to step away from the development.^[25]:{{{1}}} San Andreas had an estimated budget of under US$10 million.^[26]

Technical and open world design

San Andreas consists of three cities inspired by real locations: Los Santos (based on Los Angeles ), San Fierro (San Francisco ), and Las Venturas (Las Vegas).^{[6][28]:{{{1}}}} Early in development, the team travelled to each city for research and photography,^{[29]:{{{1}}}[30]:{{{1}}}} including Los Angeles's gang territory, which art director Aaron Garbut felt was difficult to capture without first-hand experience.^[20] Rockstar's New York-based research team took thousands of photographs and video.^{[20][29]:{{{1}}}} The exterior map is 36,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi),^[31] about four to six times larger than Grand Theft Auto III and Vice City's;^[28]:{{{1}}} each city in San Andreas is approximately as large as Vice City's entire map.^[32] Garbut faced more difficulty familiarising himself with San Andreas's map than its predecessors'.^[29]:{{{1}}} The team wanted all elements—including packaging and marketing—to maintain a consistent theme to ensure players felt they were connected.^[33]:{{{1}}}

Benzies felt that the developer's relationship with personalities such as Estevan Oriol, Mister Cartoon, and DJ Pooh helped the game's representation of 1990s Los Angeles street culture.^[30] The team wanted to ensure the world did not look too "toy-towny" nor too precise,^[21] seeking "depth" over quantitative size; Garbut wanted players to "feel like [they] can stop at any point and discover new things".^[20] In-game locations were based on real areas, such as Los Santos by Compton, California, and a bridge in San Fierro by the Golden Gate Bridge.^[34] The team were enthusiastic about the inclusion of mountains, forests, and a desert—firsts for the series.^[20][35] San Fierro's hills, representative of San Francisco's, were intended to draw focus towards vehicle gameplay,^[28]:{{{1}}} and the open countryside driving was inspired technically by Rockstar's Smuggler's Run (2002).^[36]:{{{1}}} Producer and co-writer Dan Houser felt returning to Los Santos in the narrative's third act allowed players to view it differently.^[37]:{{{1}}}

San Andreas was built using the game engine RenderWare.^[38]:{{{1}}} Its render pipeline was rewritten for increased graphics and scope,^[21] allowing 35–50% more polygons on screen,^[38]:{{{1}}} real-time reflections and volumetric lighting, and unique models for day and night.^[28]:{{{1}}} According to Garbut, the game's world is built with around 16,000 unique objects and buildings.^[29]:{{{1}}} Several models share a single low-detail model, allow them to be loaded as the player traverses the map instead of loading in one instance when moving between islands like in Vice City. Textures were created at the highest resolution and scaled down for platforms unable to handle them.^[31] A remodel of the game's lighting allowed for different sets during day and night.^[20] The game's driving physics were reworked from its predecessors in consideration of the open areas.^[21] The team borrowed the "sense of physicality" from the gun gameplay in Manhunt (2003) and adapted it the open world formula of Grand Theft Auto;^[39] stealth elements were also inspired by Manhunt.^[33]:{{{1}}} Scripting advancements allowed for new gameplay features not possible in predecessors, such as the casino games.^[31]

Story and characters

San Andreas concluded a trilogy that started with Grand Theft Auto III, allowing Rockstar to explore the 1980s (Vice CityTemplate:--), 1990s (San AndreasTemplate:--) and early 2000s (IIITemplate:--).^[39] The team felt "the world's attention was on California" in the 1990s in regards to news and music, and they felt it translated well to the game.^[38]:{{{1}}} Dan Houser noted that the game's satire was aimed towards the "broader weirdness" of consumerism and action movies of America.^[21] He felt that the writers were frequently attempting to outdo each other in regards to the game's humour.^[21] The team wanted to ensure that the player had the freedom to make choices throughout the game while also maintaining interest in the story.^[21] The team felt that the ability to adjust CJ's weight helped the player to feel as though their actions could have consequences in the game.^[39] Dan Houser felt CJ's customisability allowed players to better connect with the characters.^[28]:{{{1}}} The game's focus on several communities was prompted by the variety of the West Coast in the 1990s.^[39]

