List of former sovereign states

A historical sovereign state is a state that once existed, but has since been dissolved due to conflict, war, rebellion, annexation, or uprising. This page lists sovereign states, countries, nations, or empires that have ceased to exist as political entities, grouped geographically and by constitutional nature.^{[note 1]}

The most recent sovereign states to cease to exist within each continent are:

• Africa: The Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, which was overthrown in a civil war in 2011 to form the State of Libya.
• Asia: The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, which was overthrown by the Taliban in 2021 after a 20-year long armed conflict to form the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
• Europe: Serbia and Montenegro was dissolved in 2006, which later formed the modern separate countries of Montenegro and Serbia, as well as the partially recognized state of Kosovo since 2008, which is claimed by Serbia. Russia annexed four oblasts of Ukraine following disputed referendums in 2022.
• North America: The Duvalier dynasty of Haiti, which was removed in 1986 to form the Republic of Haiti.
• South America: The Republic of Venezuela, which was reformed in 1999 into the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Criteria for inclusion[edit | edit source]

The criteria for inclusion in this list are similar to that of the list of states with limited recognition. To be included here, a polity must have claimed statehood and either:

• had de facto control over a territory, a population, a government, a capacity to enter into relations with other states, or
• have been recognised as a state by at least one other state.

For purposes of this list, the cutoff between medieval and early modern states is the fall of Constantinople in 1453.

Ancient and medieval states[edit | edit source]

• List of Copper Age states
• List of Bronze Age states
• List of Classical Age states
• List of Iron Age states
• List of states during Late Antiquity
• List of states during the Middle Ages

Modern states and territories by geography[edit | edit source]

Africa[edit | edit source]

Morocco (Maghreb al-Aqsa)[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of Morocco (780 1070) (1258 1659).svg Idrisid dynasty (788–974)
• Almoravid dynasty (1040–1147)
• File:Flag of Morocco (1147-1269).svg Almohad Caliphate (1121–1269)
• File:Flag of Morocco (1258-1659).svg Marinid Sultanate (1244–1465)
• File:Flag of Morocco (1258-1659).svg Wattasid dynasty (1472–1549)
• File:Flag of Morocco (1258-1659).svg Saadi Sultanate (1510–1649)
• File:Flag of the Republic of Salé (1624-1668).svg Republic of Salé (1627–1668)
• File:Flag of Morocco (1666–1915).svg 'Alawi dynasty (1631–1912)
• File:Flag of the Republic of the Rif.svg Republic of the Rif (1921–1926)

Egypt, Sudan and Libya[edit | edit source]

• Kingdom of Kush (1070 BC–550 AD)
• File:The flag of the 'Kingdom of Dongola' (Makuria) in the "Book of all kingdoms" (C. 1350).png Makuria (5th century–Late 15th/16th century)
• Alodia (6th century–c. 1500)
• File:Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg Ayyubid dynasty (1171–1260a/1341)
• File:Mameluke Flag.svg Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517)
• File:Flag of Egypt (1844-1867).svg Egypt Eyalet (1517–1867)
• Kingdom of Fazughli (c. 1500–1685)
• File:Royal Funj "wasm" (branding mark).png Sultanate of Sennar (1504–1821)
• File:Flag of Darfur.svg Sultanate of Darfur (1603–1874/1898–1916)
• File:Flag of the Mahdi movement in Sudan.svg Mahdist State (1885–1899)
• File:Flag of Egypt (1882-1922).svg Sultanate of Egypt (1914–1922)
• File:Flag of the Tripolitanian Republic.svg Tripolitanian Republic (1918–1922)
• File:Flag of Egypt (1922–1958).svg Kingdom of Egypt (1922–1953)
• File:Flag of Cyrenaica.svg Emirate of Cyrenaica (1949–1951)
• File:Flag of Libya.svg Kingdom of Libya (1951–1969)
• File:Flag of Egypt (1953–1958).svg Republic of Egypt (1953–1958)
• File:Flag of Sudan (1956–1970).svg Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969)
• File:Flag of the United Arab Republic (1958–1971).svg United Arab Republic (1958–1971)
• File:Flag of Sudan.svg Democratic Republic of the Sudan (1969–1985)
• File:Flag of Libya (1972–1977).svg Libyan Arab Republic (1969–1977)
• File:Flag of Libya (1977–2011).svg Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)
• File:Flag of Libya.svg National Transitional Council (2011–2012)

Algeria (Central Maghreb)[edit | edit source]

• Emirate of Tlemcen (757-790)
• Rustamid dynasty (761–909)
• Aghlabid dynasty (800–909)
• Fatimid Caliphate (909–1171)
• Zirid dynasty (972–1148)
• File:Hafsid Flag - Tunisia.svg Hafsid dynasty (1229–1574)
• File:Dz tlem2.png Kingdom of Tlemcen (1235–1556)
• File:Flag of Kuku (West of Kabylia).png Kingdom of Kuku (1515–1638)
• File:Drapeau des seigneurs de la Medjana.png Kingdom of Beni Abbas (1510–1871)
• File:Touggourt Coat of Arms (French Algeria).svg Sultanate of Tuggurt (?–1871)
• File:Flag of Ottoman Algiers.svg Regency of Algiers (1516–1830)
• File:Flag of the Emirate of Mascara.svg Emirate of Abdelkader (1832–1847)

Comoro Islands[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of the Comoros (1963–1975).svg State of the Comoros (1963–1978)
• File:Flag of the Comoros (1975–1978).svg Ali Soilih Regime (1976–1978)
• File:Flag of the Comoros (1996–2001).svg Federal and Islamic Republic of the Comoros (1978–2001)
• File:Flag of Anjouan (official).svg State of Anjouan (1997–2002), (2007–2008)

Madagascar[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of the Antankarana Kingdom.svg Kingdom of Antankarana – made a French protectorate in 1843, annexed in 1895
• File:Flag of the Antongila Kingdom (1773-1786).svg Kingdom of Antongil (1773–1786)
• File:Flag of the Boina Kingdom.svg Kingdom of Boina (c. 1690–1840)
• File:Flag of the Menabe Kingdom.svg Kingdom of Menabe (c. 1685–1834)
• File:Flag of the Merina Kingdom.svg Kingdom of Imerina (1540–1897)
• File:Flag of the Tamatave Kingdom (1750-1819).svg Kingdom of Tamatave (1712–1828)
• File:Flag of the Tanibe Kingdom (1822-1828).svg Kingdom of Tanibe (1822–1828)
• File:Flag of Madagascar.svg Malagasy Republic (1958–1975)
• File:Flag of Madagascar.svg Democratic Republic of Madagascar (1975–1992)
• File:Flag of Madagascar.svg Third Republic of Madagascar (1992–2010)

Sub-Saharan Africa[edit | edit source]

• File:Kanem flag from dulcerta 1339-pt.svg Kanem–Bornu Empire (c. 700–1380)
• File:Bornu flag.tif Bornu Empire (c. 1380–1893)
• File:Flag of the Shilluk.svg Shilluk Kingdom (15th century–1861)
• Wadai Empire (1501–1912)
• Kingdom of Baguirmi (1480/1522–1897)
• File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Empire (1976–1979)

Horn of Africa[edit | edit source]

• Kingdom of Aksum (c. 80 BCE– c. 960 CE)
• Medri Bahri (c. 1137–1879)
• File:Flag of Adal Sultanate.svg Adal Sultanate (1415–1559)
• File:Red flag.svg Imamate of Aussa (16th century–1750)
• File:Red flag.svg Aussa Sultanate (1734–1936)
• File:Isaaq Flag.svg Isaaq Sultanate (1750–1884)
• Habr Yunis Sultanate (c. 1769–1907)
• File:Muzzaffar (Mogadishu area) flag according to 1576 Portuguese map.svg Ajuran Sultanate (13th century–17th century)
• File:Red flag.svg Sultanate of Hobyo (1878–1925)
• File:Red flag.svg Majeerteen Sultanate (c. 1800–1924)
• Sultanate of the Geledi (17th century–1910)
• Sultanate of Bale (13th century–c. 1320)
• Kingdom of Simien
• Kingdom of Kaffa (c. 1390–1897)
• Hadiya Sultanate (13th century–15th century)
• Welayta Kingdom (c. 1250–1894)
• Kingdom of Janjero (c.15th century–1894)
• Kingdom of Gumma (c. 1770–1902)
• Kingdom of Gomma (c. 1780– 1886)
• Kingdom of Gera (c. 1835–1887)
• Kingdom of Jimma (1790–1932)
• Ennarea (14th century–c. 1710)
• Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea (1801–1891)
• Emirate of Harar (1647–1887)
• File:Flag of Somalia.svg State of Somaliland (1960)
• File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somali Republic (1960–1969)
• File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somali Democratic Republic (1969–1991)
• File:Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svg Ethiopian Empire (1270–1974)
• File:Flag of Ethiopia (1975–1987).svg Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia (1974–1987)
• File:Flag of Ethiopia (1987-1991).svg People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1987–1991)

Western Africa[edit | edit source]

• Emirate of Trarza (1640–1902)
• Emirate of Tagant
• Emirate of Brakna
• File:Flag of the Mali Empire.svg Mali Empire (c. 1230 – c. 1670)
• Bamana Empire (1712–1861)
• Khasso (17th century–19th century)
• Sultanate of Agadez (1449–1900)
• Songhai Empire (c. 1340–1591)
• Mossi States
  • Gurunsi (c. 1870–1899)
  • Gwiriko Kingdom (1714–1897)
  • Liptako (1718–1897, fully disestablished 1963)
  • Tenkodogo (c. 1120–1897)
  • Wogodogo (1182?–1897)
  • Yatenga (?–1895)
  • Bilanga
  • Bilayanga
  • Bongandini
  • Con
  • Macakoali
  • Piela
  • Nungu (1204–1895)
• Zabarma Emirate (1860–1897)
• File:Flag of the Sokoto Caliphate.svg Sokoto Caliphate (1804–1903)
• Sultanate of Damagaram (1731–1851)
• Empire of Great Fulo (Denanke Kingdom) (1490–1776)
• Imamate of Futa Toro (1725–1861)
• Jolof Empire (1350–1549)
• Kingdom of Jolof (1549–1875)
• Kingdom of Sine (c. 1520–1867, fully disestablished 1969)
• Kingdom of Saloum (1494–1864, fully disestablished 1969)
• Kingdom of Baol (1555–1895)
• Kingdom of Cayor (1549–1879)
• Kingdom of Waalo (1287–1855)
• Bundu (?–1858)
• File:Flag of The Gambia.svg National Revolutionary Council of the Gambia (30 July 1981 – 5 August 1981)
• Kaabu (1537–1867)
• File:Flag of the Imamate of Futa Djallon (pre-1896).svg Imamate of Futa Jallon (1725–1912)
• Toucouleur Empire (1861–1890)
• File:Flag of the Wassoulou Empire.svg Wassoulou Empire (1878–1898)
• Kong Empire (1710–1898)
• Kingdom of Dagbon (c. 1250–1899?)
• File:Flag of Ashanti.svg Ashanti Empire (1670/1701–1902)
• Bonoman (11th century–20th century)
• Gyaaman (c. 1450–1895)
• Denkyira (c. 1500–1701)
• Mankessim Kingdom (1252–1844)
• Fante Confederacy (16th century–1873)
• Kingdom of Whydah
• File:Flag of Ghezo of Dahomey.svg Kingdom of Dahomey (c. 1600–1904)
• Oyo Empire (c. 1300–1896)
• Kingdom of Benin (1180–1897)
• Kingdom of Nri (10th century?–1911)
• File:Flag of the Aro Confederacy.svg Aro Confederacy (1690–1902)
• Kwararafa (c. 1500 – c. 1840)
• File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Thomas Sankara's Burkina Faso government (1984–1987)
• File:Flag of Guinea.svg People's Revolutionary Republic of Guinea (1979–1984)
• File:Flag of the Republic of Maryland.svg Republic of Maryland (1854–1857)
• File:Flag of Ghana.svg Dominion of Ghana (1957–1960)
• File:Flag of Ghana (1964–1966).svg First Republic of Ghana (1960–1966)
• File:Flag of Ghana.svg Second Republic of Ghana (1966–1979)
• File:Flag of Ghana.svg Third Republic of Ghana (1979–1993)
• File:Flag of Benin.svg Republic of Dahomey (1958–1975)
• File:Flag of Benin (1975–1990).svg People's Republic of Benin (1975–1990)
• File:Flag of the Republic of Benin.svg Republic of Benin (September 19, 1967 – September 20, 1967)
• File:Flag of Biafra.svg Biafra (1967–1970)
• File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Federation of Nigeria (1960–1963)
• File:Flag of Nigeria.svg First Nigerian Republic (1963–1966)
• File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Federal Republic of Nigeria (first junta) (1966–1979)
• File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Second Nigerian Republic (1979–1983)
• File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Federal Republic of Nigeria (second junta) (1983–1999)

African Great Lakes[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of Buganda (1892).svg Buganda (14th century–1894, still exists as traditional kingdom)
• File:Flag of Bunyoro, Uganda.svg Bunyoro (13th century–1897, still exists as traditional kingdom)
• File:Flag of Ankole.svg Ankole (1478–1901, fully disestablished 1967)
• File:Flag of Toro, Uganda.svg Toro Kingdom (1830–1876, still exists as traditional kingdom)
• File:Flag of Busoga (royal standard).png Busoga (?–1906, still exists as traditional kingdom)
• Kingdom of Rwanda (11th century–1885, fully disestablished 1962)
• File:Flag of Burundi (1962–1966).svg Kingdom of Burundi (1680–1890/1962–1966)
• Kingdom of Karagwe
• Uganda (monarchy in The Commonwealth) (1962–1963)
• First Republic of Uganda (1962–1971)
• Second Republic of Uganda (1971–1979)
• Third Republic of Uganda (1979–1986)

Eastern Africa[edit | edit source]

