Linux kernel version history

Short description: Version history of the Linux kernel

This article documents the version history of the Linux kernel, a free, open-source, and Unix-like kernel that is used in many computer systems worldwide.

Since the Linux kernel's creation by Linus Torvalds in 1991, it grew rapidly as many developers contributed to the project.

The kernel became self-hosting as of version 0.11 in December 1991. Linux 1.0.0 was released in March 1994, consisting of over 170,000 lines of source code.

The most recent stable release of the Linux kernel is Script error: No such module "Strip version patch"., released on .

Explanation

In contrast to semantic versioning, the major version carries no intrinsic meaning for the kernel, as Linux promises stable interfaces and behavior even across major versions. Rather, since version 3.x, minor versions are capped around 20, to avoid the false perception that changes between large minor versions (e.g. from X.30 to X.31) would be smaller than changes between X.1 and X.2^[1].

Each feature release – identified by the first two numbers of a release version – is designated one of the following levels of support:

Supported until next stable version and 3 months after that
Long-term support (LTS); maintained for a few years^[2]
Super-long-term support (SLTS); maintained for many more years by the Civil Infrastructure Platform (CIP)^[3]

Overview

<timeline> Define $now = 11/04/2026 Define $width = 1500 Define $warning = 1400 # $width - 100 ImageSize = width:$width height:375 PlotArea = left:45 right:10 bottom:65 top:10 DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1991 till:$now TimeAxis = orientation:hor Alignbars = justify Legend = position:bottom columns:4

Color definitions #

Colors =

 id:Major		value:rgb(0.6,0.6,0.6)
 id:Minor		value:rgb(0.8,0.8,0.8)
 id:DEV		value:rgb(0.8,0.8,0.8)	Legend:Development
 id:SUPPORT		value:rgb(0.6,0.9,0.6)	Legend:Supported
 id:LTS		value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9)	Legend:LTS
 id:CIP		value:rgb(1,0.7,0.4)	Legend:CIP

ScaleMajor = gridcolor:Major unit:year increment:1 start:01/01/1991

hiding bar axis thingies

BarData=

 bar:6.0
 bar:5.0
 bar:4.0
 bar:3.0
 bar:2.6
 bar:2.4
 bar:2.2
 bar:2.0
 bar:1.0

PlotData=

 ##################################################
 # 1.x filled bar ver:0.01-0.99.15                #
 ##################################################
 bar:1.0 width:25 from:17/09/1991 till:13/03/1994 color:DEV mark:(line,black)

 ##################################################
 # 1.x filled bar ver:1.0-patch9                  #
 ##################################################
 bar:1.0 width:25 from:13/03/1994 till:16/04/1994 color:SUPPORT mark:(line,SUPPORT)

 ##################################################
 # 1.x filled bar ver:1.1.0-1.1.95                #
 ##################################################
 bar:1.0 width:25 from:06/04/1994 till:02/03/1995 color:SUPPORT mark:(line,SUPPORT)

 ##################################################
 # 1.x filled bar ver:1.2.0-1.2.13                #
 ##################################################
 bar:1.0 width:25 from:07/03/1995 till:02/08/1995 color:SUPPORT mark:(line,SUPPORT)

 ##################################################
 # 1.x filled bar ver:1.3.0-1.3.100               #
 ##################################################
 bar:1.0 width:25 from:12/06/1995 till:10/05/1996 color:SUPPORT mark:(line,SUPPORT)

 ##################################################
 # 1.x important versions   ver:0.01-1.3.100      #
 ##################################################
 bar:1.0 mark:(line,black) align:center fontsize:S
 at:17/09/1991 text:"0.01" shift:(-12,0)
 at:03/02/1994 text:"0.99.15" shift:(-20,-10)
 at:13/03/1994 text:"1.0" shift:(-12,0)
 at:06/04/1994 text:"1.1.0" shift:(12,0)
 at:07/03/1995 text:"1.2.0" shift:(-12,-10)
 at:12/06/1995 text:"1.3.0" shift:(12,0)
 at:10/05/1996 text:"1.3.100" shift:(18,0)

 ##################################################
 # pre2.0 betavers. pre2.0.1 - pre2.0.14          #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.0 width:25 from:12/05/1996 till:09/06/1996 color:DEV mark:(line,black)

 ##################################################
 # pre2.0 line & text for first & last version    #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.0 mark:(line,black) align:center fontsize:S
 at:12/05/1996 text:"pre2.0.1" shift:(-18,0)

 ##################################################
 # 2.0 filled bar                                 #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.0 width:25 from:09/06/1996 till:14/06/1999 color:SUPPORT mark:(line,SUPPORT)
 
 ##################################################
 # 2.0 "LTS" filled bar                           #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.0 width:25 from:14/06/1999 till:08/02/2004 color:LTS  mark:(line,SUPPORT)

 ##################################################
 # 2.0 line & text for first version every year   #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.0 mark:(line,black) align:center fontsize:S
 at:09/06/1996 text:"2.0" shift:(10,0)
 at:14/01/1997 text:"2.0.28" shift:(18,0)
 at:04/06/1998 text:"2.0.34" shift:(18,0)
 at:14/06/1999 text:"2.0.37" shift:(18,0)
 at:09/01/2001 text:"2.0.39" shift:(18,0)
 at:08/02/2004 text:"2.0.40" shift:(18,0)

 ##################################################
 # 2.0 line for all other versions                #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.0 mark:(line,white)
 at: 03/07/1996 # 2.0.1
 at: 05/07/1996 # 2.0.2
 at: 06/07/1996 # 2.0.3
 at: 08/07/1996 # 2.0.4
 at: 10/07/1996 # 2.0.5
 at: 12/07/1996 # 2.0.6
 at: 15/07/1996 # 2.0.7
 at: 25/07/1996 # 2.0.8
 at: 26/07/1996 # 2.0.9
 at: 27/07/1996 # 2.0.10
 at: 05/08/1996 # 2.0.11
 at: 09/08/1996 # 2.0.12
 at: 16/08/1996 # 2.0.13
 at: 20/08/1996 # 2.0.14
 at: 25/08/1996 # 2.0.15
 at: 31/08/1996 # 2.0.16
 at: 02/09/1996 # 2.0.17
 at: 05/09/1996 # 2.0.18
 at: 11/09/1996 # 2.0.19
 at: 13/09/1996 # 2.0.20
 at: 20/09/1996 # 2.0.21
 at: 08/10/1996 # 2.0.22
 at: 18/10/1996 # 2.0.23
 at: 30/10/1996 # 2.0.24
 at: 08/11/1996 # 2.0.25
 at: 22/11/1996 # 2.0.26
 at: 01/12/1996 # 2.0.27
 at: 07/02/1997 # 2.0.29
 at: 08/04/1997 # 2.0.30
 at: 17/10/1997 # 2.0.31
 at: 18/11/1997 # 2.0.32
 at: 16/12/1997 # 2.0.33
 at: 13/07/1998 # 2.0.35
 at: 16/11/1998 # 2.0.36
 at: 25/08/1999 # 2.0.38

 ##################################################
 # 2.1(dev) betavers. 2.1.0 - 2.2.0pre9          #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.2 width:25 from:30/09/1996 till:26/01/1999 color:DEV mark:(line,black)

 ##################################################
 # 2.1(dev) line & text for first & last version  #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.2 mark:(line,black) align:center fontsize:S
 at:30/09/1996 text:"2.1.0" shift:(-12,0)
 at:21/01/1999 text:"2.2.0pre9" shift:(-20,-10)

 ##################################################
 # 2.2 filled bar                                 #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.2 width:25 from:26/01/1999 till:25/03/2001 color:SUPPORT  mark:(line,SUPPORT)

 ##################################################
 # 2.0 "LTS" filled bar                           #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.2 width:25 from:25/03/2001 till:24/02/2004 color:LTS  mark:(line,SUPPORT)

 ##################################################
 # 2.2 line & text for first version every year   #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.2 mark:(line,black) align:center fontsize:S
 at:26/01/1999 text:"2.2.0" shift:(15,0)
 at:04/01/2000 text:"2.2.14" shift:(18,0)
 at:25/03/2001 text:"2.2.19" shift:(18,0)
 at:20/05/2002 text:"2.2.21" shift:(18,0)
 at:05/03/2003 text:"2.2.24" shift:(18,0)
 at:24/02/2004 text:"2.2.26" shift:(18,0)

 ##################################################
 # 2.2 line for all other versions                #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.2 mark:(line,white)
 at:28/01/1999 # 2.2.1
 at:23/02/1999 # 2.2.2
 at:09/03/1999 # 2.2.3
 at:23/03/1999 # 2.2.4
 at:29/03/1999 # 2.2.5
 at:16/04/1999 # 2.2.6
 at:28/04/1999 # 2.2.7
 at:11/05/1999 # 2.2.8
 at:13/05/1999 # 2.2.9
 at:14/06/1999 # 2.2.10
 at:09/08/1999 # 2.2.11
 at:26/08/1999 # 2.2.12
 at:20/10/1999 # 2.2.13
 at:04/05/2000 # 2.2.15
 at:07/06/2000 # 2.2.16
 at:04/09/2000 # 2.2.17
 at:11/12/2000 # 2.2.18
 at:02/11/2001 # 2.2.20
 at:16/09/2002 # 2.2.22
 at:29/11/2002 # 2.2.23
 at:17/03/2003 # 2.2.25

 ##################################################
 # 2.3(dev) betavers. 2.3.0 - 2.3.99pre9          #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.4 width:25 from:11/05/1999 till:04/01/2001 color:DEV mark:(line,black)

 ##################################################
 # 2.3(dev) line & text for first & last version  #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.4 mark:(line,black) align:center fontsize:S
 at:11/05/1999 text:"2.3.0" shift:(-12,0)
 at:23/05/2000 text:"2.3.99pre9" shift:(-23,-10)

 ##################################################
 # 2.4 filled bar                                 #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.4 width:25 from:04/01/2001 till:13/08/2006 color:SUPPORT  mark:(line,SUPPORT)

 # Last release is 2.4.37.11 released 18/12/2010.
 # According to http://lkml.org/lkml/2010/9/6/15, one year without update would mean end of life.
 # But as with the 2.0,2.2 and 2.6 columns, the column ends with the last base release.
 # EOL confirmed in http://lwn.net/Articles/491245/.

 ##################################################
 # 2.4 LTS filled bar                             #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.4 width:25 from:13/08/2006 till:18/12/2010 color:LTS  mark:(line,SUPPORT)

 ##################################################
 # 2.4 line & text for first version every year   #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.4 mark:(line,black) align:center fontsize:S
 at:04/01/2001 text:"2.4.0" shift:(15,0)
 at:25/02/2002 text:"2.4.18" shift:(18,0)
 at:13/06/2003 text:"2.4.21" shift:(-16,-10)
 at:05/01/2004 text:"2.4.24" shift:(18,0)
 at:19/01/2005 text:"2.4.29" shift:(18,0)
 at:11/08/2006 text:"2.4.33" shift:(18,0)
 at:26/07/2007 text:"2.4.35" shift:(-16,-10)
 at:01/01/2008 text:"2.4.36" shift:(18,0)
 at:02/12/2008 text:"2.4.37" shift:(18,0)
 at:18/12/2010 text:"2.4.37.11" shift:(27,0)

 ##################################################
 # 2.4 line for all other versions                #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.4 mark:(line,white)
 at:30/01/2001 # 2.4.1
 at:22/02/2001 # 2.4.2
 at:30/03/2001 # 2.4.3
 at:28/04/2001 # 2.4.4
 at:26/05/2001 # 2.4.5
 at:04/07/2001 # 2.4.6
 at:20/07/2001 # 2.4.7
 at:11/08/2001 # 2.4.8
 at:16/08/2001 # 2.4.9
 at:23/09/2001 # 2.4.10
 at:09/10/2001 # 2.4.11
 at:11/10/2001 # 2.4.12
 at:24/10/2001 # 2.4.13
 at:05/11/2001 # 2.4.14
 at:23/11/2001 # 2.4.15
 at:26/11/2001 # 2.4.16
 at:21/12/2001 # 2.4.17
 at:03/08/2002 # 2.4.19
 at:28/11/2002 # 2.4.20
 at:25/08/2003 # 2.4.22
 at:28/11/2003 # 2.4.23
 at:18/02/2004 # 2.4.25
 at:14/04/2004 # 2.4.26
 at:07/08/2004 # 2.4.27
 at:17/11/2004 # 2.4.28
 at:04/04/2005 # 2.4.30
 at:01/06/2005 # 2.4.31
 at:16/11/2005 # 2.4.32
 at:23/12/2006 # 2.4.34

 ##################################################
 # 2.5(dev) betavers. 2.5.0-2.5.75 (2.4.15=2.5.0) #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.6 width:25 from:23/11/2001 till:18/12/2003 color:DEV mark:(line,black)