Several historical events influenced the game's narrative, including the Rampart scandal of the Los Angeles Police Department,^[40] 1990s crack epidemic, 1992 Los Angeles riots,^[41] and the rivalry between the Bloods and Crips street gangs.^[42] Sam Houser recounted being fascinated by the appearances of street gangs and terrified by their behaviour;^[43] the writers sought to accurately portray gang violence without glorifying it.^[24]:{{{1}}} DJ Pooh was hired to co-write the game from an American perspective.^[25]:{{{1}}} The narrative was influenced by Hollywood films; Dan Houser said the team watched "hundreds of movies to get the California vibe into the game".^[35] The developers referenced Boyz n the Hood (1991), Colors (1988), and Menace II Society (1993) as narrative inspiration, and compared locations to different films: the countryside to Deliverance (1972), San Fierro to Bullitt (1968), and Las Venturas to Casino (1995).^[38]:{{{1}}} Journalists identified references to other films like Juice (1992) and New Jack City (1991).^{[44][45][46][47]}

The game features over 400 speaking actors^[21] and over 60,000 lines of dialogue, including over 7,700^{[lower-alpha 2]} for CJ;^[48] it broke a Guinness World Record for the largest voice cast of any game, featuring 861 credited actors.^[49] Non-player characters each had around an hour of dialogue, in contrast to Vice City's ten minutes.^[38]:{{{1}}} Sam Houser sought an unknown actor for CJ as he found Ray Liotta's performance as Tommy Vercetti in Vice City "conflicting"; he opted to cast celebrities in secondary roles, such as Jackson as Tenpenny, and felt Young Maylay's obscurity in the industry made CJ feel "very, very human".^[50] Rockstar asked Young Maylay to audition after overhearing him speak with DJ Pooh; he was cast in the role—his first acting performance—a few weeks after auditioning.^[51]:{{{1}}} He felt the developers gave him freedom to insert his own personality into CJ.^[52] The team aimed for CJ to be "the most human" character they had developed, ensuring he had "the most intense story around him" to allow players to identify.^[24]:{{{1}}} DJ Pooh compared CJ to Tupac Shakur in that he is fiercely dedicated to his family but becomes "cold-blooded" when necessary.^[53]:{{{1}}}

Music

Rockstar partnered with Interscope Records to create the game's soundtrack.^[54] The in-game radio features eleven radio stations with twenty DJs, and more than three times as many songs and advertisements as Grand Theft Auto III. The radio features were overhauled; instead of looping sounds, each station became dynamic, allowing randomised song order, accurate weather predictions, and story-relevant news announcements.^[55] Michael Hunter wrote the game's main theme.^[56] Interscope published two albums for the game: a two-disc album in November 2004,^[57] and an eight-disc box set in December.^[58] Post-PlayStation 2 versions of the game added an additional radio station supporting a custom, user-imported soundtrack.^[59]

Release and promotion

Rockstar Games commissioned hand-painted advertisements for San Andreas, including in Melbourne.^[60]

In October 2003, Rockstar's parent company Take-Two Interactive announced the next Grand Theft Auto game would release in 2004's third quarter,^[61] and prompted speculation after patenting GTA: San Andreas in December.^[62] Rockstar announced the game in March 2004, scheduled to release on 19 and 22 October in North America and Europe, respectively.^[22] The first details and screenshots were released at E3 in May^[46] alongside a cover story in Game Informer,^[63] followed by the cover art in July.^[64] Rockstar launched the official website and first trailer in August^[65][66] and the second in September.^[67][68] In September, Take-Two announced the game's delay to 26 and 29 October in North America and Europe, respectively, and revealed it would be released for Windows in early 2005.^[69]