• Pate Sultanate (1203–1870)
• Malindi Kingdom (9th century–15th century)
• Mombasa Sultanate (1502–1887, fully disestablished 1963)
• File:Flag of the Witu Protectorate (1893-1920).svg Witu Sultanate (c. 1810–1905/1923)
• Kilwa Sultanate (957–1513)
• Kingdom of Maravi (c. 1480–1891)
• File:Flag of the Sultanate of Zanzibar (1963).svg Sultanate of Zanzibar (pre–1503/4, 1856–1890, 1963–1964)
• File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya (1963–1964)
• File:Flag of Zanzibar (January-April 1964).svg People's Republic of Zanzibar (1964)
• File:Flag of Tanganyika (1961–1964).svg Tanganyika (1961–1962)
• File:Flag of Mozambique (1975–1983).svg People's Republic of Mozambique (1975–1990)

Central Africa[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of the Kingdom of Loango.svg Kingdom of Loango (c. 1550 – c. 1883)
• Yaka Kingdom (17th century–18th century)
• Anziku Kingdom (?–19th century)
• File:Flag of the Kingdom of Kongo.svg Kingdom of Kongo (1390–1914)
• Kuba Kingdom (1625–1884)
• Kingdom of Luba (1585–1889)
• Kingdom of Lunda (c. 1600–1887)
• Yeke Kingdom (1856–1891)
• Kingdom of Ndongo (16th century–1671)
• Kasanje Kingdom (1620–1910)
• Kingdom of Matamba (1631–1744)
• Mbunda Kingdom (1700–1914)
• Chokwe Kingdom
• Kazembe Kingdom
• File:Flag of the People's Republic of Congo.svg People's Republic of the Congo (1969–1992)
• File:Flag of Congo-Kinshasa (1966-1971).svg Congo-Léopoldville (1960–1971)
• International Association of the Congo (1879–1885)
• File:Flag of Congo Free State.svg Congo Free State (1885–1908)
• File:Flag of Zaire (1971–1997).svg Republic of Zaire (1971–1997)

Southern Africa[edit | edit source]

• Kingdom of Mapungubwe (c. 1075–c. 1220)
• File:Flag of Barotseland.svg Kingdom of Barotseland
• File:Coat of arms granted in 1569 by the King of Portugal to Monomatapa.svg Kingdom of Mutapa (1430–1760)
• Kingdom of Zimbabwe (1220–1450)
• Kingdom of Butua (1450–c. 1683)
• Rozvi Empire (1660–1889)
• Kingdom of Mthwakazi (1823–1894)
• Ndebele Kingdom
• Gaza Empire (1824–1895)
• Mthethwa Empire (c. 1780–1817)
• File:Flag of the Zulu Kingdom (1884–1897).svg Zulu Kingdom (1816–1897)
• File:Voortrekker flag.svg Potchefstroom Republic (1830)
• File:Voortrekker flag.svg Winburg Republic (1836)
• File:Voortrekker flag.svg Republic of Winburg-Potchefstroom (1838)
• File:Voortrekker flag.svg Andries-Ohringstad Republic (1845)
• File:Voortrekker flag.svg Zoutpansberg Republic (1857)
• File:Flag of Transvaal.svg South African Republic (Transvaal) (1856–1877, 1881–1902)
• File:Flag of the Orange Free State.svg Orange Free State (1854–1902)
• File:FlagGriekwalandEast.svg Griqualand East (1862-1874)
• File:Flag of Nieuwe Republiek.svg Nieuwe Republiek (1884–1888)
• File:Flag of Natalia Republic.svg Natalia Republic (1839–1843)
• File:Flag of the Republic of Goshen.svg State of Goshen (1882–1883)
• File:Flag of Stellaland.svg Republic of Stellaland (1882–1885)
• File:Flag of Stellaland (1883-5).svg United States of Stellaland (1883–1885)
• File:Flag of Germany (1867–1919).svg Republic of Upingtonia (1885–1887)
• File:Flag of South Africa (1928–1994).svg Union of South Africa (1910–1961)
• File:Flag of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953–1963).svg Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953–1963)
• File:Flag of South Africa (1928–1994).svg South African Federation (1961–1994)
  • File:Flag of Bophuthatswana (1972–1994).svg Bophuthatswana (1977–1994)
  • File:Flag of Ciskei.svg Ciskei (1981–1994)
  • File:Flag of Transkei.svg Transkei (1976–1994)
  • File:Flag of Venda (1973–1994).svg Venda (1979–1994)
• File:Flag of Rhodesia (1968–1979).svg Rhodesia (1965–1979)
• File:Flag of Zimbabwe Rhodesia.svg Zimbabwe Rhodesia (1979)
• File:Flag of Angola.svg People's Republic of Angola (1975–1992)

Asia[edit | edit source]

Central Asia[edit | edit source]

• Mongol Empire (1206–1368)
• File:Flag of Chagatai Khanate.svg Chagatai Khanate (1225–1680)
• Kart dynasty (1244–1381)
• Uzbek Khanate (1428–1471)
• Nogai Horde (1440–1634)
• Kazakh Khanate (1465–1848)
• Khanate of Bukhara (1506–1785)
• Dzungar Khanate (1634–1755)
• Khanate of Kokand (1709–1868)
• File:Flag of the Emirate of Bukhara.svg Emirate of Bukhara (1785–1873)
• File:Proposed Flag of the Alash Autonomy.svg Alash Autonomy (1917–1918)
• File:Flag of the Turkestan (Kokand) Autonomy.svg Turkestan Autonomy (1917–1918)
• File:Flag of the Khanate of Khiva.svg Khanate of Khiva (1511–1920)
• File:Confederated Republic of Altai Flag.svg Confederated Republic of Altai (1917–1920)
• File:Confederated Republic of Altai (1921-1922).svg Second Confederated Republic of Altai (1921–1922)
• File:Flag of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic.svg Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (1920–1925)
• File:Flag of Khiva 1920-1923.svg Khorezm People's Soviet Republic (1920–1925)
• File:Flag of the First East Turkestan Republic.svg First East Turkestan Republic (1933–1934)
• File:Flag of the Second East Turkestan Republic.svg Second East Turkestan Republic (1944–1949)

East Asia[edit | edit source]

• Liao dynasty (916–1125)
• Khamag Mongol (10th century–1206)
• Northern Fujiwara (1087–1189)
• Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
• Kamakura shogunate (1192–1333)
• Yuan dynasty (1271–1368)
• File:Nishiki no Mihata.svg Ashikaga shogunate (1336–1573)
• File:Seal of Ming dynasty.svg Ming dynasty (1368–1644)
• File:Flag of Ming Cheng.svg Kingdom of Tungning (1661–1683)
• File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Republic of China (based on mainland China 1912–1949; continued existence on Taiwan since 1949 – internationally recognized until 1971)
• File:Mon-Oda.png Azuchi–Momoyama (1568–1600)
• File:Flag of the Tokugawa Shogunate.svg Tokugawa shogunate (1603–1868)
• File:POL COA Gryf.svg Jaxa (1665–1674)
• File:Seal of Ezo.svg Republic of Ezo (1869)
• File:Flag of Formosa 1895.svg Republic of Formosa (1895)
• File:National Flag of Chinese Soviet Republic.svg Hunan Soviet in a continental Chinese province (1927)
• File:National Flag of Chinese Soviet Republic.svg Jiangxi Soviet (1931–1937)
• File:Flag of Fujian People's Government.svg People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China (1933–1934)
• File:Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg Hunan Soviet (1927)
• File:Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg Guangzhou Commune (1927)
• File:Chinese soviet flag.svg Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet (1931–1934)
• File:Flag of Allied Occupied Japan.svg Allied Occupied Japan (1945–1952)
• File:中國工農紅軍軍旗.svg Soviet Zone of China (1927–1949)
• File:Flag of Manchukuo.svg Manchukuo (1932–1945)
• File:Flag of China (1889–1912).svg Qing dynasty (1636–1912)
• File:Flag of China (1912–1928).svg East Hebei Autonomous Government (1935–1938)
• File:Flag of the Mengjiang.svg Mengjiang United Autonomous Government (1939–1945)
• File:Flag of the Dadao Municipal Government of Shanghai.svg Shanghai Great Way Government (1937–1938)
• File:Flag of China (1912–1928).svg Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940)
• File:Flag of China (1912–1928).svg Reformed Government of the Republic of China (1938–1940)
• File:Flag of the Republic of China-Nanjing (Peace, Anti-Communism, National Construction).svg Reorganized National Government of China (1940–1945)
• File:Flag of Bogd Khaanate Mongolia.svg Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1919)
• File:Flag of the Mongolian People's Republic (1924–1930).svg People's Republic of Mongolia (1921–1924)
• File:Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1940-1992).svg Mongolian People's Republic (1924–1992)
• File:Flag of Inner-Mongolian Autonomous Government.svg Inner Mongolian People's Republic (1945)
• File:Flag of Ryukyu.svg Ryukyu Kingdom (1429–1879)
• File:Flag of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.svg Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851–1864)
• File:Tibetan snow leopard.svg Tibet under Ganden Phodrang government (1644–1720)
• File:Flag of Tibet.svg Tibet (1912–1951)
• File:Tibetan snow leopard.svg Tibetan states (900–1240, 1300–1620)
• File:Tibetan snow leopard.svg Tibetan Empire (618–842)
• File:Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1933-1939).svg Tuvan People's Republic (1921–1944)
• Uryankhay Republic (1911–1914)
• File:Flag of Uriankhai (1918-1921).svg Uryankhay Krai (1914)

Korean Peninsula[edit | edit source]

• Gojoseon (Unknown(2333BC?)–108 BC)
• Jin (4th century BCE–2nd century BCE)
• File:Military Flag of Goguryeo (Ssangyeongchong).svg Goguryeo (37 BC–668 AD)
• Baekje (18 BC–660 AD)
• Gaya confederacy (42-562)
• File:Military Banner of Silla.svg Silla (57 BC-935 AD)
• Balhae (698-926)
• File:Royal flag of Goryeo (Bong-gi).svg Goryeo (918-1392)
• File:Flag of the king of Joseon.svg Joseon (1392–1897)
• File:Flag of Korea (1899).svg Korean Empire (1897–1910)
• Korean People's Association in Manchuria (1929–1931)
• File:Flag of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.svg Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (1919–1945)
• File:Flag of the People's Committee of Korea.svg People's Republic of Korea (1945–1946)
• File:Flag of South Korea (1948–1949).svg First Republic of Korea (1948–1960)
• File:Flag of South Korea (1949–1984).svg Second Republic of Korea (1960–1961)
• File:Flag of South Korea (1949–1984).svg Supreme Council for National Reconstruction (1961–1963)
• File:Flag of South Korea (1949–1984).svg Third Republic of Korea (1963–1972)
• File:Flag of South Korea (1949–1984).svg Fourth Republic of Korea (1972–1981)
• File:Flag of South Korea (1949–1984).svg Fifth Republic of Korea (1981–1987)

West Asia[edit | edit source]

Afghanistan[edit | edit source]

• File:Black flag.svg Hotak dynasty (1709–1738)
• File:Flag of Herat until 1842.svg Durrani Empire (1747–1826)
• File:Flag of Afghanistan (1919–1921).svg Emirate of Afghanistan (1823–1926)
• File:Flag of Afghanistan (1928-1929) (variant).svg Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926–1973)
• Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978)
• Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978–1992)
• File:Flag of Afghanistan (1992–2001).svg Islamic State of Afghanistan (1992–2002)
• File:Flag of Afghanistan (2002–2004).svg Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan (2002–2004)
• File:Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004–2021)
• File:Flag of Jihad.svg Islamic Revolutionary State of Afghanistan (1980)
• File:Flag of Jihad.svg Islamic Emirate of Badakhshan (1996)
• File:Flag of Jihad.svg Islamic Emirate of Kunar (1991)

Anatolia[edit | edit source]

• File:Double-headed eagle of the Sultanate of Rum.svg Sultanate of Rum (1077–1308)
• File:Banner of the Principality of Antioch.png Principality of Antioch (1098–1268)
• File:Candar.svg Beylik of Isfendiyar (1292–1461)
• File:Flag of the Afshar Tribe.svg Alaiye (1293–1471)
• Beylik of Bafra (14th century–1460)
• File:Komnenos-Trebizond-Arms.svg Empire of Trebizond (1204–1461)
• Beylik of Alaiye (1293–1471)
• Beylik of Karaman (1250–1487)
• Beylik of Dulkadir (1337–1522)
• Ramadanid Emirate (1352–1608)
• Aq Qoyunlu (1378–1501)
• Kara Koyunlu (1374–1468)
• Emirate of Hasankeyf (1232–1524)
• File:Flag of the South West Caucasian Republic.svg Kars Republic (1918–1919)
• File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire (c. 1281–1923)

Cyprus[edit | edit source]

• File:Royal banner of Janus of Cyprus.svg Kingdom of Cyprus (1192–1489)

Mesopotamia[edit | edit source]

• File:Vexillum Regni Hierosolymae.svg Kingdom of Jerusalem (1099–1187, 1192–1291)
• File:Flag of Kingdom of Kurdistan (1922-1924).svg Kingdom of Kurdistan (1922–1924)
• File:Flag of Iraq (1924–1959).svg Kingdom of Iraq (1932–1958)
• File:Flag of Jordan.svg Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan (1946–1949)
• File:Flag of Hejaz 1917.svg All-Palestine Government (1948–1967)
• File:Flag of the Arab Federation.svg Arab Federation (1958)
• File:Flag of Iraq (1959–1963).svg Iraqi Republic (1958–1968)
• File:Flag of the Israel Defense Forces.svg Israeli Military Governorate (1967–1981/82)
• File:Flag of Iraq (1991–2004).svg Ba'athist Iraq (1968–2003)

Persia[edit | edit source]