 ##################################################
 # 2.5(dev) line & text for first & last version  #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.6 mark:(line,black) align:center fontsize:S
 at:23/11/2001 text:"2.5.0" shift:(-12,0)
 at:10/07/2003 text:"2.5.75" shift:(-15,-10)

 ##################################################
 # 2.6 filled bar                                 #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.6 width:25 from:18/12/2003 till:03/08/2011 color:SUPPORT  mark:(line,SUPPORT)
 
 ##################################################
 # 2.6 LTS filled bar                             #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.6 width:25 from:03/08/2011 till:12/03/2016 color:LTS  mark:(line,SUPPORT)

 ##################################################
 # 2.6 line & text for first and "LTS" releases   #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.6 mark:(line,black) align:center fontsize:S
 at:18/12/2003 text:"2.6.0" shift:(-9,0)
 at:09/01/2004 text:"2.6.1" shift:(15,-10)
 at:02/03/2005 text:"2.6.11" shift:(17,0)
 at:20/03/2006 text:"2.6.16" shift:(17,0)
 at:09/10/2008 text:"2.6.27" shift:(-17,0)
 at:03/12/2009 text:"2.6.32" shift:(-15,0)
 at:24/02/2010 text:"2.6.33" shift:(-13,-10)
 at:16/05/2010 text:"2.6.34" shift:(19,0)
 at:01/08/2010 text:"2.6.35" shift:(19,-10)
 at:19/05/2011 text:"2.6.39"  shift:(18,0)     # Last 2.6.x
 at:03/08/2011 text:"2.6.39.4" shift:(21,-10)  # Last 2.6.39.x
 at:12/03/2016 text:"2.6.32.71" shift:(25,0)   # Last 2.6.32.x (LTS)

 ##################################################
 # 2.6 line for all other versions                #
 ##################################################
 bar:2.6 mark:(line,white)
 at:04/02/2004 # 2.6.2
 at:18/02/2004 # 2.6.3
 at:11/03/2004 # 2.6.4
 at:04/04/2004 # 2.6.5
 at:10/05/2004 # 2.6.6
 at:16/06/2004 # 2.6.7
 at:14/08/2004 # 2.6.8
 at:18/10/2004 # 2.6.9
 at:24/12/2004 # 2.6.10
 at:17/06/2005 # 2.6.12
 at:29/08/2005 # 2.6.13
 at:28/10/2005 # 2.6.14
 at:03/01/2006 # 2.6.15
 at:18/06/2006 # 2.6.17
 at:20/09/2006 # 2.6.18
 at:29/11/2006 # 2.6.19
 at:04/02/2007 # 2.6.20
 at:26/04/2007 # 2.6.21
 at:08/07/2007 # 2.6.22
 at:09/10/2007 # 2.6.23
 at:24/01/2008 # 2.6.24
 at:17/04/2008 # 2.6.25
 at:13/07/2008 # 2.6.26
 at:24/12/2008 # 2.6.28
 at:23/03/2009 # 2.6.29
 at:10/06/2009 # 2.6.30
 at:09/09/2009 # 2.6.31
 at:20/10/2010 # 2.6.36
 at:05/01/2011 # 2.6.37
 at:15/03/2011 # 2.6.38

 ##################################################
 # 3.0 rc                                         #
 ##################################################
 bar:3.0 width:25 from:29/05/2011 till:22/07/2011 color:DEV mark:(line,black)

 ##################################################
 # 3.0 rc                                         #
 ##################################################
 bar:3.0 mark:(line,black) align:center fontsize:S
 at:29/05/2011 text:"3.0-rc1" shift:(-18,0)

 ##################################################
 # 3.x filled bar                                 #
 ##################################################
 bar:3.0 width:25 from:22/07/2011 till:11/05/2015 color:SUPPORT  mark:(line,SUPPORT)

 ##################################################
 # 3.x LTS filled bar                             #
 ##################################################
 bar:3.0 width:25 from:11/05/2015 till:11/06/2020 color:LTS  mark:(line,SUPPORT)

 ##################################################
 # 3.x line & text for LTS releases               #
 ##################################################
 bar:3.0 mark:(line,black) align:center fontsize:S
 at:22/07/2011 text:"3.0" shift:(10,0)
 at:05/01/2012 text:"3.2" shift:(10,-10)
 at:21/05/2012 text:"3.4" shift:(10,0)
 at:30/06/2013 text:"3.10" shift:(-10,-10)
 at:03/11/2013 text:"3.12" shift:(12,0)
 at:03/08/2014 text:"3.16" shift:(12,-10) # Last 3.16.85 (LTS)
 at:11/05/2015 text:"3.19.8" shift:(18,0)
 at:11/06/2020 text:"3.16.85" shift:(20,0)

 ##################################################
 # 3.x line for all other versions                #
 ##################################################
 bar:3.0 mark:(line,white)
 at:24/10/2011 # 3.1
 at:19/03/2012 # 3.3
 at:21/07/2012 # 3.5
 at:01/10/2012 # 3.6
 at:11/12/2012 # 3.7
 at:19/02/2013 # 3.8
 at:29/04/2013 # 3.9
 at:02/09/2013 # 3.11
 at:20/01/2014 # 3.13
 at:31/03/2014 # 3.14
 at:08/06/2014 # 3.15
 at:05/10/2014 # 3.17
 at:07/12/2014 # 3.18
 at:08/02/2015 # 3.19

 ##################################################
 # 4.0 rc                                         #
 ##################################################
 bar:4.0 width:25 from:22/02/2015 till:12/04/2015 color:DEV mark:(line,black)

 ##################################################
 # 4.0 rc                                         #
 ##################################################
 bar:4.0 mark:(line,black) align:center fontsize:S
 at:22/02/2015 text:"4.0-rc1" shift:(-15,0)

 ##################################################
 # 4.x filled bar                                 #
 ##################################################
 bar:4.0 width:25 from:12/04/2015 till:19/03/2019 color:SUPPORT  mark:(line,SUPPORT)

 ##################################################
 # 4.x LTS filled bar                             #
 ##################################################
 bar:4.0 width:25 from:19/03/2019 till:05/12/2024 color:LTS  mark:(line,SUPPORT)

 ##################################################
 # 4.x CIP filled bar                             #
 ##################################################
 bar:4.0 width:25 from:05/12/2024 till:$now color:CIP  mark:(line,SUPPORT)

 ##################################################
 # 4.x line & text for LTS releases               #
 ##################################################
 bar:4.0 mark:(line,black) align:center fontsize:S
 at:12/04/2015 text:"4.0" shift:(10,-10)
 at:22/06/2015 text:"4.1" shift:(10,0)
 at:10/01/2016 text:"4.4" shift:(10,0)
 at:11/12/2016 text:"4.9" shift:(10,0)
 at:12/11/2017 text:"4.14" shift:(12,0)
 at:22/10/2018 text:"4.19" shift:(-12,-10)
 at:19/03/2019 text:"4.20.17" shift:(20,0)
 at:05/12/2024 text:"4.19.325" shift:(22,0)

 ##################################################
 # 4.x line for all other versions                #
 ##################################################
 bar:4.0 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:S
 at:30/08/2015 # 4.2
 at:01/11/2015 # 4.3
 at:13/03/2016 # 4.5
 at:15/05/2016 # 4.6
 at:24/07/2016 # 4.7
 at:25/09/2016 # 4.8
 at:19/02/2017 # 4.10
 at:30/04/2017 # 4.11
 at:02/07/2017 # 4.12
 at:03/09/2017 # 4.13
 at:28/01/2018 # 4.15
 at:01/04/2018 # 4.16
 at:03/06/2018 # 4.17
 at:12/08/2018 # 4.18
 at:23/12/2018 # 4.20

 ##################################################
 # 5.0 rc                                         #
 ##################################################
 bar:5.0 width:25 from:06/01/2019 till:03/03/2019 color:DEV mark:(line,black)

 ##################################################
 # 5.0 rc                                         #
 ##################################################
 bar:5.0 mark:(line,black) align:center fontsize:S
 at:06/01/2019 text:"5.0-rc1" shift:(-15,0)

 ##################################################
 # 5.x filled bar                                 #
 ##################################################
 bar:5.0 width:25 from:03/03/2019 till:27/10/2022 color:SUPPORT  mark:(line,SUPPORT)

 ##################################################
 # 5.x LTS filled bar                             #
 ##################################################
 bar:5.0 width:25 from:27/10/2022 till:$now color:LTS  mark:(line,SUPPORT)

 ##################################################
 # 5.x line & text for LTS releases               #
 ##################################################
 bar:5.0 mark:(line,black) align:center fontsize:S
 at:03/03/2019 text:"5.0" shift:(10,0)
 at:24/11/2019 text:"5.4" shift:(10,0)
 at:13/12/2020 text:"5.10" shift:(12,0)
 at:31/10/2021 text:"5.15" shift:(12,0)
 at:27/10/2022 text:"5.19.17" shift:(20,0)

 ##################################################
 # 5.x line for all other versions                #
 ##################################################
 bar:5.0 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:S
 at:05/05/2019 # 5.1
 at:07/07/2019 # 5.2
 at:15/09/2019 # 5.3
 at:26/01/2020 # 5.5
 at:29/03/2020 # 5.6
 at:31/05/2020 # 5.7
 at:02/08/2020 # 5.8
 at:11/10/2020 # 5.9
 at:14/02/2021 # 5.11
 at:25/04/2021 # 5.12
 at:27/06/2021 # 5.13
 at:29/08/2021 # 5.14
 at:09/01/2022 # 5.16
 at:20/03/2022 # 5.17
 at:22/05/2022 # 5.18
 at:31/07/2022 # 5.19

 ##################################################
 # 6.0 rc                                         #
 ##################################################
 bar:6.0 width:25 from:14/08/2022 till:$now color:DEV mark:(line,black)

 ##################################################
 # 6.0 rc                                         #
 ##################################################
 bar:6.0 mark:(line,black) align:center fontsize:S
 at:14/08/2022 text:"6.0-rc1" shift:(-15,0)

 ##################################################
 # 6.x filled bar                                 #
 ##################################################
 bar:6.0 width:25 from:02/10/2022 till:$now color:SUPPORT mark:(line,SUPPORT)

 ##################################################
 # 6.x line & text for LTS releases               #
 ##################################################
 bar:6.0 mark:(line,black) align:center fontsize:S
 at:02/10/2022 text:"6.0" shift:(10,-10)
 at:11/12/2022 text:"6.1" shift:(10,0)
 at:30/10/2023 text:"6.6" shift:(10,0)
 at:17/11/2024 text:"6.12" shift:(12,0)
 at:01/12/2025 text:"6.18" shift:(5,0)

 ##################################################
 # 6.x line for all other versions                #
 ##################################################
 bar:6.0 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:S
 at:19/02/2023 # 6.2
 at:23/04/2023 # 6.3
 at:25/06/2023 # 6.4
 at:27/08/2023 # 6.5
 at:08/01/2024 # 6.7
 at:10/03/2024 # 6.8
 at:12/05/2024 # 6.9
 at:14/07/2024 # 6.10
 at:15/09/2024 # 6.11
 at:12/01/2025 # 6.13
 at:24/03/2025 # 6.14
 at:25/05/2025 # 6.15
 at:28/07/2025 # 6.16
 at:29/09/2025 # 6.17
 at:01/12/2025 # 6.18

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Ref: http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/

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Releases 7.x.y

On February 8 2026 Linus Torvalds announced that the next kernel release will be published as version 7.0. Considering the usual release cycle of about two months for every new version, kernel 7.0 is expected to be released in April 2026.