Rockstar commissioned hand-painted advertisements for San Andreas around the world in late 2004; one in Melbourne remained partially visible in 2020.^[60] In October 2004, an early version of the game was leaked by hackers;^[70] Rockstar asserted it would "aggressively pursue this matter" and asked for information.^[71] A special edition version of the game was published for the PlayStation 2 on 8 October 2005, to reinstate its Mature 17+ rating, featuring the documentary film Sunday Driver.^[72] It also included The Introduction,^[73] an in-engine video previously provided on a DVD with the game's soundtrack.^[57] The 21-minute video chronicles the events leading up to San Andreas, featuring CJ, Sweet, Big Smoke, Ryder, and Tenpenny.^[74] GameSpot recommended the film for fans of the series;^[75] IGN's Chris Carle enjoyed the voice acting but found the narrative uncompelling and felt the film alone was not worth purchasing the special edition.^[73] Capcom published the game in Japan on 25 January 2007.^[76][77]

Reception

Critical response

Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas received "universal acclaim" from critics, according to review aggregator Metacritic.^[78] It is the fifth-highest-rated PlayStation 2 game on the site.^[85] PSM2's Daniel Dawkins declared it "the single most complete, unique, universe in console history" after The Legend of Zelda (1998) and "the best entertainment console gaming can offer".^[86] Game Informer's Andrew Reiner called it "entertainment at its best"^[82] and GameSpy's Miguel Lopez wrote it reminded him why he plays games: "to be liberated from the constraints of reality, and explore living, breathing worlds".^[87]

Several reviewers considered San Andreas's world an improvement over its predecessors',^[82][84][88] praising the attention to detail in its areas and characters;^[10][89] IGN's Jeremy Dunham cited the differences in each city's weather as a highlight.^[10] 1Up.com's Jeremy Parish considered it "the most complete, complex and detailed environment ever crafted for a game", praising the complexities of the freeway system and social dynamics.^[88] GameSpy's Lopez lauded its accurate imitation of the American West Coast.^[90] Critics considered the graphics an improvement over Vice City,^[89][91] particularly regarding the animations, foliage, lighting, and weather effects;^[9][10][81] PALGN's Chris Sell called it "one of the most visually absorbing games ever".^[84] Criticism was directed at the game's technical issues, with several reviewers encountering pop-up,^[10][84][86] and unstable frame rates;^[9][88][89] some felt the game pushed the PlayStation 2 hardware to its limit.^[88][89]

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The cast's performances received praise, particularly that of (L to R) Samuel L. Jackson, David Cross, and James Woods.^[9][82][92]

Several critics considered the narrative the series' best to date,^[10][84] which Eurogamer's Kristan Reed attributed to its focus on dialogue and scene-setting, both in and out of cutscenes.^[89] 1Up.com's Parish lauded the references to the 1991 assault of Rodney King and the sophisticated writing addressing race in South Central Los Angeles,^[93] and Game Informer's Matt Miller enjoyed the narrative's ridicule of modern culture.^[82] Some reviewers compared the story to Hollywood and similar popular culture;^[82][93] PSM2's Dawkins felt the finale "outstrips the collected work" of filmmakers Jerry Bruckheimer and Don Simpson.^[94] Critics praised the cast's performances, particularly that of Young Maylay, Samuel L. Jackson, James Woods, and David Cross.^[9][82][92] Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine's John Davison considered CJ "possibly one of the most well-developed and believable videogame characters ever made" due to his layered personality and realistic behaviour;^[91] 1Up.com's Parish concurred but felt CJ's kind nature made his in-game actions less believable, a problem that may have been circumvented through a branching narrative.^[93]

Game Informer's Reiner considered gameplay a dramatic improvement over previous entries.^[82] PSM2's Dawkins found the missions were rarely repetitive and blended difficulty with comedy.^[94] GameRevolution's Joe Dodson lauded the freedom provided to players,^[81] while 1Up.com's Parish felt the previous games' improvisation had been removed^[95] and Electronic Gaming Monthly's Dan Hsu thought it could have benefited from branching paths.^[79] The New York Times 's Charles Herold found the game's structure diminished enjoyment of its missions, forcing players to drive long distances and replay extensive sequences upon failing,^[96] a complaint echoed by others.^[81][84][89] Some reviewers criticised the combat targeting (though acknowledged the usefulness of auto-aim)^[10][84][89] and the flight, racing, RC car, and minigame controls.^{[84][89][92][95]} The addition of role-playing elements was praised for its simplicity, subtlety, and effectiveness,^{[9][79][89][97]} though 1Up.com's Parish denounced some missions' statistical prerequisites.^[95]

