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2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries

From Justapedia - Reading time: 23 min

2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries
← 2020 January to August 2024 2028 →
Non-binding preferential vote
  Charles Ballay for President 2024 (cropped).png NOTA Option Logo 3x4.svg Chase Oliver by Gage Skidmore.jpg
Candidate Charles Ballay None of the above[b] Chase Oliver
Home state Louisiana — Georgia
Contests won 1 2 4
Popular vote 21,939[a] 6,045[a] 2,837[a]
Percentage 57.6% 15.9% 7.4%
  Michael Rectenwald speaking at the Mises Institute.jpg File:Mike ter Maat Libertarian Candidate for President.jpg Joshua Smith in March 2020.png
Candidate Michael Rectenwald Mike ter Maat Joshua Smith
Home state Pennsylvania Florida Iowa
Contests won 2 1 1
Popular vote 810[a] 511[a] 405[a]
Percentage 2.1% 1.3% 1.1%
2024 United States presidential election in California#Libertarian primary2024 United States presidential election in New Mexico#Libertarian primary2024 United States presidential election in Nebraska#Libertarian primary2024 United States presidential election in Minnesota#Libertarian primary2024 United States presidential election in Indiana#Libertarian primary2024 United States presidential election in Iowa#Libertarian caucuses2024 United States presidential election in Mississippi#Libertarian caucuses2024 Oklahoma Libertarian presidential primaryLibertarian primary2024 North Carolina Libertarian presidential primary2024 United States presidential election in Massachusetts#Libertarian primaryLibertarian Party presidential primaries results, 2024.svg
About this image
First place by first-instance vote
Previous Libertarian nominee

Jo Jorgensen


Seal of the President of the United States.svg
2024 U.S. presidential election
Democratic Party
Republican Party
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Related races
← 2020 2024 2028 →

The 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries and caucuses are a series of current electoral contests to indicate non-binding preferences for the Libertarian Party (LP) presidential nominee in the 2024 United States presidential election. These differ from the Republican or Democratic presidential primaries and caucuses in that they do not appoint delegates to represent a candidate at the party's convention to select the party's presidential nominee. The party's nominee will be chosen directly by registered delegates at the 2024 Libertarian National Convention, scheduled to take place from May 24 to 26, 2024 in Washington, D.C.[1][2]

Results[edit | edit source]

Legend:   1st place
(popular vote) 		2nd place
(popular vote) 		3rd place
(popular vote) 		Candidate has
withdrawn 		Candidate unable to
appear on ballot
Date Contest Candidates and results
Charles Ballay for President 2024 (cropped).png
Charles
Ballay 		Jacob Hornberger speaking at the University of Arizona (cropped).png
Jacob
Hornberger 		Lars Mapstead at South Carolina Libertarian Convention (cropped).jpg
Lars
Mapstead 		Chase Oliver by Gage Skidmore.jpg
Chase
Oliver 		Michael Rectenwald speaking at the Mises Institute.jpg
Michael
Rectenwald 		Joshua Smith in March 2020.png
Joshua
Smith 		File:Mike ter Maat Libertarian Candidate for President.jpg
Mike
ter Maat 		NOTA Option Logo 3x4.svg
Other 		NOTA Option Logo 3x4.svg
None of the Above
January 13 Arizona[3][c] Not on ballot 2nd 5th 1st 3rd 3rd 5th Not on ballot 2 votes[d]
January 15 Iowa[4] 0%
0 votes 		1.1%
1 vote 		1.1%
1 vote 		42.7%
38 votes 		16.9%
15 votes 		13.5%
12 votes 		13.5%
12 votes 		10.1%
9 votes[e] 		1.1%
1 vote
February 3 Alabama[5][c] 4th 6th 3rd 5th 1st Not on ballot 2nd 6th[f] Not on ballot
February 24 Mississippi[6] 0%
0 votes 		11.8%
2 votes 		29.4%
5 votes 		11.8%
2 votes 		41.2%
7 votes 		0%
0 votes 		0%
0 votes 		0%
0 votes 		5.9%
1 vote
February 27 Minnesota[7] 2.3%
1 vote 		14.0%
6 votes 		0%
0 votes 		23.3%
10 votes 		20.9%
9 votes 		30.2%
13 votes 		4.7%
2 votes 		2.3%
1 vote[g] 		2.3%
1 vote
March 2 Indiana[8] Not on ballot 4.0%
4 votes 		13.9%
14 votes 		62.4%
63 votes 		5.9%
6 votes 		4.0%
4 votes 		6.9%
7 votes 		Not on ballot 3.0%
3 votes
Pennsylvania[9] 2.2%
3 votes 		4.4%
6 votes 		0.1%
1 vote[h] 		19.0%
26 votes 		22.6%
31 votes 		16.1%
22 votes 		28.5%
39 votes 		6.6%
10 votes[i] 		Not on ballot
March 5 North Carolina[10] 3.6%
183 votes 		7.0%
357 votes 		3.5%
176 votes 		13.3%
676 votes 		3.8%
195 votes 		7.0%
354 votes 		2.7%
137 votes 		18.7%
946 votes[j] 		40.5%
2,058 votes[k]
California[11]
incomplete results, write-in votes not yet tabulated 		100%
21,752 votes 		Not on ballot TBD[l] Not on ballot
Oklahoma[13] Not on ballot 38.9%
362 votes 		Not on ballot 61.1%
569 votes 		Not on ballot
Massachusetts[14] Not on ballot 11.0%
1,089 votes 		4.0%
399 votes 		14.6%
1,453 votes 		5.5%
546 votes 		Not on ballot 3.2%
314 votes 		21.7%
2,161 votes[m] 		40.0%
3,982 votes
Totals as of March 21
(IA, MS, MN, IN, PA, NC, CA, OK, MA) 		57.6%
21,939 votes 		4.8%
1,827 votes 		1.6%
596 votes 		7.4%
2,837 votes 		2.1%
809 votes 		1.1%
405 votes 		1.3%
511 votes 		8.2%
3,127 votes[n] 		15.9%
6,046 votes
May 14 Nebraska TBD Not on ballot TBD Not on ballot
June 4 New Mexico Not on ballot TBD Not on ballot

