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    2000 in the Philippines

    From Wikipedia - Reading time: 21 min

    For the program held by former Philippine president Fidel V. Ramos, see Philippines 2000.

    ←

    • 1999
    • 1998
    • 1997
    		Philippines 2000
    in
    the Philippines

    →

    • 2001
    • 2002
    • 2003
    Decades:
    • 1980s
    • 1990s
    • 2000s
    • 2010s
    • 2020s
    See also:
    • List of years in the Philippines
    • films

    2000 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 2000.

    Incumbents

    [edit]
    President Joseph Estrada
    • President: Joseph Estrada (LAMMP)
    • Vice President: Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Lakas)
    • Senate President:
      • Blas Ople (until July 12)
      • Franklin Drilon (July 12 – November 13)
      • Aquilino Pimentel Jr. (starting November 13)
    • House Speaker
      • Manuel Villar (until November 13)
      • Arnulfo Fuentebella (starting November 13)
    • Chief Justice: Hilario Davide
    • Philippine Congress: 11th Congress of the Philippines

    Events

    [edit]

    January

    [edit]
    • January 4 – Rape convict Alex Bartolome is executed by lethal injection at the National Penitentiary in Muntinlupa City, the country's seventh and the last execution since the re-imposition of capital punishment in 1994 and before its abolition in 2006.[1]
    • January 6 – The Parañaque City Regional Trial Court, in its decision dated Jan. 4, convicts Hubert Webb and seven others, two of them in absentia, sentencing them to reclusión perpetua in connection to a family murder case in the city in 1991; sentences also a former policeman, convicted of cover-up, to a lower prison term. The ruling would be upheld by the Court of Appeals, but reversed later by the Supreme Court; co-accused Joey Filart and Artemio Ventura remain at large.[a][3][4]

    February

    [edit]
    • February 1 – Reports from Cotabato reveal that Norberto Manero Jr., who has been serving prison sentence for the 1985 murder of Italian priest Tullio Favali, has been pardoned by President Estrada in December 1999. Following nationwide protests, the pardon is later eventually revoked, and Manero is jailed in Sarangani for a 1977 murder case.[5]
    • February 23–March 7 – Mayon volcano in Albay erupts, with the most violent occurred, February 28 – March 1; its status is raised to the highest, Alert Level 5, on February 24 due to its hazardous explosions with pyroclastic and lahar flows that affected parts of the province, with several thousands evacuated even outside identified danger zones.[6]
    • February 25 – In what would be the single deadliest bombing incident in Mindanao, an explosion, allegedly by the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), occur inside two passenger buses aboard a ferry boat Our Lady of Mediatrix in Ozamiz City, killing at least 45 people and injuring more than 100.[7][8][9][10][11] Bombings also occur in a bus in Rizal, Zamboanga del Norte and,[8][12] on February 27, at a radio station in Cotabato City, all are also blamed on the MILF.[13][8][9][7]
    • February 28 – An explosion at the gold-rush site at Mt. Diwalwal in Monkayo, Compostela Valley results in the deaths of 11 miners; more than 40 are hospitalized.[14]

    March

    [edit]
    • March 16 – MILF rebels led by Commander Bravo attack and occupy Kauswagan, Lanao del Norte and later clash with Government troops, with more than 40 rebels, 9 soldiers and 2 civilians die in the fighting until the town is abandoned by the guerrillas and is retaken by the troops on March 18; the incident is one of the attacks occurred in several municipalities in the Lanao provinces.[9][15][16]
    • March 20 – Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) rebels seize more than 50 people in Basilan, including a Roman Catholic priest as well as teachers and students from two schools in Sumisip and Tuburan towns; some of them are held hostage for months.[17][18][19][20][21][22][23]
    • March 21 – Pres. Estrada, in his visit in Kauswagan, Lanao del Norte, declares an all-out war against the MILF in Mindanao following rebel attacks in Lanao provinces[9][15][24][25][26] as a warning to the separation of an Islamic state; ended July 12.[27]