Windows and Xbox versions

San Andreas's June 2005 release for Windows and Xbox received "universal acclaim" according to Metacritic.^[78] It was the second-highest-rated Windows game of 2005, behind Civilization IV,^[108] and the third-highest-rated Xbox game, behind Ninja Gaiden Black and Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell.^[109]

PALGN's Matt Keller considered the Windows release the best version of the game.^[106] Reviewers lauded the improved graphics,^[106][110] particularly the detailed textures and models, higher draw distance, and improved frame rate, loading times, and anti-aliasing,^{[98][106][111][112]} though some considered the graphics outdated for the platform.^[104][113] PALGN's Keller found the increased population density improved the world's overall atmosphere.^[106] The mouse and keyboard controls were generally praised as an improvement^[112]—over the console versions and the series' previous Windows ports^[106][114]—especially during combat gameplay,^{[11][104][106][115]} though responses to driving controls and keyboard mapping were mixed.^{[98][104][110]} Praise was directed at the custom radio^[98][114] and physical packaging and manual.^[11][115] Some critics bemoaned the lack of changes to the mission structure,^[111][112] and some encountered technical difficulties like sudden and major lagging spikes.^[102][115]

GameZone's Eduardo Zacarias called the Xbox release the "definitive version of the game",^[103] and GameSpy's Will Tuttle considered it better than the original.^[116] Several reviewers praised the improved assets, reflections, shadows, and load times,^{[103][105][116]} as well as the addition of a custom radio station^[105][116] and video replay mode,^[117][118] though GameSpy's Tuttle felt the latter was pointless without the ability to save videos.^[117] Some critics thought the controls had not been improved since the original,^[107][110] and others considered it a downgrade,^[117][118] though GameSpot's Jeff Gerstmann appreciated the Xbox controller's analogue triggers when driving.^[99] Some technical problems occasionally persisted, including pop-up, inconsistent frame rates, and poor aliasing,^{[99][110][118]} and some reviewers bemoaned the lack of significant graphical improvements.^[105][107]

Mobile version

San Andreas's mobile version received "generally favorable" reviews according to Metacritic.^[78] TouchArcade's Eli Hodapp considered it "the best the game has ever been",^[121] while Digital Spy's Scott Nichols said it was "easily the worst way to experience" the game, only recommending that players with newer mobile hardware consider purchasing.^[122] Its US$6.99 price point was praised.^{[119][121][123][124]}

Reviewers praised the port's graphical enhancements, including increased draw distance, improved frame rates and load times, and enhanced models, reflections, shadows, and lighting,^{[120][121][123][124]} though IGN's Leif Johnson found the textures remained dated^[119] and some critics encountered technical issues like pop-up.^[124][125] Digital Spy's Nichols lauded the addition of mid-mission checkpoints,^[122] and TouchArcade's Hodapp found cloud saves the port's best feature.^[121] Responses to the controls were generally positive,^{[120][121][123]} considered an improvement over the series' previous mobile ports,^[124] though critics concurred that playing with a controller improved the experience and better imitated the original versions.^{[119][120][121]}

Accolades

San Andreas won won four of its five nominations at the Spike Video Game Awards, including Game of the Year, Best Action Game, and Best Performance by a Human Male for Jackson as Tenpenny.^[126] It received four nominations at the British Academy Games Awards^[127] and five at the Game Developers Choice Awards;^[128] according to The Guardian , the developers walked out during the latter after winning nothing.^[129] It won five awards at the Golden Joystick Awards, including Ultimate Game of the Year and Hero and Villain for CJ and Tenpenny, respectively,^[130] and received six nominations at the Interactive Achievement Awards, of which it won Outstanding Achievement in Soundtrack and Console Action/Adventure Game of the Year.^[131]

San Andreas was named 2004's best game by GamesMaster^[132] and runner-up by PSM.^[133] It won PlayStation 2 Game of the Year and Best Game Within a Game (for pool) from Electronic Gaming Monthly,^[134] Best PlayStation 2 Game, Best Action Adventure Game, Best Voice Acting, and Funniest Game from GameSpot,^{[135][136][137][138]} Best Action Game and Best Story for PlayStation 2 from IGN,^[139][140] and Best Replay Value and Best Voice Acting from PSM.^[133]