Version	Original release date	Last release	Maintainer	EOL	Prominent features	Notes
7.0	TBA

Releases 6.x.y

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</timeline>

Version	Original release date	Last release	Maintainer	EOL	Prominent features	Notes
6.19	08 February 2026^[4]		Linus Torvalds
6.18	30 November 2025^[5]	6.18.13	Greg Kroah-Hartman	December 2028^[6]^[7]	Improved kernel memory allocation performance with slub sheaves^[8] A device mapper target for persistent cache^[9] Process Namespaces as file handles^[10] Support for Accurate Explicit Congestion Notification in TCP^[11] Add support for PSP encryption of TCP connections^[12]^[13] Better swapping performance^[14]^[15]^[16] UDP receive performance improvements^[11] BPF signed programs^[17] More scalable NFS servers by removing caching^[11] Introduction of memdesc_flags_t, for a future leaner struct page^[18]^[19] Remove bcachefs core code^[20]	26th LTS release^[21]
6.17	28 September 2025^[22]	6.17.13^[23]		18 December 2025	Easier CPU bug mitigation selection^[24]^[25] New file_getattr/file_setattr system calls^[26] Better and more secure core dumping^[27] Initial priority inheritance support for solving priority inversion^[28] Unconditionally compile task scheduler with SMP support^[29] Per NUMA node proactive reclaim, for better control of memory reclaim on NUMA systems^[26] Introduce a new fallocate(2) flag, for more efficient writing of zeroes^[26] Runtime Verification: Support for Linear temporal logic monitors^[30]^[31]^[32] Change bcachefs status from 'Supported' to 'Externally maintained'^[33]
6.16	27 July 2025^[34]	6.16.12^[35]		12 October 2025	XFS support for large atomic writes^[36] USB audio offload support^[37] Initial support for Intel Trusted Domain Extensions^[38]^[39] Allow to zero-copy send TCP payloads from DMABUF memory^[40]^[41] Automatic weighted interleaved memory allocation policy^[42] Support for Intel Advanced Performance Extensions^[43] Add support for sending coredumps over an AF UNIX socket^[27] Futex improvements^[44] Some Ext4 performance improvements^[45] Build optimization for the local CPU on x86^[37]
6.15	25 May 2025^[46]	6.15.11^[47]		20 August 2025	Btrfs: fast Zstd compression support^[48]
6.14	24 March 2025^[49]	6.14.11^[21]		10 June 2025^[50]	Improved Wine speed^[51]^[52] Copilot keyboard key support^[53]
6.13	20 January 2025^[54]	6.13.12^[55]		20 April 2025^[56]	New handheld support Intel Arc B series support
6.12	17 November 2024^[57]	6.12.74		December 2028^[6]^[7]	Real-time support for x86/x86_64, RISC-V, and ARM64^[58] Userspace scheduler extensions support^[59] QR codes for DRM panic messages^[58]	25th LTS release^[21] 5th SLTS with 10 years of support through 2035.^[60] Used in Debian 13 "Trixie"^[61]^[62] and RHEL 10.0 ^[63]
6.11	15 September 2024^[64]	6.11.11^[65]		5 December 2024^[65]	Atomic writes support for buffered I/O^[66] Dedicated bucket slab allocator to help protect against heap spraying^[67] vDSO implementation of getrandom()^[67]
6.10	14 July 2024^[68]	6.10.14^[55]	Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin	10 October 2024^[69]	Memory-allocation profiling^[70] Encrypted interactions with trusted platform modules^[70]	Named "Baby Opossum Posse"^[71]The one last minute change was made in the credits of the ReiserFS README as requested by the original developer.^[72]
6.9	12 May 2024^[73]	6.9.10^[55]		27 July 2024^[74]	Improved performance for Intel Core Ultra (Meteor Lake)^[75] Support for AMD P-State Preferred Cores^[75] Intel FRED (Flexible Return Event Delivery)^[75] Support for larger console frame-buffer fonts for 4K displays^[75] Faster boot times for systems with lots of RAM and using HugeTLBs^[75] DM VDO (Device Mapper Virtual Data Optimizer) mainlined^[75] Hibernate LZ4 compression support^[76]
6.8	10 March 2024^[77]	6.8.12^[55]		30 May 2024^[78]	Deadline servers for better realtime scheduling^[79] Multi-size transparent huge pages for anonymous memory^[80] Two new syscalls for better mount management: listmount() and statmount()^[81] Data type profiling with perf^[82] Forbid users from writing to partitions used by filesystems^[83] New system calls to deal with multiple stacked LSMs^[84] Driver for new Intel Xe graphics^[85]	Used in Ubuntu 24.04 LTS^[86]
6.7	7 January 2024^[87]	6.7.12^[55]		3 April 2024	Initial Bcachefs filesystem support^[88] Itanium support removed^[88] Intel Meteor Lake Graphics declared stable^[88] Initial Nouveau support for Nvidia GSP firmware^[88] Ability to disable IA-32 support at boot time on AMD64^[89] Expansion of AMD Seamless Boot Support^[89] Improvement in loading of x86 microcode^[89] Support for RAID stripe tree, simple quota accounting, and temporary FSID added to Btrfs^[90] JFS minor stability improvements^[89]	According to Linus Torvalds, "one of the largest kernel releases we've ever had"^[88]
6.6	29 October 2023^[91]	6.6.127^[55]		December 2027^[6]^[7]	The new EEVDF process scheduler was merged. It aims to replace the CFS scheduler. Intel Shadow Stack was finally merged; Exploiting ROPs is now harder Support for Partial SMT Performance Improvement for CPUs with a lot of cores and shared Last Level Caches Continued Intel Meteor Lake graphics and sound enablement/improvements. Better performance for Ext4; io uring also seeing cool improvements DEFLATE compression support for EROFS.	24th LTS release The CFS scheduler was the de facto standard for 16+ years ReiserFS is now declared to be obsolete and flagged for removal in 2025.
6.5	27 August 2023^[92]	6.5.13^[55]		28 November 2023^[93]	Initial USB4 v2.0 support^[94] MIDI 2.0 support^[94]
6.4	25 June 2023^[95]	6.4.16^[55]		13 September 2023^[96]	Intel Linear Address Masking^[97] Partial support for Apple M2^[98] Autonomous frequency and power control on AMD Zen architecture CPUs^[99] Support for RISC-V hibernation on future laptops^[98] Improvements for LoongArch CPU architecture^[98] Further Intel Meteor Lake Graphics development^[98] 4K resolution support for Rockchip Direct Rendering Manager driver^[98] Better AMDgpu support for the Steam Deck^[98] Optimizations to EROFS, Btrfs, F2FS, NTFS, and Ext4^[98] Support for Intel Lunar Lake HD Audio^[98] Continued Wi-Fi 7 development^[98] Quality of life improvements for Apple silicon users^[98] Further Rust up-streaming to support the first Rust drivers^[98] Removal of SLOB memory allocator^[98]
6.3	23 April 2023^[100]	6.3.13^[55]		11 July 2023^[101]	Even more Rust in the kernel Initial Support for Intel Meteor Lake Display Intel Meteor Lake VPUs ("Versatile Processing Unit") support AMD Automatic IBRS Intel TPMI driver was merged, hopes are this will give more control over power management. Big Performance Improvement for EXT4. Nice Improvements for BTRFS too IPv4 BIG TCP support, maybe better network performance Microsoft Hyper-V nested hypervisor support. Faster kernel builds and with lower peak memory use. Removed support for the Intel ICC compiler.
6.2	19 February 2023^[102]	6.2.16^[55]		17 May 2023^[103]	Intel Arc drivers are now deemed "stable" and on by default. Initial FOSS support for NVIDIA GeForce 30 Series. But performance is poor for now. Support for Apple's M1 Call Depth Tracking as a better performance alternative to IBRS for older Intel CPUs Some Power-savings improvements when the system is idle or lightly loaded. Support for running Raspberry Pi in 4K@60Hz Better performance and scalability for running RAID5/6 in btrfs-like systems More Rust in the kernel
6.1	6.1.164^[55]	December 2027^[2] August 2033^[104]		Support for writing kernel modules in Rust^[105] Multi-Gen LRU page reclaiming^[106] (not yet enabled by default) Btrfs performance improvements^[107] Support for more sound hardware Improved support for game controllers^[108]	23rd LTS release Used in Debian 12 "Bookworm"^[109] 4th SLTS release (which CIP^[110] is planning^[104] to support until August 2033) 6.1.28 is named Curry Ramen^[111]
6.0	2022^[112]	6.0.19^[113]		January 2023^[113]	Performance improvements on Intel Xeon 'Ice Lake', AMD Ryzen 'Threadripper', AMD EPYC^[114] New hardware support including Intel, AMD, Qualcomm^[115]	Named "Hurr durr I'ma [sic] ninja sloth"^[116]
{{{2}}}

Releases 5.x.y

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Version	Original release date	Last release	Maintainer	EOL	Prominent features
5.19	Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin^[2]	October 2022^[117]	Initial support for LoongArch^[118]^[119] Support for Big TCP^[118]^[119] More secure encrypted virtualization with AMD SEV-SNP and Intel TDX^[118]^[119] Armv9 Scalable Matrix Extension support^[119] Introduce Intel In-Field Scan driver to run targeted low level diagnostics outside of the CPU's architectural error detection capabilities^[118] a.out support removed^[120]
5.18		August 2022^[121]	Support for Indirect Branch Tracking^[122] on Intel CPUs^[123] User events^[124] fprobe, for probing multiple functions with a single probe handler^[125] Headers rearchitecturing preparations for faster compilation times^[126] Stricter memcpy() compile-time bounds checking^[127] Switch to C11^[128]
5.17		June 2022^[129]	BPF CO-RE support^[130]^[131] Random number generator improvements^[132] New Real-Time Linux Analysis (RTLA) tool^[133] Support giving names to anonymous memory^[134] Mitigate straight-line speculation attacks^[135]	Used in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS on newer hardware^[136] Named Superb Owl^[137]
5.16		April 2022^[138]	New futex_waitv() system call for faster game performance^[139] Memory folios infrastructure for a faster memory management^[140] Add support for AMX instructions^[141] Improve write congestion^[142]
5.15		5.15.201^[55]	December 2026^[2]	New experimental^[143] NTFS file system implementation ksmbd, an in-kernel SMB 3 server Migrate memory pages to persistent memory in lieu of discard^[144] DAMON, a data access monitor Introduce process_mrelease(2) system call^[145]	22nd LTS release; used in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, Slackware 15,^[146] UEK 7^[147] Named Trick or Treat^[148]
5.14	Greg Kroah-Hartman	November 2021^[149]		Used in RHEL 9.x and derivatives^[150] (Red Hat ignores LTS-Kernel, own kernel-backports) and SLE 15 SP4/openSUSE Leap 15.4
5.13	Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin	September 2021^[151]	Support for Zstd compressed modules^[152] Landlock Linux security module^[153]	Named Opossums on Parade
5.12	Greg Kroah-Hartman	July 2021^[154]
5.11	Greg Kroah-Hartman	May 2021^[155]		Named "💕 Valentine's Day Edition 💕"^[156]
5.10	5.10.251^[55]	Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin^[2]	December 2026^[2]^[157] January 2031^[104]	Support for ARM64 memory tagging extension (MTE)^[158]	21st LTS release; used in Debian 11 "Bullseye"^[159] 3rd SLTS release (which CIP^[160] is planning^[104] to support until January 2031) Named "Dare mighty things"^[161]
5.9	Greg Kroah-Hartman	December 2020^[162]
5.8		November 2020^[163]
5.7		August 2020^[164]
5.6		June 2020^[165]	Initial USB4 support^[166] Year 2038 fix for 32-bit systems^[166] WireGuard
5.5		April 2020^[167]
5.4	5.4.302^[55]	Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin^[2]	December 2025^[2]		20th LTS release, used in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 5.4-rc2 is named Nesting Opossum^[168] 5.4-rc5 is named Kleptomaniac Octopus^[169]
5.3	Greg Kroah-Hartman	December 2019^[170]
5.2		October 2019^[171]		5.2-rc2 is named Golden Lions^[172]^[173] 5.2 is named Bobtail Squid^[174]
5.1		July 2019^[175]	io uring API, a new way to do asynchronous I/O (AIO),^[176] the older API/interface "aio" had problems and performance issues.
5.0		June 2019^[177]
{{{2}}}

Releases 4.x.y

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 color:DEV	from:16/09/2017	till:12/11/2017	text:4.14.x
 color:LTS	from:12/11/2017	till:01/02/2024
bar:4.13
 color:DEV	from:15/07/2017	till:03/09/2017	text:4.13.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:03/09/2017	till:24/11/2017
bar:4.12
 color:DEV	from:13/05/2017	till:02/07/2017	text:4.12.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:02/07/2017	till:20/09/2017
bar:4.11
 color:DEV	from:05/03/2017	till:30/04/2017	text:4.11.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:30/04/2017	till:21/07/2017
bar:4.10
 color:DEV	from:25/12/2016	till:19/02/2017	text:4.10.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:19/02/2017	till:20/05/2017
bar:4.9
 color:DEV	from:15/10/2016	till:11/12/2016	text:4.9.x
 color:LTS	from:11/12/2016		till:07/01/2023
bar:4.8
 color:DEV	from:07/08/2016	till:02/10/2016	text:4.8.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:02/10/2016	till:09/01/2017
bar:4.7
 color:DEV	from:29/05/2016	till:24/07/2016	text:4.7.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:24/07/2016	till:22/10/2016
bar:4.6
 color:DEV	from:26/03/2016	till:15/05/2016	text:4.6.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:15/05/2016	till:16/08/2016
bar:4.5
 color:DEV	from:24/01/2016	till:13/03/2016	text:4.5.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:13/03/2016	till:07/06/2016
bar:4.4
 color:DEV	from:15/11/2015	till:10/01/2016	text:4.4.x
 color:LTS	from:10/01/2016	till:01/03/2022
 color:CIP from:01/03/2022 till:01/01/2027
 # https://www.kernel.org/category/releases.html
bar:4.3
 color:DEV	from:12/09/2015	till:01/11/2015	text:4.3.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:01/11/2015	till:19/02/2016
bar:4.2
 color:DEV	from:05/07/2015	till:30/08/2015	text:4.2.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:30/08/2015	till:14/12/2015
bar:4.1
 color:DEV	from:27/04/2015	till:21/06/2015	text:4.1.x
 color:LTS	from:21/06/2015	till:27/05/2018
bar:4.0
 color:DEV	from:22/02/2015	till:12/04/2015	text:4.0.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:12/04/2015	till:21/07/2015
 # https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/refs/tags