    April

    [edit]
    • April 8 – Government troops launch an attack on Camp Belal, a MILF camp in Munai, Lanao del Norte, with 16 rebels and a soldier reportedly killed.[28]
    • April 12:
      • At least 69 people are killed when an unlicensed, overloaded wooden ferryboat ML Annahada heading for Tawi-Tawi and Malaysia capsized at sea after leaving a port in Jolo, Sulu, with more than a hundred others missing and feared dead.[13][29][30]
      • Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) reports that 70 MILF rebels and 23 government troops have died in escalated clashes in some municipalities in Lanao del Norte for the past few days.[31]
    • April 16 – A grenade explosion on an intersection in Baclaran, Parañaque City kills eight people and hurts 30 others.[32]
    • April 19 – Air Philippines Flight 541 explodes and crashes into a coconut plantation in Island Garden City of Samal, killing all 131 people on board.[26] It is considered as the country's worst aviation accident in history, with fatality count surpassing those from another plane crash in 1998.[30][33][34]
    • April 22 – Military troops launch an assault against Abu Sayyaf in Camp Abdurajak on Basilan Island, in response to a claim on Apr. 19 that the extremist Muslim rebel group have executed two male teachers, and in an attempt to rescue the hostages who have been held captive for a month; three soldiers and 25 rebels are reportedly killed in the attack; they capture the main rebel camp in the island on April 28.[19][20][35]
    • April 23 – ASG gunmen seized 21 people including 10 tourists and 11 resort workers, two of them Filipinos, from the resort island of Sipadan, Malaysia. Hostages are brought to the Jolo in the southern Philippines; most of them are released later that year except for a Filipino captive who would escape in 2003.[17][20][22][36][37][38]
    • April 27 – Army troops capture a MILF camp in Baloi, Lanao del Norte following a clash that has killed at least 26 guerrillas.[39][verification needed]

    May

    [edit]
    • May 3:
      • Four ASG hostages, including a Roman Catholic priest and 3 teachers are killed during an operation which soldiers rescued 15 another hostages.[17][21][22][40] There are also reports that 5 children have been killed by the ASG and a female teacher has been missing; all among the victims who were kidnapped in March.[18][20]
      • Twenty-one soldiers and a CAFGU member are killed in an encounter between government troops and the MILF in Matanog, Maguindanao, in what would be the biggest single battle loss suffered by the government during the war.[9]
    • May 4:
      • The ILOVEYOU computer virus, originating from the country, is released by a student, spreading quickly throughout the world and damaging around 45 million computers worldwide.[26][41]
      • A firefight between secessionist MILF and government soldiers occurs in the Lanao del Sur–Maguindanao provincial boundary, when rebels allegedly occupied a highway; ends with the capture of the MILF–BIAF headquarters on May 7, with 108 rebels and 3 Marine soldiers died within two days.[42]
    • May 6 – Six persons are killed and 37 others are wounded in separate bus explosions in Surigao and Butuan cities.[43]
    • May 7 – An Army Special Forces unit in Lantawan, Basilan, searching for ASG hostages taken in March, is ambushed by the bandits, killing 13 of its soldiers.[44][45]
    • May 16 – An explosion in Glorietta Mall in Makati injures 13 persons.[25]
    • May 21 – An explosion and a stampede in SM Megamall in Mandaluyong kills one person and injures at least 11 others.[10][25][46]
    • May 25:
      • A Philippine Airlines Flight 812 is hijacked by a man, later identified as Augusto Lakandula, just before its landing at Manila. The suspect, who robbed passengers and attempted to jump out of the plane while in Antipolo, is found dead in a forest in Real, Quezon at night.[47]
      • Philippine peso closes to ₱43.40 per US dollar, the lowest since October 1998.[48]
    • Late May – At least 33 MILF rebels and three government soldiers die in a clash in Marogong, Lanao del Sur.[49]

    June

    [edit]
    • June 21 – The PBCom Tower, the tallest building in the country upon its completion, opens.
    • June 27 – Thirteen soldiers are killed when New People's Army (NPA) rebels ambushed a convoy of military medical personnel in Jones, Isabela.[44][50]