• File:Elymais Emblem.svg Elymais (147 BC–224 AD)
• File:Derafsh Kaviani flag of the late Sassanid Empire.svg Sasanian Empire (224–651)
• Achaemenid Empire (550 BC–330 BC)
• Median dynasty (c. 678 BC–c. 549 BC)
• File:Flag of Ilkhanate.svg Jalayirid Sultanate (1335–1432)
• Ilkhanate (1256–1335)
• Kar-Kiya dynasty (1370s–1592)
• Baduspanids (665–1598)
• Marashiyan dynasty (1359–1596)
• Afrasiyab dynasty (1349–1504)
• Mihrabanid dynasty (1236–1537)
• File:Timurid.svg Timurid Empire (1370–1507)
• File:Safavid Flag.svg Safavid Iran (1501–1736)
• File:Afsharid Imperial Standard (3 Stripes).svg Afsharid dynasty (1736–1796)
• File:Zand Dynasty flag.svg Zand dynasty (1751–1794)
• File:State flag of Persia (1907–1933).svg Sublime State of Persia (1789–1925)
• File:Flag of Persian Socialist Soviet Republic.svg Persian Soviet Socialist Republic in Gilan (Iran) (1920–1921)
• File:Azerbaijan people's government flag.svg Azerbaijan People's Government (1941–1946)
• File:Flag of Mahabad (1946–1947).png Republic of Mahabad (1946–1947)
• File:State flag of Iran (1964–1980).svg Imperial State of Iran (1925–1979)
• File:Flag of Iran (1964–1980).svg Interim Government of Iran (1979)

Levant[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of Kingdom of Syria (1920-03-08 to 1920-07-24).svg Arab Kingdom of Syria (1920)
• File:Flag of Syria (1930–1932).svg First Syrian Republic (1946–1950)
• File:Flag of Syria (1932-1958; 1961-1963).svg Second Syrian Republic (1950–1963)
• United Arab Republic (1958–1971)
• File:Former Flag of the Lebanese Army.svg Free Lebanon State (1979–1984)
• File:AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg Islamic State (2014–2017)

Arabian Peninsula[edit | edit source]

• File:Abbassid banner.svg Rashidun Caliphate (632–661)
• File:White flag 3 to 2.svg Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
• File:Abbassid banner.svg Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258)
• File:Flag of Kuwait 1940-1961.png Sheikhdom of Kuwait (1613–1961)
• File:شعار دولة بني خالد.jpg Bani Khalid Emirate (1669–1796)
• File:Flag of the 1st and 2nd Saudi State.svg Emirate of Diriyah (1744–1812)
• File:Flag of the Second Saudi State.svg Emirate of Najd (1812–1891)
• File:Flag of Muscat.svg Muscat and Oman (1820–1970)
• File:Flag of the Emirate of Ha'il.svg Emirate of Jabal Shammar (1836–1921)
• File:Flag of the Second Saudi State.svg Emirate of Riyadh (1902–1913)
• File:Flag of the Idrisid Emirate of Asir (1909-1927).svg Idrisid Emirate of Asir (1906–1934)
• File:Flag of Upper Asir.svg Sheikdom of Upper Asir (1916–1920)
• File:Flag of the Emirate of Nejd and Hasa.svg Emirate of Najd and Hasa (1913–1921)
• File:Flag of the Sultanate of Nejd.svg Sultanate of Najd (1921–1925)
• File:Flag of Hejaz 1917.svg Kingdom of Hejaz (1916–1925)
• File:Flag of the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd.svg Kingdom of Hejaz and Najd (1926–1932)
• File:Flag of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.svg Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1962)
• File:Flag of the Sultanate of Fadhli.svg Fadhli Sultanate (15th century–1888)
• File:Flag of Quaiti Hadramaut.svg Qu'aiti Sultanate in Hadhramaut (1858–1888)
• File:Flag of the State of Upper Yafa.svg Sultanate of Upper Yafa (1800–1903)
• File:Flag of Lower Yafa.svg Sultanate of Lower Yafa (1800–1895)
• File:Flag of Beihan.svg Emirate of Beihan (1680–1872)
• File:Flag of Dhala.svg Emirate of Dhala (15th century–1904)
• File:Flag of Wahidi Balhaf.svg Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf (1640–1888)
• File:Flag of Wahidi Haban.svg Wahidi Sultanate of Haban (1640–1895)
• File:Kathiri flag.svg Kathiri Sultanate in Hadhramaut (14th century–1888)
• File:Mahraflag.svg Mahra State of Qishn and Socotra (1432–1886)
• File:Flag of the Sultanate of Lahej.svg Sultanate of Lahej (1728–1839)
• File:Flag of the Federation of South Arabia.svg Federation of South Arabia (1962–1967)
• File:Flag of North Yemen.svg Yemen Arab Republic (1962–1990)
• File:Flag of South Yemen.svg People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1967–1990)
• File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Republic of Kuwait (1990)
• File:Flag of South Yemen.svg Democratic Republic of Yemen (1994)

South Asia[edit | edit source]

• Kushan Empire (30–375)
• File:Chola flag.png Chola dynasty (300s BCE–1279 CE)
• File:Flag of the Princely State of Tehri Garhwal.svg Garhwal Kingdom (823–1949)
• File:Cochin flag.svg Kingdom of Cochin (Before 12th century CE–1949)
• File:Delhi Sultanate Flag.svg Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526)
• File:Flag of the Kingdom of Raigama.svg Kingdom of Gampola (1341–1408)
• Sur Empire (1540–1556)
• Laur Kingdom (600–1565)
• File:Twin fish flag of Pandyas.svg Pandya dynasty ( 6th to 10th centuries CE)
• File:Bengal Sultanate Flag.gif Bengal Sultanate (1352–1576)
• Jaunpur Sultanate (1394–1479)
• File:Flag of Kingdom of Mysore.svg Kingdom of Mysore (1399–1948)
• Bijapur Sultanate (Adil Shahi dynasty, 1490–1686)
• Pratapgarh Kingdom (1489–1700s)
• File:Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg Bengal Subah (1717–1757)^{[note 2]}
• File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg Maratha Empire (1674–1820)
• Jaintia Kingdom (500–1835)
• File:Sikh Empire Flag.png Sikh Empire (1799–1849)
• File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg Mughal Empire (1526–1857)
• File:1931 Flag of India.svg Provisional Government of Free India (1943–1945)
• File:Asafia flag of Hyderabad State.png Hyderabad State (1724–1798)
• File:Flag of Kingdom of Travancore.svg Travancore (1729–1949)
• File:Insignia of Mewar, inside the City Palace, Udaipur.jpg Udaipur State (734–1818)
• File:Unofficial flag of Tripura.png Manikya dynasty (1400–1761)
• File:Flag of the United Suvadive Republic.svg United Suvadive Republic (1959–1963)
• File:Flag of the Sultan of The Maldives.svg Sultanate of Maldives (1117–1796), (1954–1968)
• File:Flag of Sikkim (1967-1975).svg Sikkim (1642–1975)
• File:Flag of Ceylon (1948–1951).svg Dominion of Ceylon (1948–1972)
• File:Flag of Nepal.svg Kingdom of Nepal (1768–2008)

Southeast Asia[edit | edit source]

• In Cambodia:
  • Funan (50–550)
  • Chenla (550–802)
  • File:Flag of Cambodia (pre-1863).svg Khmer Empire (802–1431)
  • File:Flag of Cambodia (pre-1863).svg Kingdom of Cambodia (1431–1863)
  • File:Flag of Cambodia (1863–1948).svg Kingdom of Kampuchea (1945)
  • File:Flag of Cambodia.svg First Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970)
  • File:Flag of the Khmer Republic.svg Khmer Republic (1970–1975)
  • File:Flag of Democratic Kampuchea.svg Democratic Kampuchea (1975–1979)
  • File:Flag of the People's Republic of Kampuchea.svg People's Republic of Kampuchea (1979–1989)
  • File:Flag of Democratic Kampuchea.svg Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (1982–1992)
  • File:Flag of the State of Cambodia (alternate svg vesion).svg State of Cambodia (1989–1992)
  • File:Flag of Democratic Kampuchea.svg Provisional Government of National Union and National Salvation of Cambodia (1994–1998)
• In Laos:
  • Lan Xang (1353–1707)
  • File:Flag of the Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (1707-1893).svg Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (1707–1893)
  • Kingdom of Vientiane (1707–1828)
  • File:Flag of the Kingdom of Champasak (1713-1947).svg Kingdom of Champasak (1713–1904)
  • File:Flag of the Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (1945).svg Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (1945)
  • File:Flag of Laos.svg Lao Issara (1945–1946)
  • File:Flag of Laos (1952-1975).svg Kingdom of Laos (1953–1975)
• In Vietnam:
  • Champa kingdom (192–1832)
  • Đại Việt (968–1407/1428–1804)
  • File:Flag of the Communist Party of Vietnam.svg Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviet (1930–1931)
  • File:Flag of the Empire of Vietnam (1945).svg Empire of Vietnam (1945)
  • File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) (1945–1976)
  • File:Flag of Republic of Cochinchina.svg Republic of Cochinchina (1946-1949)
  • File:Flag of South Vietnam.svg Provisional Central Government of Vietnam (1948-1949)
  • File:Flag of South Vietnam.svg State of Vietnam (known as South Vietnam after the Geneva Conference of 1954) (1949–1955)
  • File:Flag of South Vietnam.svg Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) (1955–1975)
  • File:FNL Flag.svg Republic of South Vietnam (1975–1976)
• In Burma (Myanmar):
  • Pyu states (c. 2nd century BCE–c. 1050)
  • Mon kingdoms (9th–11th, 13th–16th, 18th centuries)
  • File:Golden Hintar flag of Burma.svg Hanthawaddy Kingdom (1287–1552)
  • Ava (1364–1555)
  • Pegu (1287–1539, 1747–1757)
  • Kingdom of Mrauk U (1429–1785)
  • File:Flag of the Alaungpaya Dynasty of Myanmar.svg Taungoo dynasty (1486–1752, 2nd Empire)
  • File:National flag of Third Burmese Empire (Konbaung Dynasty).svg Konbaung dynasty (1752–1885, 3rd Empire)
  • File:Flag of the Shan State.svg Shan States (1287–1557)
  • Arakan (1287–1784)
  • File:Flag of Burma 1943.svg State of Burma (1943–1945)
  • File:Flag of Burma (1948–1974).svg Union of Burma (1948–1974)
  • File:Flag of Myanmar (1974–2010).svg Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma (1972–1988)
  • File:Flag of Myanmar (1974–2010).svg Union of Myanmar (1988–2011)
• In Thailand:
  • Raktamaritika (2nd–7th century)
  • Singhanavati (657–1107)
  • Dvaravati (7th–11th century)
  • Ngoenyang (638–1292)
  • Hariphunchai (629–1292)
  • Tambralinga (8th–14th century)
  • Phayao Kingdom (1094–1338)
  • Lavo Kingdom (648–1388)
  • Langkasuka (2nd–15th century)
  • Sukhothai Kingdom (1238–1438)
  • Sultanate of Singora (1605–1680)
  • File:Flag of Thailand (Ayutthaya period).svg Ayutthaya Kingdom (1350–1767)
  • File:Flag of Thailand (Ayutthaya period).svg Thonburi Kingdom (1767–1782)
  • Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom (13th century–1782)
  • Lan Na (1292–1775)
  • Kingdom of Chiang Mai (1782–1894)
  • File:Flag of Patani Kingdom (until 1816).svg Pattani kingdom (1516–1902)
  • File:Flag of Kedah (18th century - 1821).svg Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara (1808–1916)
  • File:Flag of Thailand.svg Kingdom of Siam (1782–1932)
• In East Timor:
  • File:Flag of East Timor (3-2).svg Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste
• In Indonesia:
  • File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Republic of Indonesia (1945–1949)^{[note 3]}
  • File:Flag of Indonesia.svg United States of Indonesia (1949–1950)
    • File:Flag of the State of East Indonesia.svg State of East Indonesia (1946–1950)
    • File:Flag of Various Autonomous Indonesian States.svg State of East Java (1948–1950)
    • File:Flag of East Sumatra.svg State of East Sumatra (1947–1950)
    • File:Flag of Various Autonomous Indonesian States.svg State of Madura (1948–1950)
    • File:Flag of Pasundan.svg State of Pasundan (1948–1950)
    • File:Flag of South Sumatra.svg State of South Sumatra (1948–1950)
    • File:Flag of Dayak Besar.svg Great Dayak (1946–1950)
    • File:Flag of Pontianak Sultanate.svg West Kalimantan (1946–1950)
  • File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Republic of Indonesia (liberal democracy) (1950–1959)
• In Sumatra:
  • File:Flag of the Aceh Sultanate.png Sultanate of Aceh (1496–1903)
  • File:Flag of Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura.svg Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura
  • Jambi Sultanate
  • Palembang Sultanate (1659–1823)
  • File:Flag of the Sultanate of Deli.svg Sultanate of Deli (1609–1862, fully disestablished 1956)
  • File:Flag of Sultanate of Langkat.svg Sultanate of Langkat (1568–1946)
  • File:Royal Malay Banner (Yellow).svg Sultanate of Serdang
• In Java:
  • File:Flag of the Majapahit Empire.svg Majapahit (1293–1527)
  • File:Flag of the Mataram Sultanate.svg Sultanate of Mataram (1588–1681)
  • File:Flag of the Sultanate of Banten.svg Sultanate of Banten (1527–1813)
  • File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Katoenen banier met Arabische kalligrafie TMnr 5663-1.svg Sultanate of Cirebon (1445–1677)
  • Sultanate of Demak (1475–1548)
  • Kingdom of Pajang (1568–1586)
• In Lesser Sunda Islands
  • File:Old Flag of Bali.svg Bali Kingdoms (914–1908)
  • File:Bendera Kesultanan Bima.png Bima Sultanate (1620–1669, fully disestablished 1958)
  • Kingdom of Larantuka (1515–1904)
• In Sulawesi:
  • Kingdom of Banggai
  • Luwu
  • File:Flag of the Sultanate of Gowa.svg Sultanate of Gowa (14th century–1911, fully disestablished 1945)
  • File:Bendera Kesultanan Bone.png Sultanate of Bone
  • Kingdom of Wajoq (c. 1400–1906, fully disestablished 1957)
• In Maluku:
  • Sultanate of Ternate (1257–1914)
• In Borneo:
  • File:Old Flag of Brunei.svg Bruneian Empire (1368–1888)
  • Sambas Sultanate (1609–1819, fully disestablished 1956)
  • File:Flag of Pontianak Sultanate.svg Pontianak Sultanate (1771–1779)
  • File:Flag of the Kingdom of Sarawak (1870).svg Kingdom of Sarawak (1841–1888)
  • Berau Sultanate
  • File:Flag of Bulungan.svg Sultanate of Bulungan (1731–c. 1880, fully disestablished 1964)
  • Kutai Sultanate
  • File:Banjar Sultanate Flag.svg Sultanate of Banjar (1526–1860)
  • File:Flag of Lanfang Republic.svg Lanfang Republic (1777–1884)
• In Riau Islands:
  • File:Flag of Riau-Lingga Sultanate.svg Riau-Lingga Sultanate (1824–1911)
• In Malaysia:
  • Sultanate of Malacca (1400–1511)
  • Johor Sultanate (1528–1855)
  • Pahang Sultanate (1470–1623)
  • File:Flag of Pahang (1853 - 1887).svg Pahang Kingdom (1770–1881)
  • Kelantan Sultanate (1267–?)
  • File:Flag of the Federated Malay States (1895–1946).svg Malayan Union (1946–1948)
  • File:Flag of Malaya (1950–1963).svg Federation of Malaya (1957–1963)
• In the Philippines
  • File:Flag of Maguindanao.svg Sultanate of Maguindanao (1500–1888)
  • File:Late 19th Century Flag of Sulu.svg Sultanate of Sulu (1405–1915)
  • File:Flag of Negros Republic.svg Republic of Negros (1898–1899)
  • File:Negrense revolution banner.svg Cantonal Government of Negros (1898–1901)
  • File:Flag of the Tagalog people.svg Tejeros Revolutionary Government (1897)
  • File:Philippine revolution flag pugadlawin.svg Sovereign Tagalog Nation (1896–1897)
  • File:Flag of the Philippines (1898–1901).svg First Philippine Republic (1899–1902)
  • File:Flag of the Katagalugan Republic.svg Tagalog Republic (1902–1906)
  • File:Flag of the Philippines (1943-1945).svg Second Philippine Republic (1943–1945)
  • File:Flag of the Philippines (1985–1986).svg Fourth Philippine Republic (1965–1986)

