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List of chatbots

Topic: Software

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 8 min

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A chatbot is a software application or web interface that is designed to mimic human conversation through text or voice interactions.[1][2][3] Modern chatbots are typically online and use generative artificial intelligence systems that are capable of maintaining a conversation with a user in natural language and simulating the way a human would behave as a conversational partner. Such chatbots often use deep learning and natural language processing, but simpler chatbots have existed for decades.

General chatbots

Chatbot Developer Released Platform Technology License[lower-alpha 1] Notes
Alexa Amazon 2014-11-06 Largely based on a Polish speech synthesizer named Ivona, bought by Amazon in 2013[4][5] Proprietary Virtual assistant
Alice Yandex 2017-10-10 Web app, Windows, iOS, Android YandexGPT[6] Proprietary Virtual assistant
AliGenie Alibaba Group 2017-07-05 ? ? ? Virtual assistant
Bixby Samsung Electronics 2017-04-21 Android, Tizen, Windows, Wear OS ? Proprietary Virtual assistant
Braina Brainasoft 2014-02-09 or earlier[7] Windows Various Proprietary Virtual assistant[8][9] and speech-to-text dictation[10] application
CarynAI Caryn Marjorie[11] 2023-05-09 ? BanterAI[12][13][14][15][16] ?
Celia Huawei 2020-04-27 Android, EMUI, HarmonyOS Huawei PanGu Proprietary Virtual assistant designed for the latest HarmonyOS and Android-based EMUI smartphones that lack Google Services and the Google Assistant[17][18][19][20]
Chai Chai 2021-09-01 API, iOS, Android Chatbot platform Proprietary
ChatBot Text 2019-08 API, Web app ? Proprietary Launched as BotEngine
ChatGPT OpenAI 2022-11-30 Web app, iOS, Android GPT-4, GPT-4o, GPT-4o mini Proprietary
Claude Anthropic 2023–03 Web app, iOS Claude 2.1 Proprietary
Cleverbot Rollo Carpenter 2008–10 Web app ? ? Winner of the 2010 Mechanical Intelligence Competition
Clova Naver Corporation 2017-03-01 iOS, Android ? ? Virtual assistant
DeepSeek DeepSeek 2025-01-10 Web app, iOS, Android DeepSeek-R1 Proprietary Virtual assistant
Copilot Microsoft 2023-02-07 Web app, Windows, iOS, Android Microsoft Prometheus, GPT-4 Proprietary Launched as Bing Chat
Ernie Bot Baidu 2023-03-16 ? ? ?
Gemini Google 2023-03-21 Web app, Android, iOS Gemini (language model) Proprietary[21] Virtual assistant
GigaChat Sberbank 2023–04 Web app, iOS, Android ? Proprietary
Google Assistant Google 2016-05-18 Android, ChromeOS, iOS, iPadOS, KaiOS, Linux, Android TV, Wear OS ? Proprietary Virtual assistant
Grok xAI 2023-11-04 Web app, iOS, Android ? Proprietary Limited usage for all registered users on X.
HKChat HKChat OmniServe Limited 2025-11-20 Web app, iOS, Android HKGAI V1 LLM Proprietary
Jabberwacky Rollo Carpenter 1997 Web app ? ? Predecessor to Cleverbot
Kuki Steve Worswick 2005 Web app, various social networks Pandorabots AIML ? Embodied five-time Loebner Prize winner designed to befriend humans in the metaverse[22][23][24]
Lenny Mango "Mango"

[25][26]

