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    Spiranthes cernua

    Topic: Biology

     From Handwiki - Reading time: 3 min
    Short description: Species of orchid

    Nodding lady's tresses
    Spiranthes cernua (1).jpg
    Scientific classification edit
    Kingdom: Plantae
    Clade: Tracheophytes
    Clade: Angiosperms
    Clade: Monocots
    Order: Asparagales
    Family: Orchidaceae
    Subfamily: Orchidoideae
    Tribe: Cranichideae
    Genus: Spiranthes
    Species:
    S. cernua
    Binomial name
    Spiranthes cernua
    (L.) Rich.
    Synonyms
    • Ophrys cernua L. (basionym)
    • Limodorum autumnale Walter
    • Spiranthes annua Lesq. ex Brandeger & Coville
    • Neottia cernua (L.) Sw.
    • Gyrostachys cernua (L.) Kuntze
    • Gyrostachys constricta Small
    • Spiranthes constricta (Small) K.Schum.
    • Ibidium cernuum (L.) Bouse
    • Triorchis cernua (L.) Nieuwl.

    Spiranthes cernua, commonly called the nodding lady's tresses,[1] is a species of orchid occurring from Maritime Canada to the eastern and southern United States . As the common name suggests cernua means "nodding," or "bowed" in Latin.

    Description

    Spiranthes cernua plants grow up to 100 cm tall. They have 1-5 basal upright leaves, 5–22 cm long and 5–8 mm wide. The leaves are present during flowering but wilt afterwards. The white flowers are arranged in a spiral around the stem. Each flower is 6–12 mm long and consists of 3 sepals and 3 petals, all curved forward to give the flower a long bell shape. Flowers are slightly to strongly nodding (hence the name), older flowers usually nodding more than new ones. The dorsal sepal (the one at the top) is convex and recurved upwards towards the tip. The lip (bottom petal) curves strongly downwards towards its tip.[2][3]

    This species blooms in autumn.

    Habitat

    Spiranthes cernua grows in wet meadows, mossy seeps, maritime dune swallows, Sphagnum areas around pond and lake edges and along roadsides.[3]

    Species complex

    Before more recent identification of several separate species Spiranthes cernua had long been described as a species complex, exhibiting different morphologies throughout its range. Charles Sheviak, now retired curator of the New York State Museum Herbarium, explored this diversity in great detail,[4] eventually describing Spiranthes magnicamporum to represent large, later-flowering individuals with tuberous roots from the Midwest.[5] More recently, molecular and morphological work has recognized additional cryptic species in need of description; these newly recognized species are sometimes not closely related to S. cernua.[3]

    Broadly, the Spiranthes cernua species complex includes:[3]

    • Spiranthes arcisepala (Appalachian Mountains and eastern Great Lakes Basin)
    • Spiranthes bightensis (Atlantic ladies' tresses, ancient hybrid between S. cernua s.s. and S. odorata)
    • Spiranthes casei (Case's ladies' tresses)
    • Spiranthes cernua sensu stricto (described in this article)
    • Spiranthes incurva (ancient hybrid between S. cernua s.s. and S. magnicamporum, Great Lakes Basin, northern Ohio River Valley, and Great Plains)
    • Spiranthes magnicamporum (Great Plains ladies's tresses)
    • Spiranthes niklasii (ancient hybrid between S. cernua and S. ovalis, Ouachita Mountains and Crowley's Ridge, Arkansas)
    • Spiranthes ochroleuca (Appalachian Mountains and eastern Great Lakes Basin)
    • Spiranthes odorata (marsh lady's tresses)
    • Spiranthes parksii (Navasota ladies' tresses, in genetic studies revealed to be identical to S. cernua)
    • Spiranthes triloba (panther ladies' tresses)
    • Spiranthes ×kapnosperia (hybrid between S. cernua and S. ochroleuca, Great Smoky Mountains region)

    Cultivation

    A commonly cultivated variety is Spiranthes cernua 'Chadds Ford', grown because of its larger flowers, ease of cultivation, and other merits.[6] This cultivar is also often labelled as Spiranthes odorata however botanically it is neither but a third species called Spiranthes bightensis.[7]

    References

    1. ↑ "Spiranthes cernua". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=SPCE. Retrieved 27 November 2015. 
    2. ↑ Template:Go Orchids
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Pace, Matthew C.; Cameron, Kenneth M. (2017). "The Systematics of the Spiranthes cernua Species Complex (Orchidaceae): Untangling the Gordian Knot" (in en). Systematic Botany 42 (4): 640–669. doi:10.1600/036364417x696537. 
    4. ↑ Sheviak, Charles (1982). "Biosystematic study of the Spiranthes cernua complex". Bulletin of the New York State Museum Science Service 448. 
    5. ↑ Sheviak, Charles J. (1973). "A New Spiranthes from the Grasslands of Central North America". Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard University 23 (7): 285–297. doi:10.5962/p.168562. ISSN 0006-8098. 
    6. ↑ "Spiranthes odorata - Plant Finder". http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens-gardening/your-garden/plant-finder/plant-details/kc/a284/spiranthes-odorata.aspx. 
    7. ↑ PACE, MATTHEW C. (30 April 2021). "Spiranthes bightensis (Orchidaceae), a New and Rare Cryptic Hybrid Species Endemic to the U. S. Mid-Atlantic Coast". Phytotaxa 498 (3): 159–176. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.498.3.2. https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.498.3.2. Retrieved 17 March 2022. 

    See also Wikidata entry Q1152261.




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