    July

    [edit]
    • July 1 – Televangelist Wilde Almeda and 11 other preachers from Jesus Miracle Crusade are abducted by ASG bandits as they went to a rebel camp in Jolo, Sulu. They are rescued on October 2 after being held hostage.[22][38][51]
    • July 2 – A Philippine Air Force (PAF) aircraft crashes into the Sulu Sea, off Cagayancillo, Palawan, after experiencing engine failure on its takeoff, killing 11 of the 12 people on board including an Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) official and a provincial governor.[52][53]
    • July 9 – AFP captures from the MILF its main camp, Camp Abubakar in Maguindanao, after a week-long military attack, as part of a campaign against Moro insurgency in Mindanao.[9][26][54]
    • July 10 – Hundreds of shanties are buried in a collapse of a dumpsite, destabilized by torrential rains caused by tropical cyclones, in Payatas, Quezon City; 234 people are confirmed killed, as high as 800 are missing and presumed dead.[13][26][55][56]
    • July 16 – About a hundred armed men, suspected to be MILF rebels, attack a village in Bumbaran, Lanao del Sur, kill 21 Christian residents inside a mosque, and go on a shooting rampage that injures 11 people.[57]

    August

    [edit]
    • August 4 – An attack by heavily armed men on a road in Cotabato occurs; 16 people are killed and 10 others are seriously injured.[58]
    • August 10 – Maasin, Southern Leyte becomes a city through ratification in a plebiscite of RA 8796 which was approved on July 11.[59][60]
    • August 11 – A clash between the government forces and a religious cult locally known as Tadtad in Pangantucan, Bukidnon results in deaths of at least 16 cult members and 4 from the troops.[61]
    • August 21 – NPA guerillas ambush a group of army soldiers in Himamaylan, Negros Occidental, killing 17 of them.[44][62]

    September

    [edit]
    • September 8 – Digos becomes a component city in the province of Davao del Sur through ratification of Republic Act 8798.
    • September 10 – San Jose del Monte becomes a component city in the province of Bulacan through ratification of Republic Act 8797.[63]
    • September 18:
      • Bislig becomes a component city in the province of Surigao del Sur through ratification of Republic Act 8804.
      • Tacurong becomes a component city in the province of Sultan Kudarat through ratification of Republic Act 8805.[64]
    • September 19 – The Sandiganbayan declares that the escrow fund in the Philippine National Bank amounting US$627 million (January 2002), allegedly kept by the Marcos family in Swiss accounts, belongs to the government, forfeiting them to the latter. The decision would be reversed in 2002, but reinstated by the Supreme Court in 2003.[65]
    • September 30 – Masbate becomes a component city in the province of Masbate through ratification of Republic Act 8807.

    October

    [edit]
    • October 4 – Luis Singson exposes Pres. Estrada's alleged links to illegal gambling; followed by a privilege speech of Sen. Teofisto Guingona in Senate.[66]
    • October 8 – Koronadal becomes a component city in the province of South Cotabato through ratification of Republic Act 8803.
    • October 18 – An impeachment complaint is filed by the opposition groups, with House of Representatives, against Pres. Estrada.[67]
    • October 20 – A massive power outage affects most parts of Luzon including Metro Manila, caused by system failures in the transmission lines of the National Power Corporation in Pangasinan and Bulacan; electricity was fully restored 16 hours later.[13][68]

    November

    [edit]
    • November 13 – The House of Representatives votes to impeach Pres. Estrada, with impeachment case filed against him regarding his alleged links to illegal gambling.[69]