</timeline>

Version	Original release date	Last release	Maintainer	EOL	Prominent features
4.20	Greg Kroah-Hartman	March 2019^[178]		Named Shy Crocodile^[179]
4.19	4.19.325^[55] 4.19.325-cip124^[180]	Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin^[2] Ulrich Hecht & Pavel Machek^[104]	December 2024^[2]^[181] January 2029^[104]		19th LTS release. Used in Debian 10 "Buster".^[182] Second SLTS release (which CIP is planning^[104] to support until January 2029).^[183] Named "People's Front"^[184]
4.18	Greg Kroah-Hartman	November 2018^[185]		RHEL 8.x (Red Hat ignores LTS-Kernel, own kernel-backports)
4.17		August 2018^[186]		Named Merciless Moray^[187]
4.16		June 2018^[188]
4.15		April 2018^[189]		Used in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
4.14	Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin^[2]	January 2024^[190]	Zstd compression for Btrfs and Squashfs^[191]	18th LTS release 4.14.1 is named Petit Gorille^[192]
4.13	Greg Kroah-Hartman	November 2017^[193]
4.12		September 2017^[194]	BFQ I/O scheduler^[195] Kyber I/O scheduler^[195] USB-C support^[195]
4.11		July 2017^[196]
4.10		May 2017^[197]		4.10-rc5 was named Anniversary Edition^[198] 4.10-rc6 was named Fearless Coyote^[199]
4.9	4.9.337^[55]	Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin^[2]		17th LTS release. Used in Debian 9 "Stretch".^[200] Named Roaring Lionus^[201]^[202]
4.8	Greg Kroah-Hartman	January 2017^[203]
4.7		October 2016^[204]	Schedutil governor^[205] Async discard support^[206] EFI bootloader control driver^[207]	Named Psychotic Stoned Sheep^[208]
4.6		August 2016^[209]		Named Charred Weasel^[210]
4.5		June 2016^[211]
4.4 4.4.302-cip103^[180]	Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin^[2] Ulrich Hecht & Pavel Machek^[104]	February 2022^[212] January 2027^[104]		16th LTS release, used in Slackware 14.2.^[213] Canonical provided extended support until April 2021.^[214] As the first kernel selected for Super Long Term Support (SLTS), the Civil Infrastructure Platform will provide support until at least 2026.^[3] Used in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
4.3	Greg Kroah-Hartman	February 2016^[215]		Named Blurry Fish Butt^[216]^[217]
4.2	Greg Kroah-Hartman	December 2015^[218]		Canonical provided extended support until July 2016.^[219]^[220]
4.1	4.1.52^[221]	May 2018^[221]		15th LTS release. 4.1.1 was named Series 4800^[222]
4.0	Greg Kroah-Hartman	July 2015^[223]	Initial live patching support^[224] lazytime mount option^[224]	Named "Hurr durr I'ma [sic] sheep"^[225] (Internet poll)
{{{2}}}

Releases 3.x.y

The jump from 2.6.x to 3.x wasn't because of a breaking update, but rather the first release of a new versioning scheme introduced as a more convenient system.^[226]

ImageSize = width:960 height:375 PlotArea = right:0 left:0 bottom:32 top:24 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/2011 till:01/07/2020 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal Legend = left:5 top:15 columnwidth:115

Colors =

id:Minor		value:rgb(0.8,0.8,0.8)
id:Major		value:rgb(0.6,0.6,0.6)
id:DEV		value:rgb(0.8,0.8,0.8)	Legend:Development
id:SUPPORT		value:rgb(0.6,0.9,0.6)	Legend:Supported
id:LTS		value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9)	Legend:LTS

BackgroundColors = canvas:white ScaleMinor = gridcolor:Minor unit:year increment:1 start:01/07/2011 ScaleMajor = gridcolor:Major unit:year increment:1 start:01/01/2012

PlotData =

width:14 textcolor:black shift:(5,-5) anchor:from fontsize:M

bar:3.19
 color:DEV	from:20/12/2014	till:08/02/2015	text:3.19.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:08/02/2015	till:11/05/2015
bar:3.18
 color:DEV	from:19/10/2014	till:07/12/2014	text:3.18.x
 color:LTS	from:07/12/2014	till:16/05/2019
bar:3.17
 color:DEV	from:16/08/2014	till:05/10/2014	text:3.17.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:05/10/2014	till:08/01/2015
bar:3.16
 color:DEV	from:15/06/2014	till:03/08/2014	text:3.16.x
 color:LTS	from:03/08/2014	till:11/06/2020
bar:3.15
 color:DEV	from:13/04/2014	till:08/06/2014	text:3.15.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:08/06/2014	till:14/08/2014
bar:3.14
 color:DEV	from:02/02/2014	till:30/03/2014	text:3.14.x
 color:LTS	from:30/03/2014	till:11/09/2016
bar:3.13
 color:DEV	from:22/11/2013	till:19/01/2014	text:3.13.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:19/01/2014	till:22/04/2014
bar:3.12
 color:DEV	from:16/09/2013	till:03/11/2013	text:3.12.x
 color:LTS	from:03/11/2013	till:09/05/2017
bar:3.11
 color:DEV	from:14/07/2013	till:02/09/2013	text:3.11.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:02/09/2013	till:29/11/2013
bar:3.10
 color:DEV	from:11/05/2013	till:30/06/2013	text:3.10.x
 color:LTS	from:30/06/2013	till:04/11/2017
bar:3.9
 color:DEV	from:03/03/2013	till:28/04/2013	text:3.9.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:28/04/2013	till:20/07/2013
bar:3.8
 color:DEV	from:21/12/2012	till:18/02/2013	text:3.8.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:18/02/2013	till:11/05/2013
bar:3.7
 color:DEV	from:14/10/2012	till:10/12/2012	text:3.7.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:10/12/2012	till:27/02/2013
bar:3.6
 color:DEV	from:02/08/2012	till:30/09/2012	text:3.6.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:30/09/2012	till:17/12/2012
bar:3.5
 color:DEV	from:02/06/2012	till:21/07/2012	text:3.5.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:21/07/2012	till:13/10/2012
bar:3.4
 color:DEV	from:31/03/2012	till:20/05/2012	text:3.4.x
 color:LTS	from:20/05/2012	till:26/10/2016
bar:3.3
 color:DEV	from:19/01/2012	till:18/03/2012	text:3.3.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:18/03/2012	till:01/06/2012
bar:3.2
 color:DEV	from:07/11/2011	till:04/01/2012	text:3.2.x
 color:LTS	from:04/01/2012	till:01/06/2018
bar:3.1
 color:DEV	from:07/08/2011	till:24/10/2011	text:3.1.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:24/10/2011	till:18/01/2012
bar:3.0
 color:DEV	from:29/05/2011	till:21/07/2011	text:3.0.x
 color:LTS	from:21/07/2011	till:22/10/2013

</timeline>

Version	Original release date	Last release	Maintainer	EOL	Prominent features
3.19	Greg Kroah-Hartman	May 2015^[227]		Canonical provided extended support until July 2016.^[219]^[228]
3.18	OverlayFS^[229] eBPF^[230] DCTCP support^[229]	14th LTS release, named Diseased Newt^[231]
3.17	Greg Kroah-Hartman	January 2015^[232]
3.16	3.16.85^[233]	Ben Hutchings^[2]^[234] (formerly Greg Kroah-Hartman)		13th LTS release. Was used in Debian 8 "Jessie".^[235] Canonical provided extended support until April 2016.^[219]^[236] 3.16.1 was named Museum of Fishiegoodies^[237]
3.15	Greg Kroah-Hartman	August 2014^[238]	LZ4 compression support for zram^[239]
3.14	Greg Kroah-Hartman^[2]	August 2016^[240]	zram support^[241]	12th LTS release, named Shuffling Zombie Juror^[242]
3.13	Greg Kroah-Hartman	April 2014^[243]		Canonical provided extended support until April 2016.^[219]^[244] Named One Giant Leap for Frogkind^[245] (NASA LADEE launch photo)^[246] Used in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
3.12	3.12.74^[247]	May 2017^[248]^[247]		11th LTS release, named Suicidal Squirrel^[249]
3.11	Greg Kroah-Hartman	November 2013^[250]	zswap support^[251]	Canonical provided extended support until August 2014.^[219] Named Linux for Workgroups after the 20 years of Windows 3.11^[252]
3.10	3.10.108^[253]	Willy Tarreau^[2]^[254] (formerly Greg Kroah-Hartman)	November 2017^[253]	bcache support^[255]	10th LTS release, 3.10.6 was named TOSSUG Baby Fish^[256]^[257]^[258] used in Slackware 14.1^[259] RHEL 7.x
3.9	Greg Kroah-Hartman	July 2013^[260]	dm-cache support^[261] suspend-freeze^[262] Intel P-state support^[263]	3.9.6 was named Black Squirrel Wakeup Call^[264]
3.8	Greg Kroah-Hartman	May 2013^[265]	F2FS file system^[266] i386 support removed^[267]	Canonical provided extended support until August 2014.^[219]^[268] Named Unicycling Gorilla^[269]^[270] 3.8.5 was named Displaced Humerus Anterior^[271]
3.7	Greg Kroah-Hartman	March 2013^[272]^[273]	ARM64 support^[274]	Named Terrified Chipmunk^[275]^[276]
3.6	Greg Kroah-Hartman	December 2012^[277]	Initial support of send/receive and sub-volume quotas for Btrfs^[278]	Named Terrified Chipmunk^[275]^[276]
3.5	Greg Kroah-Hartman	October 2012^[279]		Canonical provided extended support until April 2014.^[219]^[280]
3.4	3.4.113^[281]	October 2016^[282]		9th LTS release
3.3	Greg Kroah-Hartman	June 2012^[283]
3.2	3.2.102^[284]	Ben Hutchings^[2]^[285]	May 2018^[286]		8th LTS release, used in Ubuntu 12.04 LTS^[287] and optionally in 12.04 ESM,^[288] Debian 7 "Wheezy" and Slackware 14.0.^[2]^[285] Canonical promised to (at least) provide long-term support until April 2017;^[219] Support has continued for months after. 3.2 to 3.5 was named Saber-toothed Squirrel^[289]
3.1	Greg Kroah-Hartman	January 2012^[290]		3.1 provided the base for real-time tree. 3.1-rc2 was named Wet Seal 3.1 was named Divemaster Edition^[291] (Linus' diving activities)
3.0	Greg Kroah-Hartman^[292]	October 2013^[293]^[292]	Btrfs: automatic defragmentation and scrubbing support^[294]	7th LTS release Named Sneaky Weasel^[295]^[296]
{{{2}}}

Releases 2.6.x.y

Versions 2.6.16 and 2.6.27 of the Linux kernel were unofficially given long-term support (LTS),^[297] before a 2011 working group in the Linux Foundation started a formal long-term support initiative.^[298]^[299]

<timeline> ImageSize = width:960 height:550 PlotArea = right:0 left:0 bottom:32 top:24 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/07/2001 till:01/04/2017 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal Legend = left:5 top:15 columnwidth:115

Colors =

id:Minor		value:rgb(0.8,0.8,0.8)
id:Major		value:rgb(0.6,0.6,0.6)
id:DEV		value:rgb(0.8,0.8,0.8)	Legend:Development
id:SUPPORT		value:rgb(0.6,0.9,0.6)	Legend:Supported
id:LTS		value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9)	Legend:LTS

BackgroundColors = canvas:white ScaleMinor = gridcolor:Minor unit:year increment:1 start:01/07/2002 ScaleMajor = gridcolor:Major unit:year increment:1 start:01/01/2002