Europe[edit | edit source]

Nordic countries[edit | edit source]

In the Nordic countries, unions were personal, not unitary

• File:Flag of The Icelandic Commonwealth.svg Icelandic Commonwealth (c. 930–1262)
• Kingdom of Finland (1742–1743)
• File:Flag of Finland.svg Finnish Democratic Republic (1939–1940)
• File:Flag of Finland (1918–1920).svg Kingdom of Finland (1918–1919)
• File:Socialist red flag.svg Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (1918–1919)
• File:Union Jack of Sweden and Norway (1844-1905).svg United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway (1814–1905)
• File:Flag of Norway (1814–1821).svg Kingdom of Norway (1814)
• File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark–Norway (1524–1814, intermittent)
• File:Flag of the Kalmar Union.svg Kalmar Union (1397–1523, intermittent)
• File:Flag of Schleswig.svg Schleswig (1058–1864)

Modern France[edit | edit source]

• File:Pavillon royal de la France.svg Kingdom of France (843–1792) (1814/15–1848)
  • File:Drapeau de la province de Bretagne (1532).svg Duchy of Brittany (939–1532)
  • File:Ancient Flag of Burgundy.svg Duchy of Burgundy (918–1482)
• File:Vexillum Willelmi Ducis.svg Duchy of Normandy (911–1259/1469)
• File:Flag of Lorraine.svg Duchy of Lorraine (959–1766)
• File:Flag of Béarn.svg Viscounty of Béarn (9th century–1620)
• File:Flag of France (1790-1794).svg Kingdom of France (1791–1792)
• File:Flag of France (1794-1815).svg French First Republic (1792–1804)
• File:Flag of France (1794-1815).svg First French Empire (1804–1814/15)
  • File:Gdansk flag.svg Free City of Danzig (1807–1814)
  • File:Flag of the Duchy of Warsaw.svg Duchy of Warsaw (1807–1815)
• File:Flag of France (1794-1815).svg French Second Republic (1848–1852)
• File:Flag of France (1794-1815).svg Second French Empire (1852–1870)
• File:Flag of France (1794-1815).svg French Third Republic (1870–1940)
  • File:Flag of Saar 1920-1935.svg Territory of the Saar Basin (1920–1935)
• File:Flag of Philippe Pétain, Chief of State of Vichy France.svg Vichy France (1940–1944)
• File:Flag of France (1794-1815).svg French Fourth Republic (1946–1958)
  • File:Flag of Saar (1947–1956).svg Saar Protectorate (1946–1956)
• File:Flag of Corsica.svg Kingdom of Corsica (1736)
• File:Flag of Corsica.svg Corsican Republic (1755–1769)
• File:Flag of Corsica.svg Anglo-Corsican Kingdom (1794–1796)
• File:Flag of the County of Foix.svg County of Foix (1010–1607)
• File:Flag of the Free Cities of Menton and Roquebrune (1848-1849).svg Free Cities of Menton and Roquebrune (1848–1849)
• File:Red flag.svg Paris Commune (1871)

Modern Germany[edit | edit source]

• File:Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg Holy Roman Empire (843–1806)
• File:Commemorative Medal of the Rhine Confederation.svg Confederation of the Rhine (1806–1813)
• File:Flagge Herzogtum Anhalt.svg Duchy of Anhalt (1806–1918)
• File:Flagge Fürstentum Reuß jüngere Linie.svg Principality of Reuss-Gera (1806–1918)
• File:Banner of the Electorate of Mainz.svg Grand Duchy of Frankfurt (1810–1813)
• File:War ensign of the German Empire Navy 1848-1852.svg German Confederation (1815–1866)
• File:Flag of Germany (3-2 aspect ratio).svg German Empire (1848–1849)
• File:Flag of the German Empire.svg North German Federation (1867–1871)

• File:Flag of the German Empire.svg/File:Flag of Germany (3-2 aspect ratio).svg/File:Flag of the German Reich (1935–1945).svg German Reich (1871–1945)
  • File:Flag of the German Empire.svg German Empire (1871–1918)
  • File:Flag of Germany (3-2 aspect ratio).svg Weimar Republic (1919–1933)
  • File:Flag of the German Reich (1935–1945).svg Nazi Germany (1933–1945)
• File:Merchant flag of Germany (1946–1949).svg Allied-occupied Germany (1945–1949)
  • File:Flag of Berlin.svg West Berlin (1948–1990), Western Bloc-aligned political enclave
• File:Flag of East Germany.svg German Democratic Republic (1949–1990) (also known as East Germany or GDR), its states acceded to Federal Republic of Germany in 1990)
• File:Flag of the Republic of Alsace-Lorraine.svg Alsace Soviet Republic (1918)
• File:Flagge Großherzogtum Baden (1891–1918).svg Baden (Grand Duchy – 1806–1871)
• File:Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg Kingdom of Bavaria (1806–1871)
  • File:Socialist red flag.svg Bavarian Soviet Republic (1919)
• File:Flag of Bremen.svg Bremen (1815–1871)
• File:Flagge Herzogtum Braunschweig (1814-1830).svg Brunswick (1815–1871)
• File:Flag of the Free City of Frankfurt.svg Frankfurt (Free Imperial City of Frankfurt (HRE), before 1806; City of Frankfurt, 1815–1866)
• File:Flag of Hamburg.svg Hamburg (1189–1871)
• File:Flag of Hanover 1837-1866.svg Kingdom of Hanover (1814–1866)
• File:Hessen HG flag.svg Hesse-Homburg (1815–1866)
• File:Flag of Hesse.svg Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) (Electorate, 1803–1807, 1813–1866)
• File:Flag of Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Sigmaringen.png Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1623–1850)
• File:Flag of Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Sigmaringen.png Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1623–1850)
• File:Holstein Arms.svg Holstein (1815–1864)
• File:Flagge Fürstentum Lippe.svg Lippe (1123–1871)
• File:Flag of the Free City of Lübeck.svg Lübeck (Free city 1226–1871)
• File:Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1815–1871)
• File:Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1815–1871)
• File:Flagge Herzogtum Nassau (1806-1866).svg Nassau (1806–1866)
• File:Flag of Oldenburg (Scandinavian Cross).svg Oldenburg (1815–1871)
• File:Grunwald Słupsk i Szczecin.svg Pomerania (1121–1637)
• File:Flag of Prussia (1892-1918).svg Prussia (1525–1871)
  • File:Flag of Ducal Prussia.svg Duchy of Prussia (1525–1618)
  • File:Flag of Brandenburg (1660–1750).svg Brandenburg-Prussia (1618–1701)
  • File:Flag of Prussia (1892-1918).svg Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1871)
• File:Arms of the Principality of Reuss-Greiz.svg Reuss (1010–1806)
• File:Flag of Saxe-Altenburg (1893-1918).svg Saxe-Altenburg (1602–1871)
• File:Banner of Saxony (1^1).svg Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1735–1826)
• File:Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1911-1920).svg Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1826–1871)
• File:Banner of Saxony (1^1).svg Saxe-Gotha (1640–1680)
• File:Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1826-1911).svg Saxe-Hildburghausen (1680–1826)
• File:Flag of Lauenburg.svg Saxe-Lauenburg (or Duchy of Lauenburg) (1296–1871)
• File:Saxe- Meiningen.png Saxe-Meiningen (1680–1871)
• File:Flagge Großherzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1897-1920).svg Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1809–1871)
• File:Flagge Königreich Sachsen (1815-1918).svg Saxony (kingdom) – 1806–1871)
• File:Flagge Fürstentum Schaumburg-Lippe.svg Schaumburg-Lippe (1647–1871)
• File:Flag of Schleswig.svg Schleswig (1058–1866)
• File:Flagge Fürstentümer Schwarzburg.svg Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1599–1871)
• File:Flagge Fürstentümer Schwarzburg.svg Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1599–1871)
• File:Flag of Germany.svg Waldeck (1180–1871)
• File:Flagge Königreich Württemberg.svg Württemberg (kingdom) – 1806–1871)

• Free State of Bottleneck (1919–1923)

Switzerland[edit | edit source]

• File:Early Swiss cross.svg Old Swiss Confederacy (1300–1798)
• File:Flag of the Helvetic Republic (French).svg Helvetic Republic (1798–1803)
• File:Flag of the Rhodanic Republic.svg Rhodanic Republic (1802–1810)
• File:XIX Cantone coa.svg Napoleonic Swiss Confederation (1803–1815)
• File:Swiss flag Bachmann 1815.png Restored Swiss Confederacy (1814–1848)

Italy[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of the Repubblica Cremasca.svg Republic of Crema (1797)
• File:Flag of the Republic of Alba.svg Republic of Alba (1796)
• File:Flag of the Republic of Ancona (c. 1177-1532).svg Republic of Ancona (c. 1000–1532)
• File:State Flag of the Republic of Florence.svg Republic of Florence (1115–1569)
• File:Bandera de Nápoles - Trastámara.svg Kingdom of Naples (1282–1816)
• File:Flag of Duchy of Urbino.svg Duchy of Urbino (1443–1625)
• File:Flag of the Repubblica Anconitana.svg Anconine Republic (1797–1798)
• File:Flag of the Giudicato of Arborea.svg Judicate of Arborea (9th century–1420)
• File:Etrurian Kingdom and War Flag with Great Royal Coat of Arms.svg Kingdom of Etruria (1801–1807)
• File:Flag of Italy.svg United Provinces of Central Italy (1859–1860)
• File:Flag of the Repubblica Cisalpina.svg Cisalpine Republic (1797–1802)
• File:Flag of the Cispadane Republic.svg Cispadane Republic (1796–1797)
• File:Flag of Cospaia.svg Republic of Cospaia (1440–1826)
• File:Bandiera Elba.svg Sovereign Principality of Elba (1814–1815)
• File:Etrurian Kingdom and War Flag with Great Royal Coat of Arms.svg Kingdom of Etruria (1801–1807)
• File:Flag of the Marquisate of Finale (12th century-1602).svg Marquisate of Finale (967–1602)
• File:Labaro Reggenza Italiana del Carnaro.svg Regency of Carnaro (1919)
• File:Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816).svg Gozitan Nation (1798–1801)
• File:Flag of the Italian Republic (1802).svg Italian Republic (Napoleonic) (1802–1805)
• File:Flag of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy.svg Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) (1805–1814)
• File:Flag of Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia.svg Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia (1815–1866)
• File:Flag of the Duchy of Lucca.svg Duchy of Lucca (1815–1847)
• File:Flag of the Principality of Lucca (1805-1809).svg Principality of Lucca and Piombino (1805–1814)
• File:Flag of Lucca (1799-1801).svg Republic of Lucca (1160–1805)
• File:Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg Sovereign Military Order of Malta (1530–1798)
• File:Mantua Flag 1575-1707 (new).svg Duchy of Mantua (1273–1707)
• File:Flag of Massa and Carrara.png Duchy of Massa and Carrara (15th to 19th centuries)
• File:Flag of the Duchy of Milan (1450).svg Duchy of Milan (1395–1797)
• File:AAnfossiBan.png Provisional Government of Milan (1848)
• File:Flag of the Duchy of Modena.svg Duchy of Modena (1452–1796, 1815–1859)
• File:Bandera de Nápoles - Trastámara.svg Kingdom of Naples (1285–1816)
• File:Flag of the Republic of Noli.svg Republic of Noli (1192–1797)
• File:Flag of the Duchy of Parma.svg Duchy of Parma (1545–1859)
• File:Flag of the Papal States (1825-1870).svg Papal States (752–1870)
• File:Flag of the Republic of Pisa.svg Republic of Pisa (11th century–1406)
• File:Flag of the Roman Republic (19th century).svg Roman Republic (19th century) (1849)
• File:Flag of Kingdom of Sardinia (1848).svg Kingdom of Sardinia (1324–1861)
• File:Flag of the Republic of San Marco.svg Republic of San Marco (1848–1849)
• Republic of Senarica (1343–18th century)
• File:Bandiera del Regno di Sicilia 4.svg Kingdom of Sicily (1130–1816)
• File:Flag of Sicilian Kingdom 1848.svg Kingdom of Sicily (1848)
• Transpadane Republic (1796–1797)
• File:Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1840).svg Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1569–1801, 1815–1859)
• File:Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816).svg Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1815–1860)
• File:Flag of Republic of Venice.svg Republic of Venice (697–1797)
• File:Flag of Genoa.svg Republic of Genoa (1095–1797)
• File:Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
  • File:Flag of Albania (1939–1943).svg Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)
  • File:Flag of Montenegro (1905–1918, 1941–1944).svg Italian governorate of Montenegro (1941–1943)
• File:Flag of Tavolara.svg Kingdom of Tavolara (1836-1934)
• File:Flag of Italy.svg Italian Social Republic (1943–1945)
• File:Free Territory Trieste Flag.svg Free Territory of Trieste (1947–1954)
• File:Rose Island Flag.svg Republic of Rose Island (1968)