Candidates[edit | edit source]

Major candidates[edit | edit source]

As of March 2024, at least 35 candidates have filed with the Federal Election Commission to run for the Libertarian Party presidential nomination in 2024.[15]

Declared candidates[edit | edit source]

This section includes declared candidates who have filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Libertarian Party and who meet one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines; b) have participated in at least three Libertarian Party-sponsored debates or c) have received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.

Declared candidates in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries
Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
Announcement date 		Contests
won 		Popular
vote 		Ref.
Charles Ballay for President 2024 (cropped).png

Charles Ballay

January 1, 1970
(age 55)
New Orleans, Louisiana 		Otolaryngologist Flag of Louisiana.svg
Louisiana 		Charles Ballay 2024 Campaign Logo.jpg
Website
August 24, 2023
FEC filing[16] 		1
(CA) 		21,880 (57.5%) [17]
Jacob Hornberger speaking at the University of Arizona (cropped).png
Jacob Hornberger		 January 28, 1950
(age 75)
Laredo, Texas 		Founder and President of the Future of Freedom Foundation
Independent candidate for U.S. Senate from Virginia in 2002
Candidate for President in 2000 and 2020 		Flag of Virginia.svg
Virginia 		Jacob Hornberger 2024 Campaign Logo.png
Website
February 20, 2023
FEC filing[18] 		0 1,827 (4.8%) [19]

Lars Mapstead
Lars Mapstead

August 14, 1969
(age 56)
Monterey, California 		Co-founder of Friend Finder Networks
Founder of Fupa Games and Legendary Speed[20]
Flag of California.svg
California 		Lars Mapstead 2024 Campaign Logo.png
Website
March 23, 2021
FEC filing[21] 		0 596 (1.6%) [22]
Chase Oliver by Gage Skidmore.jpg
Chase Oliver 		August 16, 1985
(age 40)
Nashville, Tennessee 		Nominee for U.S. Senator from Georgia in 2022
Candidate for GA-05 in 2020
Chair of the Atlanta Libertarian Party (2016–2017)
Flag of the State of Georgia.svg
Georgia 		Chase Oliver 2024 Campaign Logo.png
Website
April 5, 2023
FEC filing[23] 		4
(IA, IN, AZ, OK) 		2,837 (7.5%) [24]
Art Olivier (105415391) (cropped).jpg
Art Olivier 		August 24, 1957
(age 68)
Lynwood, California 		Nominee for U.S. Vice President in 2000
Nominee for Governor of California in 2006
Mayor of Bellflower, California (1998–1999)
Flag of California.svg
California 		Art Olivier 2024 Campaign Logo.jpg
Website
December 11, 2023
FEC filing[25] 		0 5 (nil%) [26]
Michael Rectenwald speaking at the Mises Institute.jpg
Michael
Rectenwald 		January 29, 1959
(age 66)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 		Author and Scholar
Former New York University professor (2008–2019)
Flag of Pennsylvania.svg
Pennsylvania 		Michael Rectenwald 2024 Campaign Logo.png
Website
August 28, 2023
FEC filing[27] 		2
(MS, AL) 		809 (2.1%) [19]