2011 ? ? Source-available An audio bot designed to annoy telemarketers
Leo Brave Software 2023-11-02 Windows, macOS, Linux LLaMA 2, Claude ? Included with the Brave desktop browser
MegaHAL Jason Hutchens 1995-04-30 Web app, command line Markov chain (4th order)[27] Unlicense
Meta AI Meta AI 2023-09-27 Windows, macOS, iOS, Android ? ?
Perplexity AI Aravind Srinivas 2022-12-07 Web app, iOS, Android Sonar AI ?
SILVIA Cognitive Code 2008-01-01 Windows, macOS, iOS, Android ? Proprietary Core platform technology
SimSimi ISMaker[28] 2002 Web app, iOS, Android ? ?
Siri Apple Inc. 2011-10-05 iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, macOS, tvOS, audioOS, visionOS[29][30] ? Proprietary Virtual assistant
Q Amazon 2023-11-28 Web app Amazon Titan, Amazon Bedrock,[31] generative pre-trained transformers ? Developed for enterprise use
Qwen Alibaba Group 2023-09-01 Web app, Android Qwen1.5, Qwen2, Qwen3 ?
Ultra Hal Robert Medeksza 2000-12-04 or earlier[32] Windows ? 2007 Loebner Prize winner intended to function as a virtual assistant
Xiaowei Tencent 2017-06 (late in the month) ? ? ? Virtual assistant

Historical chatbots

Chatbot Developer Released Discontinued Platform Technology License Notes
Albert One Robby Garner 1995 ? The Internet Based on a multi-faceted approach in natural-language programming ? 1998 and 1999 Loebner Prize winner designed to mimic the way humans make conversations
Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity Richard Wallace 1995-11-23[33] 2013-10-15 ? AIML Open-source software[34] Three-time Loebner Prize winner
Assistant Speaktoit 2011-03-01 2016-12-15 Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Windows 8, Windows 10, ChromeOS ? ? A virtual assistant acquired by Google, unrelated to the Google Assistant
Charlix ? 2006-04-17 2010-03-03[35][non-primary source needed] Linux Based on Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity Open-source software Desktop virtual assistant
Cortana Microsoft 2014-04-02 2023-08-11 Windows, Windows Phone, iOS, Android, Xbox OS Tellme Networks, Satori, Microsoft Eva Proprietary A deprecated virtual assistant succeeded by Copilot; originally named after character in Xbox Halo video game
Dr. Sbaitso Creative Labs 1991-06 or earlier[36] ? MS-DOS Speech synthesis ? Initially released in Singapore
ELIZA Joseph Weizenbaum[37][38] 1964 1967 (stopped development)[39] ? Pattern matching, MAD-SLIP, lisp-like representation[40] ? Developed at MIT
Eugene Goostman Vladimir Veselov, Eugene Demchenko, Sergey Ulasen[41][42] 2001 2014-06-07 ? ? ? 2012 Turing 100 and 2014 Royal Society Turing test winner some regard as having passed the Turing test
Evi True Knowledge 2012–10 2014-01-23 iOS, Android ? ? Virtual assistant
Fred Robby Garner 1997-12-01 or earlier[43] ? ? ? ?
GooglyMinotaur ActiveBuddy (under contract by Capitol Records) 2001–06 2002-03-24 AIM ? ? ActiveBuddy's first offering,[44][45] specializing in Radiohead-related information[46]
Infobot Kevin Lenzo 1995–06 ? IRC Perl, factoids Artistic License An IRC bot primarily designed to assist with answering FAQs in channels such as #perl[47]
Jeeney AI C.J. Jones 2007-02[48] 2010 ? ? ? 2009 Chatterbox Challenge winner[49]
Mark V Shaney Rob Pike, Bruce Ellis, Don P. Mitchell 1981 ? Usenet Markov chain techniques ? A synthetic user whose postings in the net.singles newsgroups were generated based on text from other postings
Mycroft Mycroft team 2015-11-17 2023-01-31 Linux ? Apache License[50] Virtual assistant
PARRY Kenneth Colby 1972 ? ? ? ? An early example of a chatbot
Racter Mindscape (publisher) 1984 ? IBM PC compatibles, Apple II, Mac, Amiga ? ? Was able to generate English-language prose at random[51]
SmarterChild ActiveBuddy 2001–06 2006-10-12 AIM, Windows Live Messenger ? ? The second bot released by ActiveBuddy[52]
Sparrow Google DeepMind 2022–09 2023-01-12 Web app Chinchilla Proprietary
Tay Microsoft 2016-03-23 2016-03-24 Twitter ? ? Rapidly decayed into producing racist bigotry after manipulation by online trolls (from 4chan and 8chan); suspended after 16 hours[53][54]
Verbot Avaya 1997 2012 (early in the year) Microsoft Windows, web app ? ? An artificial intelligence software development kit[55]
Viv Viv Labs, Inc. (subsidiary of Samsung Electronics) 2016-05-09 2017-10-18 iOS, Android Integrated into Bixby 2.0 ? Virtual assistant

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Chatbots may be licensed differently from the large language models (LLMs) they use. For the licenses of LLMs used by chatbots, see List of large language models.