Modern United Kingdom[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of Gwynedd.svg Kingdom of Gwynedd (450–1216)
• File:Flag of Powys.svg Kingdom of Powys (5th century–1160)
• File:Flag of Scotland (1542–2003).svg Kingdom of Scotland (843–1707)
• File:Flag of England.svg England (927–1707)
• File:Royal Banner of England.svg Angevin Empire (1154–1214)
• File:Banner of Llywelyn.svg Principality of Wales (1216–1536)
• File:Flag of The Commonwealth.svg Commonwealth of England (1649–1653) and (1659–1660)
• File:Standard of Oliver Cromwell (1653–1659).svg The Protectorate (1653–1659)
• File:Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg Great Britain (1707–1800)
• File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922)

Ireland[edit | edit source]

• File:Fitzpatrick of Ossary.svg Osraige (150–1541)
• Airgíalla (331–1585)
• File:O'Kelly.png Uí Maine (c. 357–1611)
• Ailech (450–1617)
• File:Royal Banner of O'Donnell (Tyrconnell).png Tyrconnell (5th century–1607)
• File:O'Neill Tyrone.png Tír Eoghain (5th century–1607)
• File:Maguire.png Fermanagh (10th century–1607)
• Magh Luirg (c. 956–1585)
• File:Green harp flag of Ireland.svg Republic of Connacht
• File:Sword of Nuada.png Thomond (1118–1543)
• File:MacCarthy.png Kingdom of Desmond (1118–1596)
• File:Banner of the Lordship of Ireland.svg Lordship of Ireland (1171–1542)
• File:O'Neill of Clanaboy.png Clandeboye (1283–1605)
• Kingdom of Uí Failghe (Unknown–1550)
• File:Flag of Leinster.svg Kingdom of Leinster
• File:Flag of Connacht.svg Kingdom of Connacht
• File:Saint Patrick's Saltire.svg Kingdom of Ireland (1541–1801)
• File:Green harp flag of Ireland 17th century.svg Irish Catholic Confederation (1641–1649)
• File:Flag of Connacht.svg Republic of Connacht (1798)
• File:Socialist red flag.svg Irish soviets (1919-1922)
  • File:Socialist red flag.svg Limerick Soviet (1919)
• File:Flag of Ireland.svg Irish Republic (1919–1922) – see also Southern Ireland (1921–1922)
• File:Flag of Ireland.svg Irish Free State (1931–1937)

Low Countries[edit | edit source]

• File:LuikVlag.svg Prince-Bishopric of Liège (972–1795) annexed by France in 1795.
• File:Banner of the Duchy of Brabant.svg Duchy of Brabant (1183–1794)
• File:Flag of Bouillon.svg Duchy of Bouillon (1456? – 1794)
• File:Flag of the Brabantine Revolution.svg United Belgian States (1789–1790)
• File:Statenvlag.svg Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (1581–1795) (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden/Provinciën) Independence from Spain after Eighty Years' War in 1581, conquered by France 1795.
• File:Flag of the Batavian Republic.svg Batavian Republic (1795–1806) (Bataafse Republiek) France's vassal state.
• File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Kingdom of Holland (1806–1810) (Koninkrijk Holland/Royaume d'Hollande) Ruled by Louis Bonaparte, annexed by France 1810.
• File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands (1813–1815)
• File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1839)
• File:Flag of Moresnet.svg Neutral Moresnet (1816–1920)

Poland[edit | edit source]

• File:Grunwald Słupsk i Szczecin.svg Duchy of Pomerania (1121–1160, 1264–1295, 1478–1531, 1625–1637)
  • Demmin Principality (1160–1264)
  • Szczecin Principality (1160–1264, 1295–1523)
• File:Terra Bernstein - Pommern-Wolgast COA.svg Duchy of Pomerania-Wolgast (1295–1478)
• File:Chorągiew księcia mazowieckiego Siemowita.svg Duchy of Masovia (1138–1275, 1294–1310, 1370–1381, 1495–1526)
• File:Grunwald Słupsk i Szczecin.svg Duchy of Pomerania-Stolp (1368–1478)
• Duchy of Pomerania-Neustettin (1368–1390)
• File:POL województwo krakowskie IRP COA.svg Duchy of Kraków (1227–1320)
• File:Alex K Halych-Volhynia-flag.svg Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia (1199–1349)
• File:POL województwo śląskie COA.svg Duchy of Bytom (1281–1498)
• File:Banner of the Duchy of Silesia.svg Duchy of Silesia (1138–1335)
• File:POL województwo śląskie flag formal.svg Duchy of Opole (1172–1202, 1281–1532)
• File:POL województwo śląskie II RP COA.svg Duchy of Racibórz (1172–1202, 1281–1521)
• File:POL województwo opolskie COA alt.svg Duchy of Opole and Racibórz (1202–1281, 1521–1532, 1551–1556)
• File:POL województwo brzeskokujawskie IRP COA.svg Duchy of Inowrocław (1267–1364)
• File:Flag of Cieszyn Silesia.svg Duchy of Teschen (1281–1918)
• Duchy of Poland (966–1025, 1031–1076, 1079–1138, 1138–1227)
• File:Kingdom of Poland-flag.svg Kingdom of Poland (1025–1031, 1076–1079, 1295–1296, 1300–1320)
• File:Banner of the Kingdom of Poland.svg United Kingdom of Poland (1320–1386)
• File:Flaga Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodow ogolna.svg Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)
  • File:Banner of Sigismund III Vasa.svg Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (1386–1795)
  • File:Royal banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.svg Grand Duchy of Lithuania (13th century–1795)
  • File:Flag of Prussia (1466-1772) Lob.svg Royal Prussia (1466–1569)
  • File:Flag of Ducal Prussia.svg Duchy of Prussia (1525–1701)
  • File:Flag of Courland (state).svg Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1561–1795)
    • New Courland (1637, 1639, 1642, 1654–1659, 1660–1666, 1680–1683, 1686–1690)
• File:Flag of the Duchy of Warsaw.svg Duchy of Warsaw (1807–1815; part of First French Empire, personal union with Kingdom of Saxony)
• File:Flag of Krakow.svg Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory (1815–1846)
• File:Royal Standard of the Tsar of Poland (1815–1830).svg Kingdom of Poland (1815–1832; personal union with Russian Empire)
• File:Flag of Russia.svg Vistula Land (1867–1915; part of the Russian Empire)
• File:Flagge Preußen - Provinz Posen (1815).svg Grand Duchy of Posen (1815–1848; part of Kingdom of Prussia)
• File:Flag of the Grand Duchy of Cracow.svg Grand Duchy of Kraków (1846–1918; part of the Austria-Hungary)
• File:Flag of Poland (November Uprising).svg Polish National Government (1830–1831)
• File:Coat of arms of the Kraków Uprising.svg Polish National Government (1846)

• File:Flag of the Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth (January Uprising).svg Polish National Government (1863–1864)
• File:Flag of Poland (1919–1927).svg Kingdom of Poland (1916–1918)
• File:POL Tarnobrzeg flag.svg Republic of Tarnobrzeg (1918–1919)
• File:Flag of Poland (1919–1927).svg Republic of Zakopane (1918)
• File:Прапор Лемко-Русинської Республіки.svg Lemko-Rusyn People's Republic (1918–1920)
• File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Komancza Republic (1918–1919)
• File:Flag of Poland (1919–1927).svg Second Republic of Poland (1918–1939)
  • File:Flag of Central Lithuania 1920.svg Republic of Central Lithuania (1920–1922)
  • File:Flag of the Free City of Danzig.svg Free City of Danzig (1920–1939)
• File:Red flag.svg Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee (1920)
• File:War Ensign of Germany (1938–1945).svg Military Administration in Poland (1939)
• File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region (1939–1945)
• File:Flaga PPP.svg Polish Underground State (1939–1945)
• File:Flag of Poland (1927–1980).svg Polish Committee of National Liberation (1944)
• File:Flag of Poland (1927–1980).svg Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland (1944–1945)
• File:Flag of Poland (1927–1980).svg Provisional Government of National Unity (1945–1947)
• File:Flag of Poland (1927–1980).svg Republic of Poland (1947–1952)
• File:Flag of Poland (1928–1980).svg Polish People's Republic (1952–1989)
• File:Flag of Poland (normative).svg Polish National-Territorial Region (1990–1991)

Ukraine[edit | edit source]

• File:Volya abo smert`.jpg Kholodny Yar Republic (1919-1922)
• File:Прапор В.З..png Zaporozhian Sich
• File:Flag of the Cossack Hetmanat.svg Cossack Hetmanate (1649–1764)
• File:Flag of the Ukranian State.svg Ukrainian People's Republic (1917–1920)
• File:Flag of the Ukranian State.svg Ukrainian State (1918)
• File:Flag of Ukraine.svg West Ukrainian People's Republic (1918–1919)
• File:Flag of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919-1929).svg Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1991; sovereign until 1922)
• File:Махновское знамя.svg Makhnovshchina (1918–1921)
• File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Hutsul Republic (1919)
• File:Flag of the Galician SSR.svg Galician Soviet Socialist Republic (1920)
• File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Carpatho-Ukraine (1939)
• File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukrainian National Government (1941)

Crimea[edit | edit source]

• File:Coat of arms of Gothia.svg Principality of Theodoro (14th century–1475)
• File:COA Crimean Khanate.svg Crimean Khanate (1449–1783)
• File:Flag of the Crimean Tatar people.svg Crimean People's Republic (1917–1918)
• File:Flag of the Crimean ASSR (1938).svg Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1941/1944–1945/1991–1992)
• File:Flag of Crimea.svg Republic of Crimea (2014)

Baltic countries and Belarus[edit | edit source]

• File:Iziaslav of Polock Seal avers.svg Principality of Polotsk (10th century–1397)
• File:Royal banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.svg Grand Duchy of Lithuania (13th century–1795)
• File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)
• File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Republic of Lithuania (1918–1940)
• File:Flag of the Republic of Perloja.svg Republic of Perloja (1918–1923)
• File:Flag of Central Lithuania 1920.svg Republic of Central Lithuania (1920–1922)
• File:Flag of the Lithuanian-Byelorussian SSR.svg Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919)
• File:Flag of Belarus (1918, 1991–1995).svg Belarusian People's Republic (1918–1919)
• File:Flag of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919-1927).svg Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1922)
• File:Flag of the State of the Teutonic Order.svg State of the Teutonic Order (1230–1525)
• File:Flag of et-Parnu.svg Kingdom of Livonia (1570–1578)
• File:United Baltic Duchy flag.svg United Baltic Duchy (1918)
• File:Flag of the Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic (1918–1920).svg Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic (1918–1920)
• File:Flag of Latvia.svg First Latvian Republic (1918–1940)
• File:Flag of Courland (state).svg Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1918)
• File:Petropavlovsk-Krondstadt flag.svg Soviet Republic of Naissaar on an Estonian Baltic Sea island (1917–1918)
• File:Flag of the Commune of the Working People of Estonia.svg Commune of the Working People of Estonia (1918–1919)
• File:Flag of Estonia.svg First Estonian Republic (1918–1940)

Romania and Moldova[edit | edit source]

• File:Dacian Draco.svg Dacian Kingdom (168 BC–106 AD)
• Țara Litua (1247–1330)
• Voievodeship of Gelu (9th–11th century)
• Voivodeship of Maramureș (9th century–1402)
• Jupanat of Dimitrie (c. 943)
• Voivodeship of Glad (10th century)
• Voivodeship of Menumorut (9th-11th century)
• Jupanat of Gheorghe (10th century)
• Jupanat of Tatos (c. 1190)
• Jupanat of Sacea (11th century)
• Jupanat of Setslav (c. 1085)
• File:Flag of Transylvania (1350).svg Voivodship of Transylvania (12th century-1541)
• Banat of Severin (1228-1526)
• Voivodship of Seneslav (13th century)
• Cnezatul lui Ioan (13th century)
• Cnezatul lui Farcaș (13th century)
• File:Flag of Wallachia.svg Principality of Wallachia (1330–1859)
• File:Flag of Moldavia.svg Principality of Moldavia (1346–1859)
• File:Transsylvanian Banner.svg Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)
• File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg Wallachian Eyalet (1595)
• File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg Temeşvar Eyalet (1552–1716)
• File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg Varat Eyalet (1660–1692)
• File:Flag of Transylvania before 1918.svg Grand Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)
• File:Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg Banat of Temeswar (1718–1778)
• File:Flag of Bukowina.svg Duchy of Bukovina (1849–1918)
• File:Flag of the United Principalities of Romania (1862–1866).svg United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (1859–1881)
• File:Flag of Romania.svg Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947)
• File:Socialist red flag.svg Banat Republic (1918–1919)
• File:Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg People's, then Socialist Republic of Romania (1947–1989)
• File:National flag of the Moldovan Democratic Republic.svg Moldavian Democratic Republic (1917–1918)