PlotData =

width:14 textcolor:black shift:(5,-5) anchor:from fontsize:M

bar:2.6.39
 color:DEV	from:29/03/2011	till:18/05/2011	text:2.6.39.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:18/05/2011	till:03/08/2011
bar:2.6.38
 color:DEV	from:18/01/2011	till:14/03/2011	text:2.6.38.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:14/03/2011	till:03/06/2011
bar:2.6.37
 color:DEV	from:01/11/2010	till:04/01/2011	text:2.6.37.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:04/01/2011	till:27/03/2011
bar:2.6.36
 color:DEV	from:15/08/2010	till:20/10/2010	text:2.6.36.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:20/10/2010	till:17/02/2011
bar:2.6.35
 color:DEV	from:30/05/2010	till:01/09/2010	text:2.6.35.x
 color:LTS	from:01/09/2010	till:13/03/2012
bar:2.6.34
 color:DEV	from:08/03/2010	till:16/05/2010	text:2.6.34.x
 color:LTS	from:16/05/2010	till:10/02/2014
bar:2.6.33
 color:DEV	from:17/12/2009	till:24/02/2010	text:2.6.33.x
 color:LTS	from:24/02/2010	till:07/11/2011
bar:2.6.32
 color:DEV	from:27/09/2009	till:02/12/2009	text:2.6.32.x
 color:LTS	from:02/12/2009	till:12/11/2016
bar:2.6.31
 color:DEV	from:24/06/2009	till:09/09/2009	text:2.6.31.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:09/09/2009	till:05/07/2010
bar:2.6.30
 color:DEV	from:07/04/2009	till:09/06/2009	text:2.6.30.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:09/06/2009	till:03/12/2009
bar:2.6.29
 color:DEV	from:10/01/2009	till:23/03/2009	text:2.6.29.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:23/03/2009	till:02/07/2009
bar:2.6.28
 color:DEV	from:23/10/2008	till:24/12/2008	text:2.6.28.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:24/12/2008	till:02/05/2009
bar:2.6.27
 color:DEV	from:28/07/2008	till:09/10/2008	text:2.6.27.x
 color:LTS	from:09/10/2008	till:17/03/2012
bar:2.6.26
 color:DEV	from:03/05/2008	till:13/07/2008	text:2.6.26.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:13/07/2008	till:10/11/2008
bar:2.6.25
 color:DEV	from:10/02/2008	till:16/04/2008	text:2.6.25.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:16/04/2008	till:10/11/2008
bar:2.6.24
 color:DEV	from:23/10/2007	till:24/01/2008	text:2.6.24.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:24/01/2008	till:06/05/2008
bar:2.6.23
 color:DEV	from:22/07/2007	till:09/10/2007	text:2.6.23.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:09/10/2007	till:25/02/2008
bar:2.6.22
 color:DEV	from:12/05/2007	till:08/07/2007	text:2.6.22.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:08/07/2007	till:25/02/2008
bar:2.6.21
 color:DEV	from:20/02/2007	till:25/04/2007	text:2.6.21.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:25/04/2007	till:04/08/2007
bar:2.6.20
 color:DEV	from:13/12/2006	till:04/02/2007	text:2.6.20.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:04/02/2007	till:17/10/2007
bar:2.6.19
 color:DEV	from:04/10/2006	till:29/11/2006	text:2.6.19.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:29/11/2006	till:02/03/2007
bar:2.6.18
 color:DEV	from:05/07/2006	till:19/09/2006	text:2.6.18.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:19/09/2006	till:23/02/2007
bar:2.6.17
 color:DEV	from:02/04/2006	till:17/06/2006	text:2.6.17.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:17/06/2006	till:13/10/2006
bar:2.6.16
 color:DEV	from:16/01/2006	till:19/03/2006	text:2.6.16.x
 color:LTS	from:19/03/2006	till:21/07/2008
bar:2.6.15
 color:DEV	from:11/11/2005	till:02/01/2006	text:2.6.15.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:02/01/2006	till:27/03/2006
bar:2.6.14
 color:DEV	from:12/09/2005	till:27/10/2005	text:2.6.14.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:27/10/2005	till:30/01/2006
bar:2.6.13
 color:DEV	from:28/06/2005	till:28/08/2005	text:2.6.13.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:28/08/2005	till:15/12/2005
bar:2.6.12
 color:DEV	from:17/03/2005	till:17/06/2005	text:2.6.12.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:17/06/2005	till:29/08/2005
bar:2.6.11
 color:DEV	from:11/01/2005	till:02/03/2005	text:2.6.11.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:02/03/2005	till:11/06/2005
bar:2.6.10
 color:SUPPORT	from:24/12/2004	till:02/03/2005	text:2.6.10.x
bar:2.6.9
 color:SUPPORT	from:19/10/2004	till:24/12/2004	text:2.6.9.x
bar:2.6.8
 color:SUPPORT	from:14/08/2004	till:19/10/2004	text:2.6.8.x
bar:2.6.7
 color:SUPPORT	from:16/06/2004	till:14/08/2004	text:2.6.7.x
bar:2.6.6
 color:SUPPORT	from:10/05/2004	till:16/06/2004	text:2.6.6.x
bar:2.6.5
 color:SUPPORT	from:04/04/2004	till:10/05/2004	text:2.6.5.x
bar:2.6.4
 color:SUPPORT	from:11/03/2004	till:04/04/2004	text:2.6.4.x
bar:2.6.3
 color:SUPPORT	from:18/02/2004	till:11/03/2004	text:2.6.3.x
bar:2.6.2
 color:SUPPORT	from:04/02/2004	till:18/02/2004	text:2.6.2.x
bar:2.6.1
 color:SUPPORT	from:09/01/2004	till:04/02/2004	text:2.6.1.x
bar:2.6
 color:DEV	from:13/07/2003	till:18/12/2003	text:2.6.0.x
 color:SUPPORT	from:18/12/2003	till:09/01/2004
 # https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/
 # https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/testing/
 # https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/pre-releases/
 # https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/refs/tags
bar:2.5
 color:DEV	from:08/11/2001	till:10/07/2003	text:2.5.x
 # https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.5/
 # https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.5/testing/

</timeline>

Version	Original release date	Last release	Maintainer	EOL	Prominent features
2.6.39	Greg Kroah-Hartman	August 2011^[300]		Last stable release of the 2.6 kernel series
2.6.38		June 2011^[301]		Named Flesh-Eating Bats with Fangs^[302]
2.6.37		March 2011^[303]
2.6.36		February 2011^[304]	AppArmor security module^[305]
2.6.35	2.6.35.14^[306]	Andi Kleen^[307]	March 2012^[307]		6th LTS release 2.6.35.7 was named Yokohama
2.6.34	2.6.34.15^[308]	Paul Gortmaker^[309]	February 2014^[308]^[309]		5th LTS release It was named Sheep on Meth^[310]^[311]
2.6.33	Greg Kroah-Hartman^[312]	November 2011^[313]	nouveau driver^[314]	4th LTS release. It was the base for real-time-tree, replaced by 3.0.x.^[312]
2.6.32	2.6.32.71^[315]	Willy Tarreau^[2]^[316] (formerly Greg Kroah-Hartman)^[317]^[318]	March 2016^[2]	Kernel same-page merging (KSM)^[319]	3rd LTS release, used in Debian 6 Squeeze.^[320] Canonical also provided support until April 2015.^[219] RHEL 6.x
2.6.31	Greg Kroah-Hartman	July 2010^[321]	USB 3.0 support^[322]
2.6.30		October 2009^[323]	Tomoyo Linux security module^[324]	2.6.30-rc4–2.6.30-rc6 was named Vindictive Armadillo^[325]^[326] Releases between 2.6 and 2.9 were named 2.Man-Eating Seals of Antiquity^[327]
2.6.29		July 2009^[328]	Btrfs support^[329]	Named Temporary Tasmanian Devil^[330]^[331]
2.6.28		May 2009^[332]	ext4 stable support^[333]	2.6.28-rc1–2.6.28-rc6 was named Killer Bat of Doom^[334]^[335] 2.6.28 was named Erotic Pickled Herring^[336]
2.6.27	2.6.27.62^[337]	March 2012^[338]		2nd LTS release 2.6.27.3 was named Trembling Tortoise^[339]
2.6.26	Greg Kroah-Hartman	November 2008^[340]		2.6.26–2.6.27 was named Rotary Wombat^[341]
2.6.25		November 2008^[342]	Smack Linux security module^[343]	Named Funky Weasel is Jiggy wit it^[344]
2.6.24		May 2008^[345]	cgroups support^[346]	2.6.23-rc4–2.6.23-rc6 was named Pink Farting Weasel^[347] 2.6.23-rc7–2.6.23–2.6.24 was named Arr Matey! A Hairy Bilge Rat!^[348] (TLAPD 2007) 2.6.24.1 was named Err Metey! A Heury Beelge-a Ret!^[349]
2.6.23		February 2008^[350]	CFS process scheduler^[351]
2.6.22		February 2008^[352]	New 802.11 (Wi-Fi) stack^[353] SLUB memory allocator^[353]	2.6.22-rc3–2.6.22-rc4 was named Jeff Thinks I Should Change This, But To What? 2.6.22-rc5–2.6.22 was named Holy Dancing Manatees, Batman!^[354]
2.6.21		August 2007^[355]	GPIO support^[356] Dynticks^[356]	Named Nocturnal Monster Puppy^[357]
2.6.20		2.6.20.21^[358]	October 2007^[358]	Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM)^[359]	Named Homicidal Dwarf Hamster^[360]^[361]
2.6.19		March 2007^[362]	AHCI support^[363]^[364] GFS2^[365]	Named Avast! A bilge rat! (TLAPD 2006)^[366]
2.6.18		February 2007^[367] 2.6.18: RHEL 5.x	NCQ and SATA hotplug support^[368]	Named Avast! A bilge rat! (TLAPD 2006)^[366]
2.6.17		October 2006^[369]	splice()^[370]	2.6.17-rc5 was named Lordi Rules^[371] (Eurovision 2006 winners)^[372] 2.6.17-rc6–2.6.17 was named Crazed Snow-Weasel^[373]
2.6.16	2.6.16.62^[374]	OCFS2 support^[375] SLOB memory allocator^[375]	1st LTS release 2.6.16.28-rc2 was named Stable Penguin
2.6.15	Greg Kroah-Hartman	May 2006^[376]	S.M.A.R.T. support^[377]	Named Sliding Snow Leopard^[378]
2.6.14		January 2006^[379]	FUSE support^[380]	Named Affluent Albatross^[381]
2.6.13		December 2005^[382]	initramfs^[383]	Named Woozy Numbat^[384]^[385]The 2.6.12 release was the first one managed by Git.^[386]
2.6.12		2.6.12.6^[387]^[388]	August 2005^[387]
2.6.11		2.6.11.12^[389]	June 2005^[389]
2.6.10	2004^[390]				Switchable and modular I/O schedulers^[391]
2.6.9	2004^[392]
2.6.8	2004^[393]
2.6.7	2004^[394]
2.6.6	2004^[395]				CFQ I/O scheduler^[396] Laptop mode^[396]
2.6.5	2004^[397]				Adaptive lazy readahead^[398]
2.6.4	2004^[399]				Intel x86-64 support^[400] ARMv6 support^[400] Virtual console UTF-8 mode support^[400]
2.6.3	2004^[401]				Power Mac G5 support^[402]
2.6.2	2004^[403]				RAID 6 support^[404]
2.6.1	2004^[405]				EFI support^[406]
2.6		Linus Torvalds	O(1) scheduler^[407] Preemption (2.5.4)^[408] Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA)^[407] SELinux security module^[409]	2.6.2–2.6.4 was named Feisty Dunnart^[410] 2.6.5–2.6.9 was named Zonked Quokka^[411]2.6.9: RHEL 4.x The 2.5 kernels were development kernels^[412]
{{{2}}}

Releases before 2.6.0

Version	Original release date	Last release	Maintainer	EOL	Prominent features	Notes
2.4	2.4.37.11^[413]	Willy Tarreau (formerly Marcelo Tosatti)	December 2011^[413]	JFS support (2.4.24)^[414] XFS support (2.4.20)^[414] ext3 support (2.4.15)^[415] ReiserFS support (2.4.1)^[414] tmpfs support^[416] GFS support^[416] Netfilter (2.3.15)^[417]	The 2.3 kernels were development kernels^[412] 2.4.9: RHEL 2.1 2.4.10: Featured a complete rewrite of the Virtual Memory Management (VMM) subsystem.^[418] 2.4.21: RHEL 3.x
2.2	2.2.26^[419]	Marc-Christian Petersen (formerly Alan Cox)^[420]	Made unofficially obsolete with the 2.2.27-rc2^[421]^[422]	USB devices support^[423] Frame-buffer console^[424] ipchains^[417] Video4Linux^[424] NTFS (readonly), FAT32 and HFS support^[424] Initial IPv6 support^[424] SPX support^[424] Loop device support^[424] Scheduling classes and scheduler SMP support^[425] SLAB memory allocator^[426]	The 2.1 kernels were development kernels^[412]
2.0	2.0.40^[427]	David Weinehall	officially made obsolete with the kernel 2.2.0 release^[428]	Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) support^[429]	Larry Ewing created the Tux mascot 40px in 1996
1.3	1995	Linus Torvalds	EOL	/dev/random^[430] watchdog timer^[431] Automatic modules loading^[432] initrd boot support^[433] bzImage support^[434]	Greased Weasel^[435]
1.2	1995			1.2.13	Round-robin scheduling^[425]	Linux '95^[436]
1.1	1994			1.1.95	ipfw^[437] Dual IDE interface support^[438] ATAPI CD-ROM support^[438]
1.0	1994			1.0.9	Open Sound System (OSS)^[439] NTP support^[439]
0.99	1992			0.99.15j^[440]	Xiafs support ext2 support^[441] NFS support^[442] kmalloc^[426]	The Linux 0.99 tar.bz2 archive grew from 426 kB to 1009 kB on the way to 1.0.
0.98	1992			0.98.6^[443]	TCP/IP support^[442] SCSI tape support^[444] ISO 9660 support^[444]
0.97	1992			0.97.6^[445]	Initial procfs^[446] PS/2 mouse support^[446] Microsoft bus mouse support^[447] SCSI CD-ROM support^[448]
0.96	1992			0.96c.2^[449]	ext support (0.96c)^[441] FAT16 support^[442] Shared libraries^[442] Logitech bus mouse support^[450]
0.95	1992			0.95c+^[451]	Login prompt^[442] Initial parallel port printer support^[452] Initial reboot support^[453]	Jump from 0.12 to 0.95^[454] First version released under the GPL^[453]^[455]. Although the license change took effect as of the first of February of 1992.
0.12	1992				Job control^[455] Virtual consoles^[455] pty^[455] Symbolic links^[455] Virtual memory^[455]
0.11	1991				Demand-loading from disk^[456] CGA, MGA and EGA support^[456] malloc^[426]	First kernel where other people start making real contributions^[456]
0.10	1991				Initial floppy driver support^[457] Supports up to 16MB RAM^[457]	Jump from 0.03 to 0.10 First release where Minix isn't needed anymore^[458]
0.03	1991^[458]				Multithreaded filesystem^[458]
0.02	1991				US keyboard support^[458]	First "usable" release; for wider distribution^[459]
0.01	1991				i386 support^[460] PATA support^[460] Minix support^[461]^[460] VGA text mode^[460]^[454] Hardcoded Finnish keyboard^[460] Supports up to 8MB RAM^[457]
{{{2}}}