References

  1. ↑ "What is a chatbot?". http://searchdomino.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid4_gci935566,00.html. 
  2. ↑ Caldarini, Guendalina; Jaf, Sardar; McGarry, Kenneth (2022). "A Literature Survey of Recent Advances in Chatbots". Information (MDPI) 13 (1): 41. doi:10.3390/info13010041. 
  3. ↑ Adamopoulou, Eleni; Moussiades, Lefteris (2020). "Chatbots: History, technology, and applications". Machine Learning with Applications 2. doi:10.1016/j.mlwa.2020.100006. 
  4. ↑ "Ivona, Alexa, Vika or intelligent girls from Gdańsk". May 22, 2020. https://www.sztucznainteligencja.org.pl/en/ivona-alexa-vika-or-intelligent-girls-from-gdansk/. 
  5. ↑ "Amazon Gets into Voice Recognition, Buys Ivona Software to Compete Against Apple's Siri". January 24, 2013. https://techcrunch.com/2013/01/24/amazon-gets-into-voice-recognition-buys-ivona-software-to-compete-against-apples-siri/. 
  6. ↑ "«Яндекс» добавил в «Алису» аналог ChatGPT" (in ru). www.rbc.ru. 17 May 2023. https://www.rbc.ru/technology_and_media/17/05/2023/6464aa4e9a79473a1f0464c1?ysclid=likg8q7hgy78285088. Retrieved 2023-06-06. 
  7. ↑ Vladimir A. Fomichov; Alexander A. Razorenov (2014). "The Design of A Natural Language Interface for File System Operations on the basis of a Structured Meanings Model". Procedia Computer Science (Elsevier) 31 (2014): 1005–1011. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2014.05.353. 
  8. ↑ King, Leo (15 December 2015). "Top 8 virtual personal assistants". https://www.raconteur.net/report/artificial-intelligence-for-business/top-8-virtual-personal-assistants/. 
  9. ↑ Igor Bošnjak; Luka Šaravanja; Eva Čuljak; Željko Stojkić (2021). "Planning and implementation of Digital Assistance System at University of Mostar Learning Factory". 11th Conference on Learning Factories, CLF2021 (SSRN) (2021): 3–4. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3858378. 
  10. ↑ "Free Artificial Intelligence (AI) software for your PC". https://www.zdnet.com/article/free-artificial-intelligence-ai-software-for-your-pc/. Retrieved 2024-01-29. 
  11. ↑ "Thousands chatted with this AI 'virtual girlfriend.' Then things got even weirder". Los Angeles Times. 27 June 2023. https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2023-06-27/influencers-ai-chat-caryn-marjorie. 
  12. ↑ Lorenz, Taylor (May 13, 2023). "An influencer's AI clone will be your girlfriend for $1 a minute". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/05/13/caryn-ai-technology-gpt-4/. 
  13. ↑ Tolentino, Daysia (May 12, 2023). "Snapchat influencer launches an AI-powered 'virtual girlfriend' to help 'cure loneliness'". NBCNews. https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/ai-powered-virtual-girlfriend-caryn-marjorie-snapchat-influencer-rcna84180. 
  14. ↑ Bibey, Chris (12 May 2023). "Snapchat Sensation Caryn Marjorie's AI Doppelgänger: Your Virtual Girlfriend For $1 Per Minute". Yahoo Finance. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/snapchat-sensation-caryn-marjories-ai-175416254.html. 
  15. ↑ Sternlicht, Alexandra (May 9, 2023). "A 23-year-old Snapchat influencer used OpenAI's technology to create an A.I. version of herself that will be your girlfriend for $1 per minute". Fortune.com. https://fortune.com/2023/05/09/snapchat-influencer-launches-carynai-virtual-girlfriend-bot-openai-gpt4/. 
  16. ↑ Zitser, Josiah (May 11, 2023). "Influencer who created AI version of herself says it's gone rogue and she's working 'around the clock' to stop it saying sexually explicit things". Business Insider. https://www.insider.com/carynai-ai-virtual-girlfriend-chat-gpt-rogue-filthy-things-influencer-2023-5. 