    December

    [edit]
    • December 7 – Impeachment trial against Pres. Estrada begins at the Senate; the first for an Asian head of state. Its last day would be on January 16, 2001; trial aborted, Jan. 17.[67][70]
    • December 9 – Muñoz, Nueva Ecija becomes a city through ratification in a plebiscite of RA 8977 which was approved on November 7; the first Science City in the country and in Southeast Asia.[71]
    • December 15 – At least eleven members of the Pulahan sect are killed in a clash with a rival group, the Philippine Benevolent Missionaries Association, in San Jose, then part of Surigao del Norte.[72][73]
    • December 16 – Sorsogon becomes a component city in the province of Sorsogon through ratification of Republic Act 8806.[74]
    • December 23 – Bayawan becomes a component city in the province of Negros Occidental through ratification of Republic Act 8983.
    • December 25 – At least 45 people died when a bus falls into a ravine after being hit by another bus in Bansalan, Davao del Sur.[75]
    • December 30:
      • Multiple simultaneous terrorist bombings in Metro Manila, occurring on Rizal Day, kill 22 people and injure more than 120 others.[26][67][76] In 2009, three of those involved in the attacks would be sentenced to life imprisonment.[10][77]
      • Balanga, Bataan becomes a city through ratification of RA 8984 which was approved on December 5.[78][79]
      • Talisay becomes a component city in the province of Cebu through ratification of Republic Act 8979.

    Holidays

    [edit]
    Main article: Public holidays in the Philippines

    As per Executive Order No. 292, chapter 7 section 26, the following are regular holidays and special days, approved on July 25, 1987.[80] Note that in the list, holidays in bold are "regular holidays" and those in italics are "nationwide special days".

    • January 1 – New Year's Day
    • April 9 – Araw ng Kagitingan (Day of Valor)
    • April 20 – Maundy Thursday
    • April 21 – Good Friday
    • May 1 – Labor Day
    • June 12 – Independence Day
    • August 27 – National Heroes Day
    • November 1 – All Saints Day
    • November 30 – Bonifacio Day
    • December 25 – Christmas Day
    • December 30 – Rizal Day
    • December 31 – Last Day of the Year

    In addition, several other places observe local holidays, such as the foundation of their town. These are also "special days."

    Television

    [edit]
    Main article: 2000 in Philippine television

    Sports

    [edit]
    • January 31 – The Welcoat House Paints won the third straight PBL title in the 1999–2000 2nd Yakult-PBL Challenge Cup after beating Ana Water Dispenser in Finals Game 3, 58–56.
    • February 11–13 The Philippines hosting the 2000 Asian Beach Volleyball Championship held from February 11 to 13, 2000 in Pasay, Philippines
    • March 5 – Negros Occidental becomes the overall champion in the inaugural Palaro ng Bayan, held in General Santos, winning a total of 67 medals including 31 golds.[81]
    • June 11 – The Alaska Milkmen won their third PBA All-Filipino crown in the last five years with a 4–1 series victory over Purefoods TJ Hotdogs. The title-conquest was their 10th championship.
    • June 27 – The Welcoat Paint Masters won their fourth straight title of the Philippine Basketball League after they beaten the Shark Energy Drink at the 2000 PBL Chairman's Cup held at Makati Coliseum.
    • August 6 – The 2000 ABC-PBA All-Star Game is the All-Star game was held on August 6, 2000, at the Philsports Arena in Pasig.
    • August 24–27 – The Philippines hosts the 2000 FIVB World Grand Prix at the Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City.
    • September 12–17 – Dagupan City was hosting the 2000 Asian Junior Women's Volleyball Championship was held in Dagupan City.
    • September 15–October 1 – The Philippines participated in the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia by sending a delegation of 20 members. But all of the athletes lost in the said event and did not home their medals.
    • September 15 – The San Miguel Beermen claim their 14th PBA crown by winning against Sta. Lucia Realtors in five games. The Realtors were on their first finals appearance since joining the league in 1993.
    • November 25 – The San Juan Knights defeated Negros Slashers, 104–91 in Game Six, at the San Juan Gym for their first MBA national title.
    • December 20 – The San Miguel Beermen retains the PBA Governors Cup title and captured their 15th PBA crown, defeating Purefoods TJ Hotdogs in their finals series, four games to one

    Births

    [edit]

    January

    [edit]
    • January 1 – A. J. Edu, basketball player
    • January 2 – Faith Nisperos, volleyball player

    February

    [edit]
    • February 16 – Carlos Edriel Yulo, gymnast
    • February 23 – Lexi Gonzales, actress, dancer and singer
    • February 26 – Alexa Ilacad, actress