Russia[edit | edit source]

• File:Nowogród.svg Novgorod Republic (1136–1478)
• File:Символ господарства Псковского.png Pskov Republic (1348–1510)
• File:Symbol of Principality of Tver.svg Principality of Tver (1246–1483)
•  Principality of Beloozero (13th–15th century)
•  Principality of Yaroslavl (1218–1463)
• File:Symbol Duchy of Ryazan.svg Grand Duchy of Ryazan (1097–1521)
• File:Эмблема пермской земли (Саадачный покровец, около 1626 год).gif Principality of Great Perm (1323–1505)
  • Vyatka Land
• File:Golden Horde flag 1339.svg Golden Horde (1320–1547)
•  Astrakhan Khanate (1466–1556)
• File:Zilant flag.gif Khanate of Kazan (1438–1552)
• Qasim Khanate (1452–1681)
• File:Flag of Siberian Khanate.svg Khanate of Sibir (1468–1598)
• File:Flag of the Kalmyk Khanate.svg Kalmyk Khanate (1630–1771)
• File:Karelian National Flag.svg Republic of Uhtua (1918–1920)
• File:Flag of Kuban People's Republic.svg Kuban People's Republic (1918–1920)
• File:Flag of Don Cossacks.svg Don Republic (1918–1920)
• File:Flag of Idel-Ural State.svg Idel-Ural State (1 March 1918 – 28 March 1918)
• File:Flag of the Far Eastern Republic.svg Far Eastern Republic (1920–1922)
• File:Flag of Green Ukraine.svg Green Ukraine (1920–1922)
• File:Flag of Tungus Republic.svg Tungus Republic (1924–1925)
• File:Flag of Mongolia (1911-1921).svg State of Buryat-Mongolia (1917–1920)
• File:Seal of Ivan 4 1539 a.svg Grand Duchy of Moscow (1283–1547)
• File:Flag of Russia.svg Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721)
• File:Flag of Russia.svg Russian Empire (1721–1917)
  • File:Royal Standard of the Tsar of Poland (1815–1830).svg Kingdom of Poland (1815–1867)
  • File:Flag of Russia.svg Grand Duchy of Finland (1809–1917)
• File:Socialist red flag.svg Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies (1917–1924)
• File:Flag of Russia.svg Russian Republic (1917)
• File:Flag of Russia.svg Russian Republic (1918)
• File:Flag of Russia.svg Russian State (1918–1920)
• File:Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1918–1937).svg Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1922)
• File:Flag of Russia.svg Supreme Administration of Northern Region (1918)
• File:Flag of Russia.svg Provisional Government of the Northern Region (1918–1920)
• File:Flag of Russia.svg Armed Forces of South Russia (1918–1919)
• File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)
  • File:Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1952–1990).svg Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991)
  • File:Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1956–1991).svg Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991)
  • File:Flag of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1951–1991).svg Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991)
  • File:Flag of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1990).svg Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1991)
  • File:Flag of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1951–1990).svg Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991)
  • File:Flag of the Karelo-Finnish SSR.svg Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1956)
  • File:Flag of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic.svg Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)
  • File:Flag of the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic.svg Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)
  • File:Flag of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1990).svg Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1990)
  • File:Flag of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1988).svg Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1990)
  • File:Flag of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1952–1990).svg Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1991)
    • File:Flag of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1952–1990).svg Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1990–1991)
  • File:Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1954–1991).svg Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1922–1991)
    • File:Turkestan Autonomous SSR Flag.svg Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1918–1924)
    • File:Flag of Volga German ASSR.svg Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1918–1941)
    • File:Flag of the Bashkir ASSR.svg Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1991)
    • File:Flag of Tatar ASSR.svg Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1990)
    • File:Flag of The Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920-36).svg Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1936)
    • File:Flag placeholder.svg Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1924)
    • File:Flag of the Dagestan ASSR.svg Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1991)
    • File:Flag of the Crimean ASSR (1938).svg Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1945)
    • File:Flag of the Yakut ASSR.svg Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991)
    • File:Flag of the Buryat ASSR.svg Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1923–1990)
    • File:Flag of Karelian ASSR.svg Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1923–1940; 1956–1991)
    • File:Flag of the Kirghiz ASSR (1929-1937).svg Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1926–1936)
    • File:Flag of Mordovian ASSR.svg Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1934–1990)
    • File:Flag of Udmurt ASSR.svg Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1934–1990)
    • File:Flag of Kalmyk ASSR.svg Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1935–1943; 1957–1991)
    • File:Flag of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR.svg Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1944; 1957–1991)
    • File:Flag of the Kabardino-Balkar ASSR.svg Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1944; 1957–1991)
    • File:Flag of the Komi ASSR.svg Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)
    • File:Flag of Mari ASSR.svg Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)
    • File:Flag of the North Ossetian ASSR.svg North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1992)
    • File:Flag of Karelian ASSR.svg Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1923–1940; 1956–1991)
    • File:Flag of the Kabardin ASSR (1954-1957).svg Kabardin Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1957)
    • File:Flag of Tuvan ASSR (1978-1992).svg Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1961–1992)
    • File:Flag of the Russian SFSR.svg Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1990–1991)
  • File:Flag of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic.svg Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (1929–1991)
  • File:Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1973–1991).svg Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1924–1991)
  • File:Flag of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.svg Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991)
  • File:Flag of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (1952–1991).svg Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (1924–1991)

Hungary[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of Hungary (895-1000).svg Principality of Hungary (895–1000)
• File:Flag of Hungary (1867-1918).svg Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1804)
  • File:Coa Hungary Country History John I of Hungary (Szapolyai) (1526-1540).svg Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (1526–1551, 1556–1570)
  • File:Banner of Gabriel Bethlen.svg Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)
  • File:Flag of Hungary (15th century, rectangular).svg Principality of Upper Hungary (1682–1685)
  • File:Banner of Gabriel Bethlen.svg Principality of Transylvania (1711–1804)
  • File:Flag of Croatia (Early 16th century–1526) (Border).svg Kingdom of Croatia (1102–1526)
• File:Flag of Louis II of Hungary.svg Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)
• File:Flag of Hungary with great coat of arms (1849).svg Hungarian State (1849)
• File:Flag of Hungary (1918-1919; 3-2 aspect ratio).svg Hungarian People's Republic (November 1918 – March 1919, August 1919)
• File:Flag of Hungary (1919).svg Hungarian Soviet Republic (March 1919 – August 1919)
• File:Flag of Hungary (1915-1918, 1919-1946).svg Hungarian Republic (August 1919 – February 1920)
• File:Flag of Hungary (1915-1918, 1919-1946).svg Kingdom of Hungary (February 1920 – February 1946)
• File:Flag of Hungary (1946-1949, 1956-1957).svg Republic of Hungary (February 1946 – August 1949)
• Hungarian People's Republic (August 1949 – October 1989)

Czech Republic and Slovakia[edit | edit source]

• File:Banner of Přemyslid family.svg Duchy of Bohemia (c. 870–1198)
• File:Flag of Bohemia.svg Kingdom of Bohemia (1198–1918)
• File:Banner of arms of Moravia.svg Margraviate of Moravia (1182–1918)
• File:Red flag.svg Slovak Soviet Republic (1919)
• File:Flag of Slovakia (1939–1945).svg Slovak Republic (1939–1945)
• File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938)
• File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Second Czechoslovak Republic (1938–1939)
• File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Third Czechoslovak Republic (1945–1948)
• File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1948–1989; before 1960 as Czechoslovak Republic)
• File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czechoslovak Federative Republic (1990)
• File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1990–1992)

Austria[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of Austria (1-1).png Duchy of Austria (1156–1453)
• File:Flag of Austria.svg Archduchy of Austria (1453–1804)
• File:Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg Austrian Empire (1804–1867)
• File:Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg File:Flag of Hungary (1867-1918).svg Austria-Hungary (1867–1918)
  • File:Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg Austrian Empire (1867–1918)
  • File:Flag of Hungary (1867-1918).svg Kingdom of Hungary (1867–1918)
  • File:Flag of Croatia-Slavonia with CoA.svg Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia (1868–1918)
• File:Flag of Austria.svg Republic of German-Austria (1918–1919)
• File:Flag of Austria.svg First Austrian Republic (1919–1934)
• File:State flag of Austria (1934–1938).svg Federal State of Austria (1934–1938)
• File:Flag of Austria.svg Republic of Austria (1945–1955)

Balkans[edit | edit source]

• In Albania:
  • File:Flag of Albanian Provisional Government (1912-1914).svg Independent Albania (1912–1914)
  • File:Essad Pasha's flag.svg Republic of Central Albania (1913–1914)
  • File:Flag of Albania (1914–1920).svg Principality of Albania (1914–1925)
  • File:Flag of Albania (1914–1920).svg Italian protectorate over Albania (1917–1920)
  • File:Flag of the Republic of Mirdita.svg Republic of Mirdita (1921)
  • File:Flag of Albania (1920–1926).svg Albanian Republic (1925–1928)
  • File:Flag of Albania (1934-1939).svg Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)
  • File:Flag of Albania (1939–1943).svg Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)
  • File:Flag of Albania (1934-1939).svg German occupation of Albania (1943–1944)
  • File:Flag of Albania (1944–1946).svg Democratic Government of Albania (1944–1946)
  • File:Flag of Albania (1946-1992).svg People's Socialist Republic of Albania (1946–1991)
• In Bosnia:
  • File:Bosnian Royal Flag of Tvrtko I of Bosnia.svg Kingdom of Bosnia (1377–1463)
  • File:Coat of arms of Kingdom of Bosnia.svg Kingdom of Bosnia (1377–1463)
  • File:OostenrijkHongarije-Bosnie.png Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1878–1918)
  • File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1998).svg Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995)
  • File:Flag of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (1993–1995).svg Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (1993–1995)
  • File:Flag of the Republika Srpska.svg Republika Srpska (1992–1995)
  • File:Flag of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia.svg Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia (1991–1996)
• In Bulgaria:
  • File:Flag of the Second Bulgarian Empire.svg Second Bulgarian Empire (1185–1396)
  • File:Flag of Vicina.svg Despotate of Dobruja (1356–1411)
  • File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Principality of Bulgaria (1878–1908)
  • Strandzha Commune (1903)
  • File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Kingdom of Bulgaria (1908–1946)
  • File:Flag of Bulgaria (1971-1990).svg People's Republic of Bulgaria (1946–1990)
• In Croatia:
  • File:Flag of the Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg).svg Kingdom of Croatia (1527–1868)
  • File:Flag of the Kingdom of Slavonia.svg Kingdom of Slavonia (1699–1868)
  • File:Flag of Croatia-Slavonia with CoA.svg Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia (1868–1918)
  • File:Flag of the Free State of Fiume.svg Free State of Fiume (1920–1924)
  • File:Flag of Independent State of Croatia.svg Independent State of Croatia (1941–1945)
  • File:Free Territory Trieste Flag.svg Free Territory of Trieste (1947–1954)
  • File:St. Blaise - National Flag of the Ragusan Republic.png Republic of Ragusa (1358–1808)
  • File:State Flag of Serbian Krajina (1991).svg Republic of Serbian Krajina (1991–1995)
• In Greece:
  • File:Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg First Hellenic Republic (1828–1832)
  • File:State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1970).svg Kingdom of Greece (1832–1924, 1935–1941, 1944–1974)
  • File:Flag of the United States of the Ionian Islands.svg United States of the Ionian Islands (1815–1864)
  • File:Flag of Greece (1970-1975).svg Greek Military Junta (1967–1974)
  • File:Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg Second Hellenic Republic (1924–1935)
  • File:Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg Hellenic State (1941–1944)
  • File:Flag of the Septinsular Republic.svg Septinsular Republic (1800–1815)
  • File:Flag of the Principality of Samos (1834–1912).svg Principality of Samos (1815–1864)
  • File:Flag of Cretan State.svg Cretan State (1898–1913)
  • File:Flag of the Free State of Ikaria.svg Free State of Ikaria (1912)
  • File:Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg Italian Islands of the Aegean (1912–1945)
• In Montenegro:
  • File:Flag of the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro2.svg Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro (1516–1852)
  • File:Flag of the Principality of Montenegro.svg Principality of Montenegro (1852–1910)
  • File:Flag of the Kingdom of Montenegro.svg Kingdom of Montenegro (1910–1918)
  • File:Flag of Montenegro (1905–1918, 1941–1944).svg Italian governorate of Montenegro (1941–1943)
  • File:Flag of Montenegro (1905–1918, 1941–1944).svg German-occupied territory of Montenegro (1943–1944)
• In North Macedonia:
  • File:Flag of the Kruševo Republic.svg Kruševo Republic (1903)
  • File:Flag IMARO.svg Independent Macedonia (1944) [proposed]
• In Serbia:
  • File:Flag of Revolutionary Serbia.svg Revolutionary Serbia (1804–1813)
  • File:Flag of Serbia (1835-1882).svg Principality of Serbia (1815–1882)
  • File:State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg Kingdom of Serbia (1882–1918)
  • File:Flag of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.svg State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (1918)
  • File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1918–1941).svg Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1943)
  • File:Flag of SFR Yugoslavia.svg Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1943–1992)
  • File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1992–2003); Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006).svg Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003)
  • File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1992–2003); Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006).svg Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)
• In Turkey:
  • File:Byzantine imperial flag, 14th century, square.svg Byzantine Empire (395–1453)
    • File:Arms of the House of de la Roche.svg Duchy of Athens (1205–1458)
    • File:Tocco stemma.svg Despotate of Epirus (1356–1479)
    • Empire of Nicaea (1204–1261)
  • File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire (c. 1299–1922/1923)
  • File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg Government of the Grand National Assembly (1920–1923)

