Solid (state of matter)

A solid is one of the main states of matter. Solids are made up of atoms or molecules that only move within a very small range in relation to one another.

Some solids can vapourize directly into a gas. This is called sublimation. Examples of this are dry ice becoming carbon dioxide gas, and ice disappearing without melting.

Some of the properties of a solid are bulk modulus,which is a measure of how a solid responds to deformation, hardness, which is a measure of how a solid resists abrasion, and melting point, which is the temparature at which a solid becomes a liquid.

Solids at their respective melting point change to liquids.

A crystaline solid has atoms or molecules aranged in a regular repeated pattern and may abruptly change phase as the temperature changes.

An amorphous solid is an apparently solid substance that does not abruptly change its phase as its temperature changes. The atoms or molecules in it are aranged randomly.

Solid measures

Quantities of liquids are measured in units of volume, such as the cubic metre (m³), and mass, such as the kilogram (kg).

v t e States of matter (list)
State	Solid Liquid Gas / Vapor Plasma
Low energy	Bose–Einstein condensate Fermionic condensate Degenerate matter Quantum Hall Rydberg matter Rydberg polaron Strange matter Superfluid Supersolid Photonic matter
High energy	QCD matter Lattice QCD Quark–gluon plasma Color-glass condensate Supercritical fluid
Other states	Colloid Glass Crystal Liquid crystal Time crystal Quantum spin liquid Exotic matter Programmable matter Dark matter Antimatter Magnetically ordered Antiferromagnet Ferrimagnet Ferromagnet String-net liquid Superglass
Transitions	Boiling Boiling point Condensation Critical line Critical point Crystallization Deposition Evaporation Flash evaporation Freezing Chemical ionization Ionization Lambda point Melting Melting point Recombination Regelation Saturated fluid Sublimation Supercooling Triple point Vaporization Vitrification
Quantities	Enthalpy of fusion Enthalpy of sublimation Enthalpy of vaporization Latent heat Latent internal energy Trouton's ratio Volatility
Concepts	Baryonic matter Binodal Compressed fluid Cooling curve Equation of state Leidenfrost effect Macroscopic quantum phenomena Mpemba effect Order and disorder Spinodal Superconductivity Superheated vapor Superheating Thermo-dielectric effect

Solid (state of matter)

Solid measures

See also