NATS Messaging

NATS

Developer(s)	Synadia Communications, Inc.
Initial release	2011 [1]
Stable release	2.10.9 / 11 January 2023; 18 months ago (2023-01-11)
Repository	https://github.com/nats-io/nats-server.git
Written in	Go
Operating system	Cross-platform
Type	Message broker, Open Source Messaging, message-oriented middleware
License	Apache 2.0
Website	www.nats.io

NATS is an open-source messaging system (sometimes called message-oriented middleware). The NATS server is written in the Go programming language. Client libraries to interface with the server are available for dozens of major programming languages. The core design principles of NATS are performance, scalability, and ease of use.^[2] The acronym NATS stands for Neural Autonomic Transport System.^[3]

Synadia develops and provides support for NATS. NATS was originally developed by Derek Collison as the messaging control plane for Cloud Foundry and was written in Ruby. NATS was later ported to Go.

The source code is released under the Apache 2.0 License. NATS consists of:

• The NATS Server - The core Publish-Subscribe Server for NATS.
• Client libraries for a variety of programming languages
• A connector framework - a pluggable Java based framework to connect NATS and other services. NATS is a CNCF project with Kubernetes and Prometheus integration.^[4]

The NATS server is often referred to as either 'Core NATS' or NATS with 'JetStream'. 'Core NATS' is the set of core NATS functionalities and qualities of service. 'JetStream' is the (optionally enabled) built-in persistence layer that adds streaming, queues, at-least-once and exactly-once delivery guarantees, historical data replay, decoupled flow-control and key/value store functionalities to Core NATS.^[3] JetStream replaced the old STAN (NATS Streaming) approach.^[5]

Example

Below is a sample connection string from a telnet connection to the demo.nats.io site:^[6]

Trying 107.170.221.32...
Connected to demo.nats.io.
Escape character is '^]'.
INFO {"server_id":"NDQHXO3Z4PYOND63X2BXM7XQCZOVJUCZSDUVLO5EKQG74ACJXTMTYQ2M","server_name":"us-south-nats-demo","version":"2.10.9","proto":1,"git_commit":"a5298e2","go":"go1.21.6","host":"0.0.0.0","port":4222,"headers":true,"tls_available":true,"max_payload":1048576,"jetstream":true,"client_id":38742,"client_ip":"2603:8080:1e40:11f7:4091:61e9:c872:8e79","nonce":"ZLv-puqvOr---Uc","xkey":"XA7AVHXEXKCIH7IRNZ2YKKMFT7USTIZBJNHTKGENFXHEL2KLYQEEZDBI"}

References

See also

• Prometheus nats exporter

Further reading

• Aslam, Asim. "Micro on NATS - Microservices with Messaging". https://blog.micro.mu/2016/04/11/micro-on-nats.html. Retrieved 6 May 2016. 
• Werthheim, Daniel (2016-04-27). "NATS - What a beautiful protocol". Danielwertheim. http://danielwertheim.se/nats-what-a-beautiful-protocol/. Retrieved 4 May 2016. 
• Riggins, Jennifer (2015-12-15). "How NATS, a REST Alternative, Provides Messaging for Distributed Systems". http://thenewstack.io/nats-rest-alternative-provides-messaging-distributed-systems/. Retrieved 6 May 2016. 
• Monteiro, Diogo. "Using NATS instead of HTTP for inter service communication". http://www.diogogmt.com/2016/02/08/benchmarking-nats-and-rest/. Retrieved 2 May 2016. 
• Sohlich, Radomir (23 April 2016). "NATS to REST Proxy". http://nats.io/blog/natsproxy_project/. Retrieved 1 May 2016. 
• Gracely, Brian; Delp, Aaron. "NATS - Cloud Native Infrastructure". http://www.thecloudcast.net/2015/12/the-cloudcast-233-nats-cloud-native.html. Retrieved 23 December 2015. 
• "A signaling system for 10M+ concurrent connections". Greta. 2016-03-21. http://blog.greta.io/a-webrtc-signaling-system-that-scales-very-effectively/. Retrieved 6 May 2016. 
• Treat, Tyler (28 April 2020). "Benchmarking Message Queue Latency". http://bravenewgeek.com/tag/message-queues/. 
• Fulton III, Scott (2016-07-18). "NATS Moves to Real-time Message Streaming with Persistence". http://thenewstack.io/apcera-nats-moves-real-time-message-stream-brokering/. Retrieved 19 July 2016. 

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