Caucasus[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of Mihranids.svg Caucasian Albania (2nd century BC – 8th century AD)
• File:Kabardian Banner.svg Kabardia (c. 1453–c. 1825)
• File:Circassian flag.svg Circassia (c. 1427–1453/1861–1864)
• Kingdom of Abkhazia (778–1008)
• Elisu Sultanate (1604–1844)
• File:Flag of Avars.svg Avar Khanate (Early 13th century–1864)
• File:Thirdimamateflag.svg Caucasian Imamate (1828–1859)
• File:Flag of the Mountain Republic.svg Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (1917–1921)
• File:Flag of North Caucasian Emirate.svg North Caucasian Emirate (1919–1920)
• File:Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (1991–2000)
• File:Flag of Kingdom of Georgia.svg Kingdom of Georgia (1008–1490)
• File:Banner of the Kingdom of Imereti.svg Kingdom of Imereti (1260–1810)
• File:Banner of the Principality of Svaneti.svg Principality of Svaneti (1463–1858)
• File:Flag of The Principality of Mingrelia (Portolan 1560).svg Principality of Mingrelia (1557–1867)
• File:Banner of Guria.svg Principality of Guria (1460s–1829)
• Samtskhe-Saatabago (1266–1625)
• Kingdom of Kartli (1478–1762)
• File:Flag of Kingdom of Kakheti.svg Kingdom of Kakheti (1465–1762)
• File:Flag of Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti.svg Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (1762–1801)
• File:Flag of Georgia (1918–1921, 4-5).svg Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918–1921)
• File:Flag of Armenia.svg First Republic of Armenia (1918–1920)
• File:Flag of Armenia.svg Republic of Mountainous Armenia (April 1921 – July 1921)
• File:Flag of the Republic of Aras.svg Republic of Aras (1918–1919)
• File:Flag of the Centrocaspian Dictatorship.svg Centrocaspian Dictatorship (1918–1918)
• File:Flag of Russia.svg Military Dictatorship of Mughan (1918–1919)
• File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (1918–1920)
• File:Flag of the Transcaucasian Federation.svg Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (February 1918 – May 1918)

Iberian Peninsula[edit | edit source]

• File:Rectangular green flag.svg Emirate of Córdoba (756-929)
• File:Royal Banner of León.svg Kingdom of León (910–1230)
• File:Bandeira galega civil.svg Republic of Galicia (1931)
• File:Flag of the Couto Misto.svg Couto Misto (10th century–1868)
• File:Socialist red flag.svg Asturian Socialist Republic (October 1934)
• File:Bandera de Reino de Navarra.svg Kingdom of Navarre (824–1620)
• File:Flag of Catalonia.svg First Catalan Republic (1641)
• File:CNT FAI flag.svg Revolutionary Catalonia (1936–1939)
• File:Flag of Catalonia.svg Second Catalan Republic (1931)
• File:Royal Banner of Aragón.svg Crown of Aragon (1162–1479)
• File:Royal Standard of Nasrid Dynasty Kingdom of Grenade.svg Emirate of Granada (1238–1492)
• File:Bandera del Reino de Mallorca.svg Kingdom of Majorca (1231–1715 (1349))
• File:Banderacatalana1231.png Principality of Catalonia (12th century – 1714/1833)
• File:Flag Portugal (1830).svg Kingdom of Portugal (1139–1910)
• File:Bandeira Reino Unido Portugal Brasil Algarve.svg United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (1815–1825)
• File:Flag of Portugal.svg First Portuguese Republic (1910–1926)
• File:Flag Portugal (1830).svg Kingdom of Portugal (Monarchy of the North) (1919)
• File:Flag of Portugal.svg Ditadura Nacional (1926–1933)
• File:Flag of Portugal.svg Second Portuguese Republic (1933–1974)
• File:Royal Banner of the Crown of Castile (Early Style)-Variant.svg Crown of Castile (1230–1479)
  • File:Bandeirareinogaliza.svg Kingdom of Galicia (410–1833)
• File:Royal Banner of the Kingdom of Castile (Variant).svg Kingdom of Castile (1065–1230/1715)
• Iberian Union (1580–1640)
• File:Flag of the First Spanish Republic.svg First Spanish Republic (1873–1874)
• File:Flag of Spain (1931–1939).svg Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939)
• File:Flag of Spain (1945–1977).svg Spanish State (1936–1975)
• File:Flag of Catalonia.svg Third Catalan Republic (2017)

North America[edit | edit source]

Anguilla[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of Anguilla (1967-1969).svg Republic of Anguilla (1967–1969)

Canada[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of Madawaska.svg Republic of Madawaska (1827)
• File:Flag of the Republic of Canada (variant).svg Republic of Canada (1837–1838)
• File:Flag of the Patriote movement (Lower Canada).svg Republic of Lower Canada (1838)
• File:Mikmaq State Flag (vertical).svg Miꞌkmaꞌki (1867)
• File:Flag of Manitoba.svg Republic of Manitoba (1867–1870)
• File:Provisional Government of Saskatchewan flag.svg Provisional Government of Saskatchewan (1885)
• File:Dominion of Newfoundland Red Ensign.svg Dominion of Newfoundland (1907–1949)

Costa Rica[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of Costa Rica (1842-1848).svg Free State of Costa Rica (1838–1847)
• File:Flag of Costa Rica (1848-1906).svg First Costa Rican Republic (1848–1948)

Cuba[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of Cuba (sky blue).svg Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)

Dominican Republic[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of Spanish Haiti.svg Republic of Spanish Haiti (1821–1822)
• File:Flag of the Dominican First Republic.svg First Dominican Republic (1844–1861)
• File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Second Dominican Republic (1865–1916)
• File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Third Dominican Republic (1924–1965)

Grenada[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of Grenada.svg People's Revolutionary Government of Grenada (1979–1983)

Guatemala[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of the Federal Republic of Central America.svg United Provinces of Central America
• File:Flag of Los Altos.svg State of Los Altos (1838–1840), (1848–1849)

Haiti[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of Haiti 1964 (civil).svg First Empire of Haiti (1804–1806)
• File:Flag of Haiti (1806–1811).svg State of Haiti (1806–1811)
• File:Flag of Haiti (1814–1820).svg Kingdom of Haiti (1811–1820)
• File:Flag of Haiti (civil).svg Republic of Haiti (1820–1849)
• File:Imperial Flag of Haiti (1849-1859).svg Second Empire of Haiti (1849–1859)
• File:Flag of Haiti (1859–1964).svg Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)
• File:Flag of Haiti (1964–1986).svg Duvalier dynasty (1957–1986)

Mexico[edit | edit source]

• File:Toltec Emblem.svg Toltec Empire (674 (disputed)–1122 (disputed)
• File:Cocollan.jpg Cocollán (1100–1521)
• Aztec Empire (1428–1521)
• Zapotec civilization (c. 700 BC–1521)
• File:Flag of the Three Guarantees.svg Northern America (1813)
• File:Bandera del Primer Imperio Mexicano.svg First Mexican Empire (1821–1823)
• File:Flag of Mexico (1823-1864, 1867-1893).svg Provisional Government of Mexico (1823–1824)
• File:Bandera de la Primera República Federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos.svg First Mexican Republic (1824–1835)
• File:Flag of the Republic of the Rio Grande.svg Republic of the Rio Grande (1840)
• File:Bandera de la República Central Mexicana.svg Centralist Republic of Mexico (1835–1846)
• File:Flag of the Republic of Yucatan.svg Republic of Yucatán (1841–1848)
• File:Bandera de la Segunda República Federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos.svg Second Federal Republic of Mexico (1846–1863)
• File:Flag of the Republic of Sonora.svg Republic of Sonora (1853–1854)
• File:Flag of the Republic of Lower California.svg Republic of Baja California (1853–1854)
• File:Bandera del Segundo Imperio Mexicano (1864-1867).svg Second Mexican Empire (1864–1867)

Nicaragua[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg Somoza Regime (1936–1979)
• File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg Junta of National Reconstruction (18 July 1979 – 10 January 1985)

United States[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of the Iroquois Confederacy.svg Iroquois Confederacy (between 1450 and 1660–1867)
• File:Flag of the Cherokee Nation.svg Cherokee Nation (1794–1865)
• File:Flag of the Vermont Republic.svg Vermont Republic (1777–1791)
• File:Flag of the Creek Nation.svg State of Muskogee (1799–1803)
• File:West Florida Flag.svg Republic of West Florida (1810)
• File:East Florida Patriot Flag.svg Republic of East Florida (1812)
• File:Green Cross flag of Florida.svg Republic of the Floridas (1817)
• Republic of Indian Stream (1832–1835)
• File:Flag of Texas.svg Republic of Texas (1836–1846)
• File:Alleged Mormon flag 1877.svg State of Deseret (1846)
• File:1stBearFlag.svg California Republic (June 14 – July 9, 1846)
• File:Flag of The Great Republic of Rough and Ready.svg The Great Republic of Rough and Ready (1850)
• File:Flag of South Carolina (1861).svg Palmetto Republic (1860-1861)
• File:Flag of Alabama (1861, obverse).svg Alabama Republic (1861)
• File:Flag of Louisiana (February 1861).svg Republic of Louisiana (1861)
• File:Flag of Mississippi (1861-1865).svg Republic of Mississippi (1861-1865)
• File:Flag of the Confederate States of America (1861–1863).svg Confederate States of America (1861–1865)
• File:1868 Lares Revolutionay Flag.svg Republic of Puerto Rico (1868-1898)

Oceania[edit | edit source]

• File:Royal Standard of Tonga.svg Tuʻi Tonga Empire (c. 450–1865)
• Kingdom of ʻUvea (15th century–1887)
• Kingdom of Alo
• Kingdom of Sigave
• File:Flag of the Kingdom of Mangareva 1832-1843.svg Mangareva (1881)
• File:Flag of Bora Bora.svg Kingdom of Bora Bora (till 1888 or 1895)
• File:Flag of Raiatea.svg Kingdom of Raiatea (till 1888, French protectorate since 1880)
• File:Flag of Huahine.svg Kingdom of Huahine (till 1895, French protectorate since 1888)
• File:Flag of the Kingdom of Tahiti.svg Kingdom of Tahiti (1788/91–1880, French protectorate since 1842)
• File:Flag of Rurutu.svg Kingdom of Rurutu (till 1900, French protectorate since 1888)
• File:Flag of Rimatara.svg Kingdom of Rimatara (till 1901, French protectorate since 1888)
• File:Flag of the Kingdom of Tahuata (1837-1842).svg Kingdom of Tahuata (till 1880, French protectorate since 1842)
• File:Flag of Rapa.svg Kingdom of Rapa Iti (till 1881, kingship continued to 1887)
• Kingdom of Mangareva (till 1881, French protectorate since 1844/1871)
• Taiohae Kingdom of Nuku Hiva (till 1901, sovereignty ceded to France in 1842)
• File:Flag of the Tuamotu Islands.svg Kingdom of Tuamotu
• File:Flag of the United Kingdom of Fiji 1871-1874.svg Kingdom of Fiji (1871–1874)
• File:Flag of Fiji.svg Dominion of Fiji (1970–1987)
• File:Flag of Hawaii (1816).svg Kingdom of Hawaii (1795–1893)
• File:Flag of Hawaii (1816).svg Provisional Government of Hawaii (1893–1894)
• File:Flag of Hawaii (1816).svg Republic of Hawaii (1894–1898)
• Patu-iki or Kingdom of Niue (c. 1700–1900)
• File:Flag of Rarotonga 1888-1893.svg Kingdom of Rarotonga (1858–1893)
• Saudeleur dynasty (c. 1100 – c. 1628)
• File:Easter Island flag 1876 to 1888.svg Kingdom of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) (till 1888)
• Kingdom of Nauru (till 1888)
• File:Flag of the People's Provisional Government of Vanuatu (1977-1978).svg People's Provisional Government of Vanuatu (1977–1978)

South America[edit | edit source]

Argentina[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of Argentina (1818).svg United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (1810–1831)
• File:Flag of the Argentine Confederation.svg Argentine Confederation (1831–1861)
• File:Flag of Artigas.svg Republic of Entre Ríos (1820–1821)
• File:Republica de tucuman.png Republic of Tucumán (1820–1821)
• File:Flag of the State of Buenos Aires.svg State of Buenos Aires (1852–1861)
• File:Flag of the Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia.svg Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia (1860–1862)

Bolivia[edit | edit source]

• File:State flag of Bolivia (1825-1826).svg State of Upper Peru (1825)
• File:State flag of Bolivia (1825-1826).svg Republic of Bolivar (1825)
• File:Flag of Bolivia (state, 1826-1851).svg Republic of Alto Perú (1828)
• File:Flag of Bolivia (state, 1826-1851).svg Bolivian Republic (1836–1839)
• File:Flag of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation.svg Peru-Bolivian Confederation (1836–1839)
• File:Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg Republic of Bolivia (1825–2010)

Brazil[edit | edit source]

• File:Bandeira da Terceira República do Acre.svg Republic of Acre (1899–1900; 1903)
• File:Flag of Empire of Brazil (1822-1870).svg Empire of Brazil (1822–1889)
• File:Bandeira da Confedereção do Equador.png Confederation of the Equator (1824)
• File:Flag of Piratini Republic.svg Riograndense Republic (1836–1845)
• File:Flag of República Juliana (1839).svg Juliana Republic (1839)
• File:Flag of the Republic of Independent Guyana (1887-1904).svg Republic of Counani (1886–1891)
• File:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg First Brazilian Republic (1889–1930)
• File:Flag of the Principality of Trinidad.svg Principality of Trindad (1893-1895)
• File:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg Vargas Era (1930–1945)
• File:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg Fourth Brazilian Republic (1946–1964)
• File:Flag of Brazil (1968–1992).svg Military dictatorship in Brazil (1964–1985)

Chile[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of Chile (1812-1814).svg Kingdom of Chile (1810–1814)
• File:State Ensign of Chile (1819-1834).svg New State of Chile (1819–1826)
• File:Flag of Chile.svg Conservative Republic (1830–1861)
• File:Flag of the Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia.svg Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia (1862)
• File:Flag of Chile.svg Liberal Republic (1861–1891)
• File:Flag of Chile.svg Parliamentary Era (1891–1925)
• File:Flag of Chile.svg Presidential Republic (1925–1973)
• File:Flag of Chile.svg Socialist Republic of Chile (4 June 1932 – 2 October 1932)
• File:Flag of Chile.svg Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990)