References

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↑ ^2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 ^2.13 ^2.14 ^2.15 ^2.16 ^2.17 ^2.18 ^2.19 "Active kernel releases". Kernel.org. 7 February 2023. https://www.kernel.org/category/releases.html.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 "Kernel Maintenance". https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/civilinfrastructureplatform/cipkernelmaintenance.
↑ Mail by Linus Torvalds from 2026-02-08 21:17 on kernel.org
↑ Active kernel releases on kernel.org
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Corbet, Jonathan (25 February 2026). "Support period lengthened for the 6.6, 6.12, and 6.18 kernels" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/1060271/.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Kroah-Hartman, Greg (25 February 2026). "bump the longterm EOL dates to a be a bit longer than previously documented". https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/docs/kernel/website.git/commit/?id=d04587da86a3464881e0c97aabddd2c271105698.
↑ Corbet, Jonathan (2025-04-01). "Slab allocator: sheaves and any-context allocations" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/1016001/.
↑ "dm-pcache — Persistent Cache — The Linux Kernel documentation". https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-pcache.html.
↑ "[PATCH v2 00/33 ns: support file handles"]. https://lore.kernel.org/linux-nfs/20250912-work-namespace-v2-0-1a247645cef5@kernel.org/T/.
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 "Linux_6.18 - Linux Kernel Newbies". https://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_6.18.
↑ "PSP Security Protocol — The Linux Kernel documentation". https://docs.kernel.org/networking/psp.html.
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↑ "Swap Table — The Linux Kernel documentation". https://docs.kernel.org/mm/swap-table.html.
↑ "[PATCH v4 00/15 mm, swap: introduce swap table as swap cache (phase I)"]. https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20250916160100.31545-1-ryncsn@gmail.com/T/.
↑ Alden, Daroc (2025-08-12). "Possible paths for signing BPF programs" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/1031854/.
↑ "MatthewWilcox/Memdescs - Linux Kernel Newbies". https://kernelnewbies.org/MatthewWilcox/Memdescs.
↑ Moola, Vishal (June 25, 2024). "Introducing Memdesc". https://blogs.oracle.com/linux/introducing-memdesc.
↑ Linus Torvalds (2025-09-29). "Remove bcachefs core code - kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git - Linux kernel source tree". https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=f2c61db29f277b9c80de92102fc532cc247495cd. Retrieved 2026-02-06.
↑ ^21.0 ^21.1 ^21.2 "The Linux Kernel Archives - Releases". https://www.kernel.org/category/releases.html.
↑ Linus Torvalds (2025-09-28). "Linux 6.17". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wiX38oG6=xFBNLO0pnjqHfxzjd6-1kZ5Nv9HfqNC2PoFA@mail.gmail.com/.
↑ Greg Kroah-Hartman (2025-12-01). "Linux 6.17.10". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2025120117-magnolia-settling-62d4@gregkh/.
↑ "Attack Vector Controls — The Linux Kernel documentation". https://docs.kernel.org/next/admin-guide/hw-vuln/attack_vector_controls.html.
↑ Alden, Daroc (2025-03-19). "Better CPU vulnerability mitigation configuration" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/1013640/.
↑ ^26.0 ^26.1 ^26.2 "Linux_6.17 - Linux Kernel Newbies". https://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_6.17.
↑ ^27.0 ^27.1 Corbet, Jonathan (2025-06-06). "Slowing the flow of core-dump-related CVEs" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/1024160/.
↑ Corbet, Jonathan (2025-07-29). "A proxy-execution baby step" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/1030842/.
↑ Corbet, Jonathan (2025-06-10). "An end to uniprocessor configurations" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/1023575/.
↑ "Runtime Verification — The Linux Kernel documentation". https://docs.kernel.org/trace/rv/runtime-verification.html.
↑ "Real-time application monitors — The Linux Kernel documentation". https://docs.kernel.org/trace/rv/monitor_rtapp.html.
↑ Alden, Daroc (2025-07-30). "Extending run-time verification for the kernel" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/1030685/.
↑ Linus Torvalds (2025-08-28). "MAINTAINERS: mark bcachefs externally maintained - kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git - Linux kernel source tree". https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/MAINTAINERS?id=ebf2bfec412ad293a0b118fb1a20a551088ebc9b. Retrieved 2026-02-06.
↑ Linus Torvalds (2025-07-27). "Linux 6.16". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wh0kuQE+tWMEPJqCR48F4Tip2EeYQU-mi+2Fx_Oa1Ehbw@mail.gmail.com/.
↑ Greg Kroah-Hartman (2025-10-02). "Linux 6.16.10". https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250930143831.236060637@linuxfoundation.org/.
↑ Edge, Jake (2025-04-09). "An update on torn-write protection" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/1016406/.
↑ ^37.0 ^37.1 "Linux_6.16 - Linux Kernel Newbies". https://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_6.16#Prominent_features.
↑ "Intel Trust Domain Extensions (TDX) — The Linux Kernel documentation". https://docs.kernel.org/virt/kvm/x86/intel-tdx.html.
↑ "Documentation for Intel® Trust Domain Extensions" (in en). https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/trust-domain-extensions/documentation.html.
↑ "Device Memory TCP — The Linux Kernel documentation". https://docs.kernel.org/networking/devmem.html#tx-interface.
↑ Corbet, Jonathan (2024-06-27). "Direct-to-device networking" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/979549/.
↑ Corbet, Jonathan (2025-04-15). "Automatic tuning for weighted interleaving" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/1016842/.
↑ "Introducing Intel® Advanced Performance Extensions (Intel® APX)" (in en). https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/articles/technical/advanced-performance-extensions-apx.html.
↑ "[PATCH v12 00/21 futex: Add support task local hash maps, FUTEX2_NUMA and FUTEX2_MPOL"]. https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20250416162921.513656-1-bigeasy@linutronix.de/T/.
↑ "[PATCH v2 8/8 ext4: enable large folio for regular file"]. https://lore.kernel.org/all/202505161418.ec0d753f-lkp@intel.com/.
↑ Linus Torvalds (2025-05-25). "Linux 6.15". https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAHk-=wiLRW8DN8-4jmeCZH0OpO8skXOC5e6FwMfsPwGMpQYmVQ@mail.gmail.com/.
↑ Greg Kroah-Hartman (2025-08-01). "Linux 6.15.9". https://lore.kernel.org/all/2025080157-pancreas-fleshed-73c0@gregkh/.
↑ "Btrfs Adding Fast/Realtime Zstd Compression & Other Performance Optimizations" (in en). https://www.phoronix.com/news/Linux-6.15-Btrfs.
↑ Linus Torvalds (2024-03-24). "Linux 6.14". https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAHk-=wg7TO09Si5tTPyhdrLLvyYtVmCf+GGN4kVJ0=Xk=5TE3g@mail.gmail.com/.
↑ "Linux 6.14.11". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2025061030-latticed-capacity-dc94@gregkh/T/.
↑ "Linux-6.14-Char-Misc-NTSYNC". https://www.phoronix.com/news/Linux-6.14-Char-Misc-NTSYNC.
↑ "ntsync-for-proton-wine-now-in-linux-kernel-6-14-that-should-make-many-steamos-users-happy/". 28 January 2025. https://www.gamingonlinux.com/2025/01/ntsync-for-proton-wine-now-in-linux-kernel-6-14-that-should-make-many-steamos-users-happy/.
↑ Speed, Richard. "Linux rolls out the welcome mat for Microsoft's Copilot key". https://www.theregister.com/2025/01/24/copilot_key_linux/.
↑ "Linux 6.13". https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kernel/CAHk-=wiprabAQcCwb3qNhrT5P50MJNqunC9JU5v99kdvM-2rsg@mail.gmail.com/T/#u.
↑ ^55.00 ^55.01 ^55.02 ^55.03 ^55.04 ^55.05 ^55.06 ^55.07 ^55.08 ^55.09 ^55.10 ^55.11 ^55.12 ^55.13 ^55.14 ^55.15 "The Linux Kernel Archives". Kernel.org. https://www.kernel.org/. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
↑ "linux-kernel.vger.kernel.org archive mirror". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2025042056-bullish-tank-f386@gregkh/T/.
↑ Linus Torvalds (2024-11-17). "Linux 6.12". https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kernel/CAHk-=wgtGkHshfvaAe_O2ntnFBH3EprNk1juieLmjcF2HBwBgQ@mail.gmail.com/.
↑ ^58.0 ^58.1 "Linux 6.12 Features Are Super Exciting With Real-Time, Sched_ext, Intel Xe2 & Raspberry Pi 5" (in en). https://www.phoronix.com/review/linux-612-features.
↑ "Linux 6.12 Features Are Super Exciting With Real-Time, Sched_ext, Intel Xe2 & Raspberry Pi 5 (page 2)" (in en). https://www.phoronix.com/review/linux-612-features/2.
↑ rnkenchor (2025-01-13). "Kernel 6.12 will have 10 years support via CIP – Are all your maintenance problems solved?" (in en-US). https://www.cip-project.org/blog/2025/01/13/kernel-6-12-will-have-10-years-support-via-cip-are-all-your-maintenance-problems-solved.
↑ "Release Notes for Debian 13 (trixie)". https://www.debian.org/releases/trixie/release-notes/.
↑ "Trixie kernel will be Linux 6.12 LTS". https://wiki.debian.org/DebianTrixie.
↑ "Release Notes for RHEL 10.0". https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/10/html/10.0_release_notes/new-features-and-enhancements#new-features-and-enhancements-kernel.
↑ Linus Torvalds (2024-09-15). "Linux 6.11". https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kernel/CAHk-=whVpSHw9+4ov=oLevfv8sPYbh59T_9VKif-6Vqkr41jQA@mail.gmail.com/.
↑ ^65.0 ^65.1 "Linux-Kernel Archive: Linux 6.11.11". https://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/2412.0/06844.html.
↑ Corbet, Jonathan (18 July 2024). "The first half of the 6.11 merge window [LWN.net"]. https://lwn.net/Articles/982034/.
↑ ^67.0 ^67.1 Corbet, Jonathan (29 July 2024). "The rest of the 6.11 merge window [LWN.net"]. https://lwn.net/Articles/982605/.
↑ Linus Torvalds (2024-07-14). "Linux 6.10". https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kernel/CAHk-=wjV_O2g_K19McjGKrxFxMFDqex+fyGcKc3uac1ft_O2gg@mail.gmail.com/.
↑ Greg Kroah-Hartman (2024-10-10). "Linux 6.10.14". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2024101047-unclothed-armadillo-6520@gregkh/.
↑ ^70.0 ^70.1 Sneddon, Joey (2024-07-14). "Linux Kernel 6.10 Released with LOTS of Epic Changes" (in en-GB). https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2024/07/linux-kernel-6-10-new-features.
↑ "Linux 6.10-rc1 - kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git - Linux kernel source tree". https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/Makefile?h=v6.10-rc3&id=1613e604df0cd359cf2a7fbd9be7a0bcfacfabd0.
↑ "Linux 6.10 Honors One Last ReiserFS Request Made By Hans Reiser" (in en). https://www.phoronix.com/news/ReiserFS-README-Linux-6.10.
↑ Linus Torvalds (2024-05-12). "Linux 6.9". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=whnKYL-WARzrZhVTZ8RP3WZc24C9_DT7JMJooONNT2udQ@mail.gmail.com/.
↑ Greg Kroah-Hartman (2024-07-29). "Re: Linux 6.9.12". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2024072948-glimmer-glitch-6a95@gregkh/.
↑ ^75.0 ^75.1 ^75.2 ^75.3 ^75.4 ^75.5 "Linux 6.9 Features: DM VDO, AMD Preferred Core, Intel FRED & Larger Console Fonts" (in en). https://www.phoronix.com/review/linux-69-features.
↑ "Linux_6.9 - Linux Kernel Newbies". https://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_6.9#Power_Management.
↑ Linus Torvalds (2024-03-10). "Linux 6.8". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wiehc0DfPtL6fC2=bFuyzkTnuiuYSQrr6JTQxQao6pq1Q@mail.gmail.com/.
↑ Kroah-Hartman, Greg (2024-05-30). "Linux 6.8.12". https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kernel/2024053036-matron-confess-13e0@gregkh/.
↑ Corbet, Jonathan (2023-06-12). "Deadline servers as a realtime throttling replacement" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/934415/.
↑ Corbet, Jonathan (2023-07-06). "Large folios for anonymous memory" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/937239/.
↑ Corbet, Jonathan (2023-11-10). "listmount() and statmount()" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/950569/.
↑ Squires, Julian (2023-12-21). "Data-type profiling for perf" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/955709/.
↑ Corbet, Jonathan (2023-08-21). "Defending mounted filesystems from the root user" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/941764/.
↑ Edge, Jake (2023-01-04). "Adding system calls for Linux security modules" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/919059/.
↑ "Linux_6.8 - Linux Kernel Newbies". https://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_6.8#Prominent_features.
↑ "Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat) Release Notes" (in en). 2025-06-16. https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/ubuntu-24-04-lts-noble-numbat-release-notes/39890.
↑ Linus Torvalds (2024-01-07). "Linux 6.7". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=widprp4XoHUcsDe7e16YZjLYJWra-dK0hE1MnfPMf6C3Q@mail.gmail.com/.
↑ ^88.0 ^88.1 ^88.2 ^88.3 ^88.4 "Linux 6.7 Released With Bcachefs, Intel Meteor Lake In Good Shape & Nouveau GSP Support" (in en). https://www.phoronix.com/news/Linux-6.7-Released.
↑ ^89.0 ^89.1 ^89.2 ^89.3 "Linux 6.7 Features Include Bcachefs, Stable Meteor Lake Graphics, NVIDIA GSP & More Next-Gen Hardware" (in en). https://www.phoronix.com/review/linux-67-features.
↑ "Btrfs Picks Up New Features For Linux 6.7" (in en). https://www.phoronix.com/news/Btrfs-Linux-6.7-Features.
↑ Linus Torvalds (2023-10-29). "Linux 6.6". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wiZuU984NWVgP4snp8sEt4Ux5Mp_pxAN5MNV9VpcGUo+A@mail.gmail.com/.
↑ Linus Torvalds (2023-08-27). "Linux 6.5". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wgmKhCrdrOCjp=5v9NO6C=PJ8ZTZcCXj09piHzsZ7qqmw@mail.gmail.com/.
↑ Kroah-Hartman, Greg (2023-11-28). "Linux 6.5.13". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2023112807-usher-penholder-f856@gregkh/.
↑ ^94.0 ^94.1 "Linux_6.5 - Linux Kernel Newbies". https://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_6.5.
↑ Linus Torvalds (2023-06-25). "Linux 6.4". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wi7fwNWfqj-QQqEfZTUOB4bbKT8QiEUDHoPk0ecuYA7cA@mail.gmail.com/.
↑ Kroah-Hartman, Greg (2023-09-13). "Linux 6.4.16". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2023091345-prankish-during-e3b4@gregkh/.
↑ "Intel Linear Address Masking "LAM" Merged Into Linux 6.4" (in en). https://www.phoronix.com/news/Intel-LAM-Merged-Linux-6.4.
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↑ Weinehall, David (8 February 2004). "[ANNOUNCE] Linux-kernel 2.0.40 aka 'The Moss-covered Tortoise'". http://kerneltrap.org/node/2279.
↑ "Linux Version 2.0 | Linux Journal". https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/1311.
↑ "Public Git Hosting - davej-history.git/blob - drivers/char/random.c". https://repo.or.cz/w/davej-history.git/blob/d0562c8dc:/drivers/char/random.c.
↑ "Import 1.3.51 - kernel/git/history/history.git - Linux kernel historic tree". https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/history/history.git/commit/?h=1.3.51&id=85ed1260f6998849a1f82fb3e7bfd24ae3fb067f.
↑ "What is kerneld?". https://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/Kerneld/introduction.html.
↑ "1. The Linux/x86 Boot Protocol — The Linux Kernel documentation". https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v6.6/arch/x86/boot.html.
↑ Rubini, Alessandro (June 1997). "Booting the Kernel". https://www.linux.it/~rubini/docs/boot/boot.html.
↑ Stephen Shankland (1 November 2000). "Test version of new Linux kernel available". CNET News. http://news.cnet.com/2100-1001-247983.html.
↑ "Linus Torvalds Releases Linux 1.2.0". http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2682.
↑ "Original IP Firewall (2.0 Kernels)". https://tldp.org/LDP/nag2/x-087-2-firewall.original.html.
↑ ^438.0 ^438.1 "Import 1.1.76 - kernel/git/history/history.git - Linux kernel historic tree". https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/history/history.git/commit/?h=1.1.76&id=2c0a2456f4d78a9f40adc4b49fd36dc97d7d689d.
↑ ^439.0 ^439.1 "Linux 0.99 patchlevel 14 - Diff - 75bb5836a8a8c0ee44ffd60a51f357b9568f1381^! - pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nico/archive - Git at Google". https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nico/archive/+/75bb5836a8a8c0ee44ffd60a51f357b9568f1381%5E!/.
↑ "Linux Kernel Version History: 0.99 series kernels". http://www.oldlinux.org/Linux.old/docs/history/0.99.html.
↑ ^441.0 ^441.1 Jones, M. Tim (17 February 2009). "Anatomy of ext4". IBM Developer Works. http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-anatomy-ext4/.
↑ ^442.0 ^442.1 ^442.2 ^442.3 ^442.4 "Finally: 0.98". https://www.tech-insider.org/linux/research/1992/0308.html.
↑ "Linux Kernel Version History: 0.98 series kernels". http://www.oldlinux.org/Linux.old/docs/history/0.98.html.
↑ ^444.0 ^444.1 "[PATCH Linux-0.98.6 (December 2, 1992) - kernel/git/history/history.git - Linux kernel historic tree"]. https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/history/history.git/commit/?h=0.99&id=c0cf50005522ad7aa5acd01cce970637a2e2881e.
↑ "Linux Kernel Version History: 0.97 series kernels". http://www.oldlinux.org/Linux.old/docs/history/0.97.html.
↑ ^446.0 ^446.1 "[PATCH Linux-0.97.3 (September 5, 1992) - kernel/git/history/history.git - Linux kernel historic tree"]. https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/history/history.git/commit/?h=0.97.3.
↑ "[PATCH Linux-0.97.5 (September 12, 1992) - kernel/git/history/history.git - Linux kernel historic tree"]. https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/history/history.git/commit/?h=0.98&id=06d9f6ff137579551a2ee18661847915fe2bb812.
↑ "[PATCH Linux-0.97.5 (September 12, 1992) - kernel/git/history/history.git - Linux kernel historic tree"]. https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/history/history.git/commit/?h=0.98&id=06d9f6ff137579551a2ee18661847915fe2bb812.
↑ "Linux Kernel Version History: 0.96 series kernels". http://www.oldlinux.org/Linux.old/docs/history/0.96.html.
↑ "0.96c second patch - kernel/git/history/history.git - Linux kernel historic tree". https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/history/history.git/commit/?h=0.96c-patch2.
↑ "Linux Kernel Version History: 0.95 series kernels". http://www.oldlinux.org/Linux.old/docs/history/0.95.html.
↑ "[PATCH Linux-0.95c+ (April 9, 1992 ??) - kernel/git/history/history.git - Linux kernel historic tree"]. https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/history/history.git/commit/?h=0.99&id=6891759b5340b54c3408ca7d80dc722f95d6b9e0.
↑ ^453.0 ^453.1 "[PATCH Linux-0.95 (March 8, 1992) - kernel/git/history/history.git - Linux kernel historic tree"]. https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/history/history.git/commit/?h=0.99&id=e6c7a63f3cc9898b82d65ac3bda90d543a471c17.
↑ ^454.0 ^454.1 "Linux-0.12 (January 15, 1992) - kernel/git/history/history.git - Linux kernel historic tree". https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/history/history.git/commit/?h=0.97.3&id=2ab763b2e26be65551e717bd547497ffb9ba7267.
↑ ^455.0 ^455.1 ^455.2 ^455.3 ^455.4 ^455.5 "linux-0.12 is available - refs/tags/v0.12 - pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nico/archive - Git at Google". https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nico/archive/+/refs/tags/v0.12.
↑ ^456.0 ^456.1 ^456.2 "Linux-0.11 (December 8, 1991) - kernel/git/history/history.git - Linux kernel historic tree". https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/history/history.git/commit/?h=0.99&id=b65b60f4acd7efbbccd3d2411e9e5bca520a7574.
↑ ^457.0 ^457.1 ^457.2 "Linux 0.10 (November 11, 1991 ???) - kernel/git/history/history.git - Linux kernel historic tree". https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/history/history.git/commit/?h=0.99&id=fa1ec1000cf9954b8e78216c11b0c3f86336d488.
↑ ^458.0 ^458.1 ^458.2 ^458.3 "Linux: The 0.02 and 0.03 Releases | KernelTrap". 2008-03-11. http://kerneltrap.org/node/14037.
↑ "Happy 25th once again to Linux, 'the little OS that definitely could'" (in en). 2016-10-05. https://www.pcworld.com/article/3128189/happy-25th-once-again-to-linux-the-little-os-that-definitely-could.html.
↑ ^460.0 ^460.1 ^460.2 ^460.3 ^460.4 "Linux-0.01 (September 17, 1991) - kernel/git/history/history.git - Linux kernel historic tree". https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/history/history.git/commit/?h=0.97.3&id=bb441db1a90a1801ef4e6546417a8d907c55d92f.
↑ Mauerer, Wolfgang (2010). Professional Linux Kernel Architecture. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 490. ISBN 9781118079911. https://books.google.com/books?id=-6zvRFEfQ24C&pg=PT490.