Joshua Smith in March 2020.png
Joshua Smith

March 13, 1983
(age 42)
Antioch, California 		Vice Chair of the Libertarian National Committee
(2022–2023)
Flag of Iowa.svg
Iowa 		Joshua Smith 2024.png
Website
July 24, 2023
FEC filing[28] 		1
(MN) 		405 (1.1%) [19]
File:Mike ter Maat Libertarian Candidate for President.jpg
Mike ter Maat 		June 20, 1961
(age 64)
Portland, Oregon 		Economist
Former Hallandale Beach, Florida police officer
Nominee for FL-20 in 2022
Flag of Virginia.svg
Virginia 		Mike ter Maat for President Logo.jpg
Website
April 18, 2022
FEC filing[29] 		1
(PA) 		511 (1.3%) [22]
Alternate ballot options:
No preference/
None of the above/
Uncommitted		 N/A 2
(NC, MA) 		6,046 (15.9%) [10]


Withdrew before the primaries[edit | edit source]

Former candidates in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries
Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
announced 		Campaign
suspended 		Campaign Ref.
Joe Exotic (Santa Rose County Jail).png
Joe Exotic 		March 5, 1963
(age 62)
Garden City, Kansas 		Businessman and media personality
Owner of the Greater Wynnewood Exotic Animal Park (1998–2018)
Independent candidate for president in 2016
Candidate for Governor of Oklahoma in 2018 		 Texas March 10, 2023 April 11, 2023
(running for the Democratic nomination)[30] 		Joe Exotic 2024.png
Website
FEC filing[31] 		[32]

Other candidates[edit | edit source]

The following candidates have achieved at least one of the following: appeared on a primary ballot, received votes in a LP-sanctioned contest that did not require ballot access, or were invited to a party-sanctioned debate or forum.

LNC delegates are not bound to votes in primary elections, so while voters are able choose a candidate, it has no direct effect on the nominee selection at the party's nominating Convention.[33]

On the ballot/received votes in multiple states
  • Joseph Collins Jr., businessman and broadcaster from California (MS, AL, PA)[34][35][36]
On the ballot/received votes in one state
  • "TowerGang" Toad Anderson (NC)[17]
  • David "TrimeTaveler" Dunlap (NC) from Florida[17][37]
  • Beau Lindsey (NC), "anonymous candidate" from Tennessee[17][38][39]
  • Robert Sansone (IA), Air Force veteran and government contractor from Colorado[40]
  • Mario Perales (IA), self-described alien hunter and convicted felon from Iowa[41][42][43]
  • David Reed DeSilva III of Arizona (MN)[44]
On the ballot/received votes in no states
  • Joshua Rodriguez, computer scientist from Colorado[45][46]

Publicly expressed interest[edit | edit source]

As of March 2024, the following notable individuals have - within the previous six months - expressed an interest in running for the Libertarian presidential nomination.

Declined to be candidates[edit | edit source]

The following notable individuals have been the subject of speculation about their possible candidacy but have publicly denied interest in running.

Former potential candidates[edit | edit source]

The following notable individuals have previously shown interest in or have been speculated to be seeking the Libertarian presidential nomination, but as of March 2024, there has been no reliable media coverage of them doing so in the previous six months.

Endorsements[edit | edit source]

Michael Rectenwald
State officials
Notable individuals

Timeline[edit | edit source]

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Active campaign Withdrawn candidate
Midterm elections Libertarian National Convention

Debates and forums[edit | edit source]

Debates[edit | edit source]

The following table lists debates which are sponsored by an affiliate of the Libertarian Party.