  17. ↑ "Huawei's Celia". https://www.androidauthority.com/huawei-celia-assistant-1098366/%26hl%3Den%3DZA. 
  18. ↑ "International Voice Assistant Releases" (in en). https://www.trendhunter.com/trends/celia-voice-assistant. 
  19. ↑ "Huawei Launches Its Own Personal Assistant, That Sounds A Lot Like Apple's" (in en-US). 2020-03-26. https://www.androidheadlines.com/2020/03/huawei-celia-launch. 
  20. ↑ "Meet Celia, Huawei's own voice assistant" (in en-US). 2020-05-20. https://www.speedmagazine.ph/meet-celia-huaweis-own-voice-assistant/. 
  21. ↑ David, Emilia (July 20, 2023). "The AI wars might have an armistice deal sooner than expected". https://www.theverge.com/2023/7/20/23800755/ai-meta-llama-microsoft-chatgpt-interoperability. 
  22. ↑ "New trend report: Into the Metaverse" (in en). https://www.wundermanthompson.com/insight/new-trend-report-into-the-metaverse. 
  23. ↑ "Kuki Chatbot". http://www.mitsuku.com/. 
  24. ↑ "Loebner Prize Contest 2013". People.exeter.ac.uk. 2013-09-14. http://www.paulmckevitt.com/loebner2013/. 
  25. ↑ Oberhaus, Daniel (November 21, 2018). "The Story of Lenny, the Internet's Favorite Telemarketing Troll". https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/d3b7na/the-story-of-lenny-the-internets-favorite-telemarketing-troll. 
  26. ↑ Bolton, Doug (January 14, 2016). "Meet Lenny – the internet's favourite telemarketer-tricking robot". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/lenny-telemarketer-bot-robot-prank-a6813081.html. 
  27. ↑ Hutchens, Jason L.; Alder, Michael D. (1998-01-11). "Introducing MegaHAL". Proceedings of the Joint Conferences on New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning. NeMLaP3/CoNLL '98 (USA: Association for Computational Linguistics): 271–274. ISBN 978-0-7258-0634-7. https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.5555/1603899.1603945. 
  28. ↑ "What is Simsimi? All About the iPhone and Android App That Has the World Laughing Out Loud". International Business Times. 23 January 2012. http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/285978/20120123/what-simsimi-iphone-android-app.htm. Retrieved 25 February 2012. 
  29. ↑ "Use Siri on all your Apple devices". November 2023. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204389. 
  30. ↑ "Google Assistant beats Alexa, Siri". August 19, 2019. https://gadgets.ndtv.com/apps/news/google-assistant-beats-alexa-siri-again-in-smartphone-iq-test-2087042. 
  31. ↑ "What is Amazon Q Business?". https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazonq/latest/qbusiness-ug/what-is.html. 
  32. ↑ "Ultra Hal assistant". The Tribune. 4 December 2000. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20001204/login/free.htm. 
  33. ↑ Thompson 2002, p. 2
  34. ↑ Henderson 2007, pg. 127
  35. ↑ "Charlix". https://charlix.sourceforge.net/. 
  36. ↑ PC Mag Oct 29, 1991 p.67 advertisement
  37. ↑ Berry, David M. (2018). "Weizenbaum, ELIZA and the End of Human Reason". in Baranovska, Marianna (in de). Hello, I'm Eliza: Fünfzig Jahre Gespräche mit Computern (1st ed.). Berlin: Projekt Verlag. pp. 53–70. ISBN 9783897334670. 
  38. ↑ Weizenbaum, Joseph (1976). Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment to Calculation. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. ISBN 0-7167-0464-1. 
  39. ↑ "Alan Turing at 100". 13 September 2012. http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2012/09/alan-turing-at-100/. 
