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    Antiphospholipid syndrome resident survival guide

    From Wikidoc - Reading time: 2 min
    Antiphospholipid syndrome
    Resident Survival Guide
    Overview
    Causes
    FIRE
    Diagnosis
    Treatment
    Do's
    Don'ts


    Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]

    Overview[edit | edit source]

    Causes[edit | edit source]

    The causes of antiphospholipid syndrome are as follows:

    Autoimmune diseases Infections Drugs Malignancy
    • Systemic lupus erythmatosus(SLE)
    		 Bacterial infections:
    • Leptospirosis[1][2]
    • Syphilis
    • Lymes disease
    • Tuberculosis[3]
    • Leprosy
    • Infective endocarditis
    • Post-Streptococcal rheumatic fever
    • Klebsiella infection

    Viral infections:

    • Hepatitis A,B and C
    • HIV
    • Ebstein Barr virus
    • Adenovirus
    • Rubella
    • Parvovirus
    • Cytomegalovirus
    • Varicella Zoster virus

    Parasitic infections:

    • Visceral leischmaniasis
    • Pneumocysitis jirovecci
    • Malaria
    • Chlorpromazine
    • Procainamide
    • Hydralazine
    • Quinidine
    • Quinine
    • Phenytoin
    • Alpha interferon
    • Oral contraceptives
    • Amoxicillin
    • Chlorothiazide
    • Propanolol
    		 Tumors of the following organs can cause APS:
    • Lung
    • Colon
    • Breast
    • Cervix
    • Ovary

    Cancers:

    • Hodgkins lymphoma
    • Non-hodgkins lymphoma
    • Myeloid leukemia
    • Lymphocytic leukemia
    • Primary myelofibrosis
    • Polycythemia vera

    FIRE[edit | edit source]

    Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

    Treatment[edit | edit source]

    • Treatment of acute thrombosis
    • Treatment of recurrent thrombosis despite anticoagulation
    • Anticoagulation in pregnancy
    • Treatment of refractory cases in pregnancy

    Do's[edit | edit source]

    Don'ts[edit | edit source]

    References[edit | edit source]

    1. ↑ McNeil HP, Chesterman CN, Krilis SA (1991). "Immunology and clinical importance of antiphospholipid antibodies". Adv Immunol. 49: 193–280. PMID 1853785.
    2. ↑ Safa O, Crippa L, Della Valle P, Sabbadini MG, Viganò D'Angelo S, D'Angelo A (1999). "IgG reactivity to phospholipid-bound beta(2)-glycoprotein I is the main determinant of the fraction of lupus anticoagulant activity quenched by addition of hexagonal (II) phase phospholipid in patients with the clinical suspicion of antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome". Haematologica. 84 (9): 829–38. PMID 10477458.
    3. ↑ Triplett DA (1998). "Many faces of lupus anticoagulants". Lupus. 7 Suppl 2: S18–22. PMID 9814666.
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