Libertarian Party-sponsored debates among candidates for the 2024 Libertarian Party U.S. presidential nomination
Date Place Host Participants
 P  Participant.  I  Invitee.  A  Absent.  N  Confirmed non-invitee.  O  Out of race (exploring, suspended, or not yet entered) Ballay Hornberger Mapstead Oliver Olivier Rectenwald Smith ter Maat Others
October 3, 2023[58] Stanhope, New Jersey North New Jersey Libertarian Party A A A[o] P O P P A[p] A
November 11, 2023[59][q] North Charleston, South Carolina South Carolina Libertarian Party N P P P O P P P N
December 2, 2023[61] Cromwell, Connecticut Connecticut Libertarian Party A P P P O P[r] A[s] P A
January 13, 2024[62] Tucson, Arizona Arizona Libertarian Party A P P P A P A[t] P A
January 15, 2024[63] Des Moines, Iowa Libertarian Party of Iowa A A P P A[u] A P P A
January 20, 2024[64] Jacksonville, Florida Libertarian Party of Florida A P P P A P P P A
January 27, 2024[65] Conyers, Georgia Libertarian Party of Georgia A P P P A P P P P[v]
February 3, 2024[66] Delta, Alabama Libertarian Party of Alabama P P P P A P A P P[w]
February 7, 2024[67][x] Midwest City, Oklahoma Libertarian Party of Oklahoma N P N P N N N N N
February 17, 2024[69] Des Moines, Iowa Libertarian Party of Iowa A A A A P A A P A
February 18, 2024[70][71] Clemmons, North Carolina Libertarian Party of North Carolina A P P P A P A P A[y]
February 23, 2024[72] St. Louis, Missouri Libertarian Party of Missouri A P A A A A A P A
February 24, 2024[73][74] Costa Mesa, California Libertarian Party of California A A A A A P A P P[z]
February 25, 2024[75] Costa Mesa, California Libertarian Party of California P P P A A A A A P[aa]
March 2, 2024[76][77] Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Libertarian Party of Pennsylvania P P A P P P P P A[ab]
March 3, 2024[78] New Brunswick, New Jersey Libertarian Party of New Jersey P P P P A P P P A
March 8, 2024[79] Elmhurst, Illinois Libertarian Party of Illinois P P P P P A[ac] P P A[ad]
March 9, 2024[80] Flint, Michigan Libertarian Party of Michigan P P P P P A[ae] A P A
March 17, 2024[81][82] Watkins Glen, New York Libertarian Party of New York P P P P A P A P P[af]
March 23, 2024[83] Colorado Springs, Colorado Libertarian Party of Colorado A P P P A P A P A
April 6, 2024[84] Metairie, Louisiana Libertarian Party of Louisiana I I I I TBD I TBD I I[ag]
April 12, 2024[85][ah] Corpus Christi, Texas Libertarian Party of Texas N N I I N I N I N
April 20, 2024[86] Overland Park, Kansas Libertarian Party of Kansas TBD I TBD I TBD I I I I[ai]
April 21, 2024[87] Duluth, Minnesota Libertarian Party of Minnesota TBD I I I TBD I I I TBD
Candidate Debates
ter Maat 17
Hornberger 16
Oliver 16
Mapstead 14
Rectenwald 13
Smith 8
Ballay 7
Olivier 4
Collins Jr. 2
Anderson 1

Forums[edit | edit source]

Forums among candidates for the 2024 Libertarian Party U.S. presidential nomination
Date Place Host Participants
 P  Participant.  A  Absent.  O  Out of race (exploring, suspended, or not yet entered) Ballay Hornberger Mapstead Oliver Olivier Rectenwald Smith Maat Others
February 15, 2023[88] Online Larry Sharpe O O P P[aj] O O O P P[ak]
March 26, 2023[89] Unknown, Washington Libertarian Party of Washington O A A P[al] O O O P A
April 26, 2023[45] Online Larry Sharpe O A[am] P P O O O P P[an]
June 24, 2023[91] Lancaster, New Hampshire PorcFest O A P A O O O P A
October 21, 2023[92] Jacksonville, Florida Libertarian Party of Duval County A A P P O P P P A
December 10, 2023[93] Unknown, New Jersey Libertarian Party of New Jersey A P A A O P A P A

Primary election polling[edit | edit source]

State polling[edit | edit source]