  40. ↑ Berry, David M. (2023-11-06). "The Limits of Computation: Joseph Weizenbaum and the ELIZA Chatbot" (in en). Weizenbaum Journal of the Digital Society 3 (3). doi:10.34669/WI.WJDS/3.3.2. ISSN 2748-5625. https://ojs.weizenbaum-institut.de/index.php/wjds/article/view/106. 
  41. ↑ "Computer chatbot 'Eugene Goostman' passes the Turing test". ZDNet. 8 June 2014. https://www.zdnet.com/article/computer-chatbot-eugene-goostman-passes-the-turing-test/. 
  42. ↑ "Turing Test success marks milestone in computing history". University of Reading. 8 June 2014. http://www.reading.ac.uk/news-and-events/releases/PR583836.aspx. Retrieved 8 June 2014. 
  43. ↑ L. Caputo, R. Garner, P. Nathan. "FRED, Milton and Barry: the evolution of intelligent agents for the Web", Advances in intelligent systems, 1997. portal.acm.org
  44. ↑ "ActiveBuddy Introduces Software to Create and Deploy Interactive Agents for Text Messaging; ActiveBuddy Developer Site Now Open: www.BuddyScript.com". Business Wire. 2002-07-15. 
  45. ↑ Gibes, Al (2002-03-25). "Circle of buddies grows ever wider". Las Vegas Review-Journal (Nevada). 
  46. ↑ Gibes, Al (2002-03-25). "Circle of buddies grows ever wider". Las Vegas Review-Journal (Nevada). 
  47. ↑ Lenzo, Kevin (Summer 1998). "Infobots and Purl". The Perl Journal 3 (2). http://www.foo.be/docs/tpj/issues/vol3_2/tpj0302-0002.html. Retrieved 2010-07-26. 
  48. ↑ Chatbot Jeeney A.I., chatbots.org (Retrieved 21 February 2024).
  49. ↑ Ehab El-agizy, (June 30, 2009) Chatterbox Challenge 2009 Winners, chatbots.org
  50. ↑ Penrod, Steve (28 June 2017). "Having the Right license is just as important as having a License". Mycroft. https://mycroft.ai/blog/right-license/. 
  51. ↑ Chamberlain, Bill (1984). The Policeman's Beard Is Half Constructed. UbuWeb, Warner Books. ISBN 0-446-38051-2. https://archive.org/details/policemansbeardi0000unse. Retrieved 2009-07-02. 
  52. ↑ "ActiveBuddy Introduces Software to Create and Deploy Interactive Agents for Text Messaging; ActiveBuddy Developer Site Now Open: www.BuddyScript.com". Business Wire. 2002-07-15. 
  53. ↑ Tung, Liam (24 March 2016). "Microsoft's Tay AI chatbot goes offline after being taught to be a racist". https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsofts-tay-ai-chatbot-goes-offline-after-being-taught-to-be-a-racist/. "The internet teaches Microsoft a lesson in the dangers of artificial intelligence and public interaction... Microsoft's millennial-talking AI chatbot, Tay.ai, has taken a break from Twitter after humans taught it to parrot a number of inflammatory and racist opinions... Microsoft had launched Tay on Wednesday, aiming it at people aged between 18 and 24 years in the US. But after 16 busy hours of talking on subjects ranging from Hitler to 9/11 conspiracies, Tay has gone quiet." 
  54. ↑ Reeve, Elspeth. "Tay Exposes the Fairy Tales We Tell Ourselves About Racists". The New Republic. https://newrepublic.com/article/132039/tay-exposes-fairy-tales-tell-racists. Retrieved 11 July 2024. "Tay lived for just 16 hours, until Microsoft “became aware of a coordinated effort by some users to abuse Tay’s commenting skills” to make her a Nazi. The /pol/ boards on 4chan and 8chan—/pol/ stands for “politically incorrect”—are where that coordination took place.". 
  55. ↑ Quittner, Joshua (1997-12-08). "WHAT'S HOT IN BOTS". Time Magazine. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,987519,00.html. 

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