Colombia[edit | edit source]

• Muisca Confederation (1450–1537)
• File:Flag of Cundinamarca.svg Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca (1810–1815)
• File:Flag of Valle del Cauca.svg Confederate Cities of Valle del Cauca (1811–1815)
• File:Flag of New Granada (1811-1814).svg United Provinces of New Granada (1811–1816)
• File:Flag of the Gran Colombia.svg Gran Colombia (1819–1831)
• File:Flag of New Granada.svg Republic of New Granada (1831–1858)
• File:Flag of New Granada.svg Granadine Confederation (1858–1863)
• File:Flag of Colombia.svg United States of Colombia (1863–1886)
• File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombian Military Junta (1957–1958)

Ecuador[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of Patriotic Army of Ecuador 1809.svg State of Quito (1809-1812)
• File:Bandera de Guayaquil.svg Free Province of Guayaquil (1820-1822)

Paraguay[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of Paraguay (1954-1988).svg El Stronato (1954–1989)

Peru[edit | edit source]

• Kingdom of Chimor (c. 900–1470)
• Inca Empire (1438–1533)
• File:Flag of Peru (1821-1822).svg Protectorate of Peru (1821–1822)
• File:Flag of South Peru.svg Republic of South Peru (1836–1839)
• File:Flag of Peru (1825–1884).svg Republic of North Peru (1836–1839)
• File:Flag of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation.svg Peru-Bolivian Confederation (1836–1839)
• File:Flag of Peru (1825–1884).svg Peruvian Republic (1838–1839)
• Federal State of Loreto (1896)
• Jungle Nation (1899–1900)
• File:Flag of Peru.svg Peruvian Republic (1822–1968)
• File:Flag of Peru.svg Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru (1968–1980)

Uruguay[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of Artigas.svg Liga Federal (1815–1820)
• File:Flag of Uruguay (Oribe).svg Government of the Cerrito (1843–1851)
• File:Flag of Uruguay (Rivera).svg Government of the Defense (1843–1851)

Venezuela[edit | edit source]

• File:Flag of Junta Suprema de Caracas.svg Supreme Junta (1810)
• File:Flag of Venezuela (1811).svg First Republic of Venezuela (1811–1812)
• File:Bandera de la Guerra a Muerte.svg Second Republic of Venezuela (1813–1814)
• File:Flag of Venezuela (1817 and 1859).svg Third Republic of Venezuela (1817–1819)
• File:Flag of Venezuela (1830-1836).svg State of Venezuela (1830–1864)
• File:Flag of Venezuela (1863–1905).svg United States of Venezuela (1864–1953)
• File:State flag of Venezuela (1954–2006).svg Republic of Venezuela (1953–1999)

Modern states and territories by type[edit | edit source]

Dismembered countries[edit | edit source]

These states are now dissolved into a number of states, none of which retain the old name.

• File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg Greater German Reich – Dissolved in 1945, its former territory now consists of the entirety of the countries of Austria and Germany, and parts of what is now Belarus, the Czech Republic, France, Luxembourg, Poland, Russia, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Greece, Serbia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine and Slovenia.
• File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Republic of China (Mainland Period) – Polity existed to 7 December 1949 and its territory now controlled by the People's Republic of China (Mainland China), Mongolia, portion of the territory claimed by India and Japan, and parts of Afghanistan, Bhutan, Pakistan, Russia and Tajikistan. The rump state, still known as the "Republic of China", continues to control Taiwan and Penghu which was acquired from Japan in 1945, as well as Kinmen and Matsu Islands, forming part of the rump Fujian Province. See also the political status of Taiwan and the Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan.
• File:Flag of Korea (1899).svg Korea – Ceased to exist in 1910, its former territory now consists of the entirety of territory controlled by North Korea and South Korea, and a portion of territory claimed by Japan.
• File:Flag of Mali (1959-1961).svg Mali Federation – In 1959 formed by Senegal and French Sudan, both parts of French West Africa, as an independent nation. It collapsed in 1960, and is now Senegal and Mali.
• File:Flag of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and Algarves.svg Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (Reino Unido de Portugal, Brasil e Algarves) created in 1815 when Brazil was upgraded to the rank of kingdom, once the Portuguese royal family was living in Rio de Janeiro since 1809. This country was dissolved in 1822 when Brazil became independent. Now the countries of Portugal, Brazil, Cabo Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, Angola, East Timor and Mozambique.
• File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1992–2003); Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006).svg Serbia and Montenegro – Dissolved in 2006, now the countries of Montenegro, Serbia, and the partially recognized Kosovo.
• File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union – Dissolved in 1991, now the countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were not de jure part of the USSR during its occupation years.
• United Arab Republic – A union formed by Egypt and Syria in 1958. It was dissolved in 1961, though Egypt used the name until 1971. Other Pan-Arab unity agreements with Iraq and Jordan in the 1950s failed.
• United Arab States – A confederation formed by the United Arab Republic and North Yemen in 1958; it was dissolved in 1961.
• File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Yugoslavia – Dissolved in 1991 and 1992, now the countries of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Slovenia, and the partially recognized Kosovo.
• File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czechoslovakia – Existed from 1918 to 1992, the country wasn't active in World War II, but the government was in exile, dissolved in 1992 and broke up into Czechia and Slovakia.
• File:Flag of the Federal Republic of Central America.svg Central America – Existed from 1821 to 1841, broke up into Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.
• File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somali Republic – Dissolved in 1991, now the countries of Somalia and unrecognized Somaliland.
• File:Flag of Empire of Brazil (1822-1870).svg Empire of Brazil – An empire created after Brazil declared its independence in 1822 and dissolved in 1889, now the countries of Brazil and Uruguay (who declared their independence in 1825, and was recognized in 1828).

Nominally independent homelands of South Africa[edit | edit source]

Four of the homelands, or bantustans, for black South Africans, were granted nominal independence by the apartheid regime of South Africa. Not recognised by other nations, these effectively were puppet states and were re-incorporated in 1994.

• File:Flag of Bophuthatswana (1972–1994).svg Bophuthatswana – Declared independent in 1977, reincorporated in 1994.
• File:Flag of Ciskei.svg Ciskei – Declared independent in 1981, reincorporated in 1994.
• File:Flag of Transkei.svg Transkei – Declared independent in 1976, reincorporated in 1994.
• File:Flag of Venda (1973–1994).svg Venda – Declared independent in 1979, reincorporated in 1994.

Secessionist states[edit | edit source]

These nations declared themselves independent, but failed to achieve it in fact or did not seek permanent independence and were either re-incorporated into the mother country or incorporated into another country.

• File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Carpatho-Ukraine – declared independence from Czechoslovakia in 1939, but was occupied and annexed by Hungary in one day.
• Cartagena Canton – the haven city of Cartagena, Spain seceded from the First Spanish Republic in 1873.
• File:Flag of Catalonia.svg Catalan Republic (April 14–17, 1931).
• File:Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg Chechnya – Virtually independent from Russia from 1996 as Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, however the country was recognized only by the Taliban. After terrorist attacks in 1999 the republic was returned to Russia's control in the Second Chechen War.
• File:Flag of the Confederate States of America (1861-1863).svg Confederate States – Occupied the southeastern United States, stretching from Texas to Virginia. Declared secession from the U.S. in 1861, reintegrated into the U.S. in 1865. Reconstruction ended in 1876 and U.S. troops withdrew as an occupation force in 1877. South Carolina was the first state to declare its secession from the United States, doing so on December 20, 1860. Political factions in the "border states" of Kentucky and Missouri declared themselves parts of the Confederacy and controlled small portions of those regions early in the war. The major Indian tribes in Oklahoma signed an alliance with the Confederacy, and participated in its military efforts against the U.S.
• File:Flag of the Crimean ASSR (1938).svg Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, declared independence from Ukraine in 1992 but soon settled for being an autonomous republic within Ukraine.
• Cruzob, achieved independence from Mexico in 1856, but was reannexed in 1901.
• File:Flag of Green Ukraine.svg Green Ukraine – Declared independence from Far Eastern Republic in 1920, dissolved in 1922.
• File:Flag of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia.svg Herzeg-Bosnia – Separated from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992, reincorporated into the country in 1994.
• Italian Social Republic (1943–1945)
• File:Flag of Katanga.svg Katanga – Declared its independence of the newly formed Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1960, was incorporated again into the country in 1963.
• Manitoba – short-lived republic led by Thomas Spence, declared after the Hudson's Bay Company gave up Rupert's Land and before the government of Canada took control (1867).
• File:Metis Blue.svg Red River Rebellion – provisional government in Rupert's Land, led by Louis Riel in (1869–1870).
• File:State Flag of Serbian Krajina (1991).svg Serbian Krajina – declared independence from Croatia in 1991, reincorporated into the country in 1995.
• File:Flag of South Kasai.svg South Kasai – declared independence from the Democratic Republic of the Congo in June 1960, reincorporated into the country in December 1961.
• File:Flag of Russia-2.png Supreme Administration of Northern Region – Proclaimed independent in 1918, later became the Provisional Government of the Northern Region.
• File:Flag of the Republika Srpska.svg Republika Srpska – Separated from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992, reincorporated into the country in 1995.
• File:Flag of the Principality of Trinidad.svg Principality of Trinidad – Declared independence in 1893, claimed by United Kingdom in 1895, but incorporated by Brazil.
• File:Flag of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (1993–1995).svg Western Bosnia – Declared independence from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1993 and reincorporated into it in 1995.

Annexed countries[edit | edit source]

These nations, once separate, are now part of another country. Cases of voluntary accession are included.

• File:Labaro Reggenza Italiana del Carnaro.svg Regency of Carnaro in 1919 and File:Flag of the Free State of Fiume.svg Free State of Fiume 1920–1924, two short-lived states in the port city of Fiume/Rijeka proclaimed by Gabriele D'Annunzio. Following World War I, the city was disputed between Italy and Yugoslavia, and eventually captured by Italy in 1921. The city passed to Yugoslavia after World War II and is now in Croatia.
• File:Flag of the Couto Misto.svg Couto Misto – Tiny 10th century border territory that was split between Spain and Portugal in 1864–8.
• File:Flag of Cretan State.svg Crete – Autonomous under Ottoman suzerainty in 1898, unilaterally declared union with Greece in 1908, which was recognized in 1913.
• File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany – Annexed by West Germany in 1990 and now part of Germany.
• File:Flag of England.svg England – Merged with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707, now part of the United Kingdom.
• File:Flag of Franceville.svg Franceville (1889–1890) – Independent in 1889, later governed by France and Britain as part of the New Hebrides; now part of Vanuatu.
• File:Flag of Hatay.svg Hatay – Part of the Mandate of Syria that became part of Turkey; independent 1938–1939
• File:Flag of Hawaii (1896).svg Hawaii – Annexed by the U.S. in the late 19th century.
• File:FlagofKalat.svg Kalat (1638, 1666–1955) – 1666 to 1955, became part of Pakistan.
• Free States of Menton and Roquebrune – Seceded from Monaco in 1848, under nominal protection of the Kingdom of Sardinia, then annexed by France in 1861.
• File:Flag of Moresnet.svg Moresnet – 1816–1920, Tiny European territory that endured for a hundred years before definitively becoming part of Belgium.
• File:Flag of Natalia Republic.svg Natalia Republic – 1839–1843, Was quickly made into a British colony
• File:Flag of the Islands of Refreshment.svg Islands of Refreshment – The islands of Tristan da Cunha were settled in 1810 and declared independence in 1811. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1815.
• File:Flag of Scotland (1542–2003).svg Scotland – Merged with England to form the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707, now part of the United Kingdom.
• File:Flag of South Vietnam.svg South Vietnam – Occupied by North Vietnam in 1975 and annexed into it in 1976.
• File:Tatar Nationalist Flag.svg Islamic Republic of Tatarstan – Existed from 1992 until annexed by Russia in 1994.
• File:Flag of Transvaal.svg Transvaal – Now part of South Africa.
• File:Flag of Texas (1839–1879).svg Texas – Annexed by the U.S. in 1845.
• File:Flag of the Vermont Republic.svg Vermont Republic – Annexed by the US in 1791.

See also[edit | edit source]

• List of former national capitals – Capital cities – Capital cities
• List of largest empires
• List of micronations – List of self-declared sovereign entities. – List of self-declared sovereign entities.
• Lists of political entities by century – Various lists of political entities by century – Various lists of political entities by century
• List of sovereign states
  • List of Bronze Age states (c. 3300 – c. 1200 BC)
  • List of Iron Age states (c. 1200 – c. 600 BC)
  • List of Classical Age states (c. 600 BC – c. AD 200)
  • List of states during Late Antiquity – Wikipedia list article – Wikipedia list article (c. 200 – c. 700)
  • List of states during the Middle Ages (c. 700 – c. 1500)
  • List of pre-modern states
• Timeline of geopolitical changes (before 1900) – Chronological list of country and capital changes – Chronological list of country and capital changes
• Timeline of geopolitical changes (1900−1999)
• Timeline of geopolitical changes (2000−present)
• Timeline of sovereign states in Europe
  • Former countries in Europe after 1815
  • List of historic states of Germany
  • List of historic states of Italy – Wikipedia list article – Wikipedia list article
  • List of tribes and states in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine
• Political history of the world – History of world political events and trends – History of world political events and trends
• Princely state – Type of vassal state in British India – Type of vassal state in British India

Notes[edit | edit source]

Further reading[edit | edit source]

• Berge, Bjørn. Nowherelands: An Atlas of Vanished Countries 1840–1975. New York: Thames & Hudson, 2017 ISBN 9780500519905 240p.
• Harding, Les. Dead Countries of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Aden to Zululand. Scarecrow Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8108-3445-6