Sales

Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas sold 4.5 million copies in its first week,^[146] outselling Vice City by 45% and boosting overall industry revenue.^[147] In the United States, it sold 2.06 million units within six days of release^[148] and generated US$235 million in revenue in its first week;^[149] it sold 1.5 million units in November, totalling 3.6 million sales overall. Analysts noted the game, alongside Halo 2, led the industry to an 11% annual increase instead of a 21% decrease.^[150] In the United Kingdom, it sold an estimated 677,000 copies and grossed about GB£24 million within two days, setting the record for the most copies sold during a weekend,^[151] and over 1 million copies and GB£35 million in nine days, becoming the country's fast-selling game.^[152] In Australia, it sold over 58,000 copies in its opening weekend, becoming the country's eleventh-best-selling game.^[153]

San Andreas was 2004's best-selling game, with 5.1 million copies sold in the United States,^[154] and over 1.75 million in the United Kingdom.^[155] The game topped the charts upon release in Japan, selling over 227,000 units in its first week.^[156] It was the best-selling game in the United States by April 2008, with over 8.6 million units sold,^[157] and the best-selling PlayStation 2 game with 17.33 million units sold by 2009.^[49] Worldwide sales reached 12 million units by March 2005,^[158] 21.5 million by April 2008^[157] and 27.5 million by 2011.^[159]

Controversies

San Andreas received some criticism for its perceived perpetuation of racial stereotyping.^{[160][161][162][163]} Seeing Black's Esther Iverem condemned the series for "validating a much-too-accepted stereotype, an accepted caricature" as opposed to teaching respect and tolerance.^[163] Dean Chan felt the series' shift in protagonist from Tommy Vercetti (an Italian American) to CJ (an African American) without subverting archetypes made it "complicit in the pathologization and fetishization of race".^{[164]:{{{1}}}} Paul Barrett found the game's disregard and decontextualisation of the structures of institutional racism suggest "that the problems that African Americans experience is due to individual failure", reinforced by the concept that white players can simply experience "black identity".^{[165]:{{{1}}}}

A study in Games and Culture found that youth groups "do not passively receive the games' images and content": white players expressed concern about its racial stereotypes, while African American players used it "as a framework to discuss institutional racism".^{[166]:{{{1}}}} Rachael Hutchinson considered the game "a critical reflection on racial conflict in America" and found several prior criticisms were based on limited viewings instead of the story as a whole.^{[167]:{{{1}}}} Kotaku opined that some interactions in San Andreas could be portrayed as a lack of racism, such as characters conversing without moderating their vocabulary or commenting on others'.^[168] David J. Leonard identified politicians and legislative bodies were more concerned about the game's violent and sexual content than its racial stereotypes.^{[162]:{{{1}}}}

In December 2010, model and singer Michael "Shagg" Washington filed a lawsuit against Rockstar and Take-Two claiming CJ's image was based on his background and likeness, having spoken with Rockstar during development in 2003. He demanded US$250 million in damages, claiming he was entitled to 25% of the game's US$1 billion profits.^[169] Rockstar denied using Washington as inspiration, noting that CJ was based on his actor, Young Maylay.^[169][170] An appellate court judge denied Washington's case in November 2012 based on a lack of evidence linking his background or likeness to CJ's.^[171][172]

Hot Coffee mod

The development team was forced to curtail the game's planned nudity and sexual content to obtain a "Mature" rating from the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB); rather than removing the content, they made it inaccessible to players. Modders discovered the code on the PlayStation 2 release, and when San Andreas was released for Windows, modder Patrick Wildenborg disabled the controls around the code. He released this modified code online under the name "Hot Coffee" after the euphemism used in the game, and it was downloaded over one million times in a span of four weeks.^[173]