Poll source Sample size Date(s) Hornberger Mapstead Oliver Rectenwald ter Maat Others
Iowa State Fair Presidential Straw Poll[94] 143 August 21, 2023 4% 2% 19% 3% 74%[ao]
Suffolk University Massachusetts Poll[95] 10 February 2, 2024 - February 5, 2024 10% 0% 10% 0% 0% 70%[ap]

Campaign finance[edit | edit source]

According to campaign finance laws, an individual must begin filing reports once they raise or spend more than $5,000. This fundraising table includes money raised and spent as of June 30, 2023. As Smith had not officially announced his campaign as of that date, he has not reported any fundraising. Fundraising reports for the third quarter must be filed by October 15, 2023.[96]

Overview of campaign financing for candidates in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries through June 30, 2023
Candidate Total raised Total raised
since last quarter 		Individual contributions Debt Spent Spent since
last quarter 		COH
Total Unitemized Pct
Hornberger[97] $30,386 $12,870 $30,361 $1,611 5.3% $0 $13,338 $3,807 $17,048
Mapstead[98] $158,414 $151,193 $2,300 $1,800 78.3% $150,000 $94,497 $56,871 $101,543
Oliver[99] $24,164 $5,432 22.5% $0 $24,058 $106
Smith, Joshua $0 $0 $0 $0 0.0% $0 $0 $0 $0
ter Maat[100] $126,805 $6,961 $1,937 27.8% $0 $96,820 $29,985
Exotic[101][aq] $10,294 100.0% $0 $8,530 $1,764

Schedule[edit | edit source]

Caucuses and primaries in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries
Date Primaries/caucuses Ref
January 13 Arizona convention [3]
January 15 Iowa caucus [102]
February 3 Alabama convention [103]
February 24 Mississippi convention [6]
February 27 Minnesota caucus [104]
March 2 Indiana convention [105]
Pennsylvania convention [106]
March 5 California primary [107]
Oklahoma primary [108]
Massachusetts primary [109]
North Carolina primary [110]
May 14 Nebraska primary [111]
May 24–26 Convention
June 4 New Mexico primary [112]

Ballot access[edit | edit source]

The following is a table for which candidates have received ballot access in which states. Yes indicates that the candidate was on the ballot for the primary contest, Dropped indicates that the candidate was a recognized write-in candidate, and No indicates that the candidate did not appear on the ballot in that state's contest. Maybe indicates that a candidate withdrew before the election but was still listed on the ballot. If a state does not appear in the table, the filing deadline in the state has not passed.

Ballot access in the 2024 Libertarian presidential preference contests
State Date Ballay Hornberger Mapstead Oliver Olivier Rectenwald Smith ter Maat Other Ref
AZ Jan 13 No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No [113]
IA Jan 15 Ballot access not required
AL Feb 3 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes[ar] [114]
MS Feb 24 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes[as] [6]
MN Feb 27 All FEC filed candidates qualified [104]
IN Mar 2 No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No [115]
PA Yes Yes Write-in Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes[at] [106]
MA Mar 5 No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No [116]
NC Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes[au] [117]
CA Yes No No Write-in No No No No No [118][119]
OK No Yes No Yes No No No No No [120]
NE May 14 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No [121]
NM Jun 4 No No Yes No No No No No No [122]


See also[edit | edit source]

Notes[edit | edit source]