External links

Official Linux kernel website
Active kernel releases, on the official Linux kernel website
Linux versions changelog, in Linux Kernel Newbies
Kernel coverage at LWN.net

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux kernel version history. Read more

[1] Edge, Jake (2021-10-06). "Rolling stable kernels" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/871989/.

[ACTIVE-2] 2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 ^2.13 ^2.14 ^2.15 ^2.16 ^2.17 ^2.18 ^2.19 "Active kernel releases". Kernel.org. 7 February 2023. https://www.kernel.org/category/releases.html.

[CIP-3] 3.0 ^3.1 "Kernel Maintenance". https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/civilinfrastructureplatform/cipkernelmaintenance.

[4] Mail by Linus Torvalds from 2026-02-08 21:17 on kernel.org

[5] Active kernel releases on kernel.org

[Corbet2026-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Corbet, Jonathan (25 February 2026). "Support period lengthened for the 6.6, 6.12, and 6.18 kernels" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/1060271/.

[Kroah-Hartman2026-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Kroah-Hartman, Greg (25 February 2026). "bump the longterm EOL dates to a be a bit longer than previously documented". https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/docs/kernel/website.git/commit/?id=d04587da86a3464881e0c97aabddd2c271105698.

[8] Corbet, Jonathan (2025-04-01). "Slab allocator: sheaves and any-context allocations" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/1016001/.

[9] "dm-pcache — Persistent Cache — The Linux Kernel documentation". https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-pcache.html.

[10] "[PATCH v2 00/33 ns: support file handles"]. https://lore.kernel.org/linux-nfs/20250912-work-namespace-v2-0-1a247645cef5@kernel.org/T/.

[:39-11] 11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 "Linux_6.18 - Linux Kernel Newbies". https://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_6.18.

[12] "PSP Security Protocol — The Linux Kernel documentation". https://docs.kernel.org/networking/psp.html.

[13] ((google)). "psp/doc/PSP_Arch_Spec.pdf at main · google/psp" (in en). https://github.com/google/psp/blob/main/doc/PSP_Arch_Spec.pdf.

[14] Corbet, Jonathan (2024-05-23). "A new swap abstraction layer for the kernel" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/974587/.