The discovery of the "Hot Coffee" minigame resulted in intense legal backlash for Rockstar and Take-Two; both companies remained mostly silent on the matter.^[25]:{{{1}}} The ESRB re-rated the game "Adults Only" after an investigation,^[174] while the game was banned in Australia until the explicit content was removed.^[175] Rockstar and Take-Two received a warning from the Federal Trade Commission for failing to disclose the extent of graphic content present in the game,^[176] while a class action lawsuit alleged that the company had misled customers who believed the game's content fell along the lines of a "Mature" rating.^[177][178] "Hot Coffee" had a major impact on the video game industry,^[173][179] and the ESRB announced fines of up to US$1 million for game developers who failed to disclose the extent of their graphic content.^[180]

Legacy

Critics agreed that San Andreas was among sixth-generation console gaming's most significant titles^[181] and among the best games ever made.^[182] Rockstar established a new narrative continuity for the series with the advent of seventh-generation consoles, focusing more on realism and details, including a full emulation of real-life cities used in settings. With Grand Theft Auto IV (2008), the team focused on increasing the amount and detail of buildings,^[183] removing dead spots and irrelevant spaces.^[184] The focus on realism and depth was continued with Grand Theft Auto V, with the development team re-designing Los Santos, a city in San Andreas;^[185] Dan Houser felt the incorporation of three cities in San Andreas had limited the emulation of Los Angeles, making it more prevalent in Grand Theft Auto V.^[186] Garbut felt San Andreas's rendition of Los Santos was unable to capture Los Angeles properly due to technical limitations, making it feel like a "backdrop or a game level with pedestrians randomly milling about" and effectively deeming it as a jumping-off point for the development of Grand Theft Auto V.^[187]

Several moments from the game became common internet memes, such as Big Smoke's extensive fast food order in 2016^{[188][189][190]} and one of CJ's first lines—"Ah shit, here we go again"—in April 2019.^{[191][192][193]} An early mission, "Wrong Side of the Tracks", became notable for its difficulty; Big Smoke's dialogue upon failing the mission—"All you had to do was follow the damn train, CJ!"—was considered an iconic catchphrase^{[194][195][196]} and later referenced in Grand Theft Auto V.^[197] Modders have been known to frequently insert CJ into other games, such as Dark Souls (2011), The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild (2017), and Street Fighter 6 (2023).^{[198][199][200]}

Ports

Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas was released for Windows and the Xbox on 7 and 10 June 2005 in North America and Europe, respectively,^[201] supporting higher screen resolutions, draw distance, and more detailed textures.^[202] The Xbox version was released for the Xbox 360 on 20 October 2008 as part of Xbox Originals,^[203] and the PlayStation 2 version for the PlayStation 3 on 11 December 2012 as part of PS2 Classics.^[204] The Xbox Originals release was replaced with an enhanced version as part of the game's tenth anniversary on 26 October 2014, featuring higher resolution, enhanced draw distance, a new menu interface, and achievements;^[205] the PS2 Classics release was replaced with this enhanced version on 1 December 2015,^[206] and the PlayStation 2 version was released for the PlayStation 4 on 5 December.^[207]

San Andreas was bundled with predecessors Grand Theft Auto III and Vice City in a compilation titled Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy, released in North America for the Xbox on 8 October 2005,^[72] PlayStation 2 on 4 December 2006,^[208] and Mac OS X on 12 November 2010.^[209] A remastered version of The Trilogy subtitled The Definitive Edition, including Vice City, was released for the Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Windows, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S on 11 November 2021,^[210] and for Android and iOS on 14 December 2023.^[211] Existing versions of the game were removed from digital retailers in preparation for The Definitive Edition,^[210] but later restored as a bundle on the Rockstar Store.^[212]

A mobile port of San Andreas, developed by War Drum Studios,^[1] was released for iOS devices on 12 December 2013,^[213] Android on 19 December,^[214] Windows Phone on 27 January 2014,^[215] and Fire OS on 15 May 2014.^[216] The port featured updated graphics, shadows, and character and vehicle models.^[119] In October 2021, Meta Platforms announced a virtual reality (VR) version of the game was in development for Quest 2^[217] by Video Games Deluxe.^[218] Following the release of the Meta Quest 3 in October 2023, players questioned the status of the VR version and some suspected it may have been quietly cancelled; Meta said it did not have any updates at the time.^[219][220]

Notes

References

External links

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