  1. ^ a b c d e f Popular vote totals are incomplete as some contests do not report raw vote totals.
  2. ^ Includes ‘No Preference’ in North Carolina
  3. ^ a b Popular Vote Unavailable
  4. ^ Not included in popular vote total
  5. ^ 4 votes for Vivek Ramaswamy (Not a candidate), 2 votes for Robert Sansone, 2 votes for Mario Perales, 1 vote for Art Olivier
  6. ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
  7. ^ 1 vote for David Reed DeSilva III
  8. ^ As a write-in candidate
  9. ^ 4 votes for Art Olivier, 1 vote for Joseph Collins Jr., 2 write-in votes for Toad Anderson, 1 write-in vote for Dave Smith (not a candidate), and 1 write-in vote for Rowan Atkinson (not a candidate)
  10. ^ 464 votes (9.1%) for David (TrimeTaveler) Dunlap, 320 votes (6.3%) for Beau Lindsey, 162 votes (3.2%) for John “Toad” Anderson
  11. ^ Listed as No Preference
  12. ^ As a write-in candidate[12]
  13. ^ Scattered write-ins
  14. ^ 5.7% for Scattered write-ins, 1.2% for David "Trime Taveler" Dunlap, 0.9% for Beau Lindsey, 0.4% for John "Toad" Anderson, <0.1% for Art Olivier, Vivek Ramaswamy (ran as a Republican), Robert Sansone, Mario Perales, David Reed DeSilva III, Joseph Collins Jr., Dave Smith (not a candidate)
  15. ^ Participated in a virtual interview prior to the debate
  16. ^ Participated in a virtual interview prior to the debate
  17. ^ To qualify candidates needed to have raised $10,000 and to have campaigned in ten states[60]
  18. ^ Participated virtually
  19. ^ Was announced as a participant but did not attend
  20. ^ Was announced as a participant but did not attend
  21. ^ Was announced as a participant but did not attend
  22. ^ Toad Anderson
  23. ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
  24. ^ Only candidates on the ballot in Oklahoma were invited.[68]
  25. ^ David 'TrimeTaveler' Dunlap was advertised as a candidate but did not attend
  26. ^ Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (running as independent). Jill Stein (running for Green Party nomination) was advertised as a participant but did not attend
  27. ^ Cornel West (running as independent)
  28. ^ Joseph Collins Jr. was advertised as a participant but did not attend
  29. ^ Was advertised as a participant but did not attend
  30. ^ Joshua Rodriguez was advertised as a participant but did not attend
  31. ^ Was advertised as a participant but did not attend
  32. ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
    Jill Stein (running for Green Party nomination) was advertised as a participant but did not attend
  33. ^ Joseph Collins Jr., Brett Dillon (running as an Independent)
  34. ^ The four campaigns whose supporters raised the most money in the state's 'Vote with your dollars' campaign will qualify for the debate
  35. ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
  36. ^ Oliver was not officially in the race
  37. ^ Joshua Rodriguez
  38. ^ Oliver was not officially in the race
  39. ^ Invited but did not attend[90]
  40. ^ Joshua Rodriguez
  41. ^ Avouris 8%, Babicz 4%, Biondi 8%, DeLeon 2%, DeSilva 6%, Dunlap 4%, Ferry 4%, Gagnon 3%, Garcia 7%, Lee 1%, Rodriguez 1%, Stewart 6%, Vaught Jr. 1%, Wagner 19%
  42. ^ Undecided 70%
  43. ^ Note that this table also includes fundraising data from Exotic's campaign as a Democratic presidential candidate.
  44. ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
  45. ^ Joseph Collins Jr., write-ins were also counted
  46. ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
  47. ^ Toad Anderson, David "TrimeTaveler" Dunlap, Beau Lindsey

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ^ "2024 Libertarian National Convention" Archived February 24, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, LP.org.
  2. ^ Winger, Richard (July 22, 2022) "Libertarian Party Presidential Convention in 2024 Will be in Washington, D.C." Archived February 24, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, Ballot Access News.
  3. ^ a b "Arizona Straw Poll results".
  4. ^ Bunge, Mike (January 16, 2024). "Libertarian Party of Iowa announces the winner of its statewide Presidential caucus". KIMT. Allen Media Broadcasting. Archived from the original on January 16, 2024. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
  5. ^ "LP Alabama". Facebook. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  6. ^ a b c @LPMississippi (February 25, 2024). "The attendees of our annual convention in Flowood, MS, participated in the party's first presidential straw poll" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  7. ^ "Results are in!".
  8. ^ "2024 LPIN Presidential Straw Poll Results".
  9. ^ "Straw Poll Results".
  10. ^ a b "03/05/2024 UNOFFICIAL PRIMARY ELECTION RESULTS - STATEWIDE", North Carolina State Board of Elections.
  11. ^ "California Presidential Primary Election Tuesday, March 5, 2024 Unofficial Election Results - President Libertarian - Statewide Results", California Secretary of State.
  12. ^ Weber, Shirley N. (February 3, 2024). "CERTIFIED LIST OF PRESIDENTIAL WRITE-IN CANDIDATES MARCH 5, 2024, PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARY ELECTION" (PDF). OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE STATE OF CALIFORNIA.
  13. ^ "Unofficial Results". results.okelections.us. Oklahoma State Election Board. Retrieved March 6, 2024.
  14. ^ "2024 President Libertarian Primary". Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved March 12, 2024.
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