[15] "Swap Table — The Linux Kernel documentation". https://docs.kernel.org/mm/swap-table.html.

[16] "[PATCH v4 00/15 mm, swap: introduce swap table as swap cache (phase I)"]. https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20250916160100.31545-1-ryncsn@gmail.com/T/.

[17] Alden, Daroc (2025-08-12). "Possible paths for signing BPF programs" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/1031854/.

[18] "MatthewWilcox/Memdescs - Linux Kernel Newbies". https://kernelnewbies.org/MatthewWilcox/Memdescs.

[19] Moola, Vishal (June 25, 2024). "Introducing Memdesc". https://blogs.oracle.com/linux/introducing-memdesc.

[20] Linus Torvalds (2025-09-29). "Remove bcachefs core code - kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git - Linux kernel source tree". https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=f2c61db29f277b9c80de92102fc532cc247495cd. Retrieved 2026-02-06.

[:38-21] 21.0 ^21.1 ^21.2 "The Linux Kernel Archives - Releases". https://www.kernel.org/category/releases.html.

[22] Linus Torvalds (2025-09-28). "Linux 6.17". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wiX38oG6=xFBNLO0pnjqHfxzjd6-1kZ5Nv9HfqNC2PoFA@mail.gmail.com/.

[23] Greg Kroah-Hartman (2025-12-01). "Linux 6.17.10". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2025120117-magnolia-settling-62d4@gregkh/.

[24] "Attack Vector Controls — The Linux Kernel documentation". https://docs.kernel.org/next/admin-guide/hw-vuln/attack_vector_controls.html.

[25] Alden, Daroc (2025-03-19). "Better CPU vulnerability mitigation configuration" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/1013640/.

[:40-26] 26.0 ^26.1 ^26.2 "Linux_6.17 - Linux Kernel Newbies". https://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_6.17.

[:41-27] 27.0 ^27.1 Corbet, Jonathan (2025-06-06). "Slowing the flow of core-dump-related CVEs" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/1024160/.

[28] Corbet, Jonathan (2025-07-29). "A proxy-execution baby step" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/1030842/.

[29] Corbet, Jonathan (2025-06-10). "An end to uniprocessor configurations" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/1023575/.

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[31] "Real-time application monitors — The Linux Kernel documentation". https://docs.kernel.org/trace/rv/monitor_rtapp.html.

[32] Alden, Daroc (2025-07-30). "Extending run-time verification for the kernel" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/1030685/.

[33] Linus Torvalds (2025-08-28). "MAINTAINERS: mark bcachefs externally maintained - kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git - Linux kernel source tree". https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/MAINTAINERS?id=ebf2bfec412ad293a0b118fb1a20a551088ebc9b. Retrieved 2026-02-06.

[34] Linus Torvalds (2025-07-27). "Linux 6.16". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wh0kuQE+tWMEPJqCR48F4Tip2EeYQU-mi+2Fx_Oa1Ehbw@mail.gmail.com/.

[35] Greg Kroah-Hartman (2025-10-02). "Linux 6.16.10". https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250930143831.236060637@linuxfoundation.org/.

[36] Edge, Jake (2025-04-09). "An update on torn-write protection" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/1016406/.

[:42-37] 37.0 ^37.1 "Linux_6.16 - Linux Kernel Newbies". https://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_6.16#Prominent_features.

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[44] "[PATCH v12 00/21 futex: Add support task local hash maps, FUTEX2_NUMA and FUTEX2_MPOL"]. https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20250416162921.513656-1-bigeasy@linutronix.de/T/.

[45] "[PATCH v2 8/8 ext4: enable large folio for regular file"]. https://lore.kernel.org/all/202505161418.ec0d753f-lkp@intel.com/.

[46] Linus Torvalds (2025-05-25). "Linux 6.15". https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAHk-=wiLRW8DN8-4jmeCZH0OpO8skXOC5e6FwMfsPwGMpQYmVQ@mail.gmail.com/.

[47] Greg Kroah-Hartman (2025-08-01). "Linux 6.15.9". https://lore.kernel.org/all/2025080157-pancreas-fleshed-73c0@gregkh/.

[48] "Btrfs Adding Fast/Realtime Zstd Compression & Other Performance Optimizations" (in en). https://www.phoronix.com/news/Linux-6.15-Btrfs.

[49] Linus Torvalds (2024-03-24). "Linux 6.14". https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAHk-=wg7TO09Si5tTPyhdrLLvyYtVmCf+GGN4kVJ0=Xk=5TE3g@mail.gmail.com/.

[50] "Linux 6.14.11". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2025061030-latticed-capacity-dc94@gregkh/T/.

[51] "Linux-6.14-Char-Misc-NTSYNC". https://www.phoronix.com/news/Linux-6.14-Char-Misc-NTSYNC.

[52] "ntsync-for-proton-wine-now-in-linux-kernel-6-14-that-should-make-many-steamos-users-happy/". 28 January 2025. https://www.gamingonlinux.com/2025/01/ntsync-for-proton-wine-now-in-linux-kernel-6-14-that-should-make-many-steamos-users-happy/.

[53] Speed, Richard. "Linux rolls out the welcome mat for Microsoft's Copilot key". https://www.theregister.com/2025/01/24/copilot_key_linux/.

[54] "Linux 6.13". https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kernel/CAHk-=wiprabAQcCwb3qNhrT5P50MJNqunC9JU5v99kdvM-2rsg@mail.gmail.com/T/#u.

[KERNELARCHIVES-55] 55.00 ^55.01 ^55.02 ^55.03 ^55.04 ^55.05 ^55.06 ^55.07 ^55.08 ^55.09 ^55.10 ^55.11 ^55.12 ^55.13 ^55.14 ^55.15 "The Linux Kernel Archives". Kernel.org. https://www.kernel.org/. Retrieved 22 September 2024.

[56] "linux-kernel.vger.kernel.org archive mirror". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2025042056-bullish-tank-f386@gregkh/T/.

[57] Linus Torvalds (2024-11-17). "Linux 6.12". https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kernel/CAHk-=wgtGkHshfvaAe_O2ntnFBH3EprNk1juieLmjcF2HBwBgQ@mail.gmail.com/.

[:36-58] 58.0 ^58.1 "Linux 6.12 Features Are Super Exciting With Real-Time, Sched_ext, Intel Xe2 & Raspberry Pi 5" (in en). https://www.phoronix.com/review/linux-612-features.

[59] "Linux 6.12 Features Are Super Exciting With Real-Time, Sched_ext, Intel Xe2 & Raspberry Pi 5 (page 2)" (in en). https://www.phoronix.com/review/linux-612-features/2.

[60] rnkenchor (2025-01-13). "Kernel 6.12 will have 10 years support via CIP – Are all your maintenance problems solved?" (in en-US). https://www.cip-project.org/blog/2025/01/13/kernel-6-12-will-have-10-years-support-via-cip-are-all-your-maintenance-problems-solved.

[61] "Release Notes for Debian 13 (trixie)". https://www.debian.org/releases/trixie/release-notes/.

[62] "Trixie kernel will be Linux 6.12 LTS". https://wiki.debian.org/DebianTrixie.

[63] "Release Notes for RHEL 10.0". https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/10/html/10.0_release_notes/new-features-and-enhancements#new-features-and-enhancements-kernel.

[64] Linus Torvalds (2024-09-15). "Linux 6.11". https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kernel/CAHk-=whVpSHw9+4ov=oLevfv8sPYbh59T_9VKif-6Vqkr41jQA@mail.gmail.com/.

[:37-65] 65.0 ^65.1 "Linux-Kernel Archive: Linux 6.11.11". https://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/2412.0/06844.html.

[66] Corbet, Jonathan (18 July 2024). "The first half of the 6.11 merge window [LWN.net"]. https://lwn.net/Articles/982034/.

[:34-67] 67.0 ^67.1 Corbet, Jonathan (29 July 2024). "The rest of the 6.11 merge window [LWN.net"]. https://lwn.net/Articles/982605/.

[68] Linus Torvalds (2024-07-14). "Linux 6.10". https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kernel/CAHk-=wjV_O2g_K19McjGKrxFxMFDqex+fyGcKc3uac1ft_O2gg@mail.gmail.com/.

[69] Greg Kroah-Hartman (2024-10-10). "Linux 6.10.14". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2024101047-unclothed-armadillo-6520@gregkh/.

[:4-70] 70.0 ^70.1 Sneddon, Joey (2024-07-14). "Linux Kernel 6.10 Released with LOTS of Epic Changes" (in en-GB). https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2024/07/linux-kernel-6-10-new-features.

[71] "Linux 6.10-rc1 - kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git - Linux kernel source tree". https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/Makefile?h=v6.10-rc3&id=1613e604df0cd359cf2a7fbd9be7a0bcfacfabd0.

[72] "Linux 6.10 Honors One Last ReiserFS Request Made By Hans Reiser" (in en). https://www.phoronix.com/news/ReiserFS-README-Linux-6.10.

[73] Linus Torvalds (2024-05-12). "Linux 6.9". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=whnKYL-WARzrZhVTZ8RP3WZc24C9_DT7JMJooONNT2udQ@mail.gmail.com/.

[74] Greg Kroah-Hartman (2024-07-29). "Re: Linux 6.9.12". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2024072948-glimmer-glitch-6a95@gregkh/.

[:69-75] 75.0 ^75.1 ^75.2 ^75.3 ^75.4 ^75.5 "Linux 6.9 Features: DM VDO, AMD Preferred Core, Intel FRED & Larger Console Fonts" (in en). https://www.phoronix.com/review/linux-69-features.

[76] "Linux_6.9 - Linux Kernel Newbies". https://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_6.9#Power_Management.

[77] Linus Torvalds (2024-03-10). "Linux 6.8". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wiehc0DfPtL6fC2=bFuyzkTnuiuYSQrr6JTQxQao6pq1Q@mail.gmail.com/.

[78] Kroah-Hartman, Greg (2024-05-30). "Linux 6.8.12". https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kernel/2024053036-matron-confess-13e0@gregkh/.

[79] Corbet, Jonathan (2023-06-12). "Deadline servers as a realtime throttling replacement" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/934415/.

[80] Corbet, Jonathan (2023-07-06). "Large folios for anonymous memory" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/937239/.

[81] Corbet, Jonathan (2023-11-10). "listmount() and statmount()" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/950569/.

[82] Squires, Julian (2023-12-21). "Data-type profiling for perf" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/955709/.

[83] Corbet, Jonathan (2023-08-21). "Defending mounted filesystems from the root user" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/941764/.

[84] Edge, Jake (2023-01-04). "Adding system calls for Linux security modules" (in en-US). LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/919059/.

[85] "Linux_6.8 - Linux Kernel Newbies". https://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_6.8#Prominent_features.

[86] "Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat) Release Notes" (in en). 2025-06-16. https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/ubuntu-24-04-lts-noble-numbat-release-notes/39890.

[87] Linus Torvalds (2024-01-07). "Linux 6.7". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=widprp4XoHUcsDe7e16YZjLYJWra-dK0hE1MnfPMf6C3Q@mail.gmail.com/.

[:0-88] 88.0 ^88.1 ^88.2 ^88.3 ^88.4 "Linux 6.7 Released With Bcachefs, Intel Meteor Lake In Good Shape & Nouveau GSP Support" (in en). https://www.phoronix.com/news/Linux-6.7-Released.

[:3-89] 89.0 ^89.1 ^89.2 ^89.3 "Linux 6.7 Features Include Bcachefs, Stable Meteor Lake Graphics, NVIDIA GSP & More Next-Gen Hardware" (in en). https://www.phoronix.com/review/linux-67-features.

[90] "Btrfs Picks Up New Features For Linux 6.7" (in en). https://www.phoronix.com/news/Btrfs-Linux-6.7-Features.

[91] Linus Torvalds (2023-10-29). "Linux 6.6". https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wiZuU984NWVgP4snp8sEt4Ux5Mp_pxAN5MNV9VpcGUo+A@mail.gmail.com/.

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[437] "Original IP Firewall (2.0 Kernels)". https://tldp.org/LDP/nag2/x-087-2-firewall.original.html.

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[:8-439] 439.0 ^439.1 "Linux 0.99 patchlevel 14 - Diff - 75bb5836a8a8c0ee44ffd60a51f357b9568f1381^! - pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nico/archive - Git at Google". https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nico/archive/+/75bb5836a8a8c0ee44ffd60a51f357b9568f1381%5E!/.

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[445] "Linux Kernel Version History: 0.97 series kernels". http://www.oldlinux.org/Linux.old/docs/history/0.97.html.

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Linux kernel version history

Topic: Software

Contents

Explanation

Overview

Releases 7.x.y

Releases 6.x.y

Releases 5.x.y

Releases 4.x.y

Releases 3.x.y

Releases 2.6.x.y

Releases before 2.6.0

See also

References

External links