    March

    [edit]
    • March 1 – Nikki Samonte, model and singer
    • March 2 – Bianca Umali, actress and dancer[82]
    • March 8 – Thea Astley, singer, actress and host
    • March 12 – Sabrina Man, actress

    April

    [edit]
    • April 7 – Vincent Magbanua, actor
    • April 21 – Taki Saito, actress, performer, host
    • April 28 – Sela Guia, actress and former member of MNL48

    July

    [edit]
    • July 15 – Edward Barber, actor
    • July 22 – Kaori Oinuma, actress
    • July 28 – Kaitlin De Guzman, artistic gymnast

    August

    [edit]
    • August 3:
      • Vivoree Esclito, actress and singer
      • Kira Balinger, actress and singer
      • Melizza Jimenez, actress, model and singer
    • August 10 – Ace Banzuelo, singer
    • August 16 – Elijah Canlas, actor, singer and songwriter
    • August 21 – Kate Valdez, actress

    September

    [edit]
    • September 16 – Therese Malvar, actress

    November

    [edit]
    • November 28 – Jacob Rica, actor and model

    December

    [edit]
    • December 5 – Vanessa Gandler, volleyball player
    • December 12 – Brace Arquiza, actor and model
    • December 16 – Kakie, singer-songwriter

    Deaths

    [edit]

    January

    [edit]
    • January 22 – Teodoro Locsin Sr., journalist. (b. 1914)

    March

    [edit]
    • March 20 – Ramon Mitra, Jr., chief of the Philippine National Oil Company; House Speaker (1987–1992) and former senator (b. 1928)[83][84][85]

    April

    [edit]
    • April 8 – Alfredo Alcala, Filipino comic book artist (b. 1925)
    • April 11 – Salvador Lazo Lazo, Filipino prelate of the Roman Catholic Church (b. 1918)
    • April 25 – Jun Aristorenas, Filipino actor, director, dancer, producer and writer (b. 1933)

    May

    [edit]
    • May 3 – Rhoel Gallardo, C.M.F., Catholic priest (b. 1965)[18][20][40]
    • May 11 – Cipriano Bautista, mayor of Navotas. (b. 1929)[86]
    • May 15 – Roberto Benedicto, businessman. (b. 1917)[87][88]
    • May 28 – Francisco Vestil, Filipino basketball player (b. 1914)

    June

    [edit]
    • June 11 – Sarah Jane Salazar, Filipino AIDS activist and educator (b. 1975)[89]

    September

    [edit]
    • September 27 – Pablo Cuneta, Filipino politician, former Mayor of Pasay and father of Sharon Cuneta (b. 1910)
    • September 29 – Maningning Miclat, Filipino poet and painter (b. 1972)

    November

    [edit]
    • November 24 – Bubby Dacer, Publicist (b. 1934)

    December

    [edit]
    • December 4 – Tito Arévalo, Filipino actor and musician (b. 1914)

    Unknown

    [edit]
    • Valeriano Abello (b. 1913)

    Further reading

    [edit]
    • Labrador, Mel (January–February 2001). "THE PHILIPPINES IN 2000: In Search of a Silver Lining". Asian Survey. 41 (1). University of California Press: 221–229. doi:10.1525/as.2001.41.1.221. JSTOR 10.1525/as.2001.41.1.221.

    Notes

    [edit]

    Additional information

    [edit]
    1. ^ On Feb. 17, a man with name Joey Filart is arrested in San Mariano, Isabela; but will later be ordered released by the Department of Justice; he is said to be the same individual mistakenly arrested but cleared in 1995.[2]

    Multiple citations

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ —"Philippines Executes Rapist" Associated Press. Retrieved 04-12-2021.
      —"In the know: Death penalty" Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 04-12-2021.
    2. ^ For this event:

      Articles from Philippine Headline News Online (PHNO):
      —"Fugitive convicted in Vizconde massacre arrested" Feb. 19, 2000. Retrieved Feb. 24, 2022.
      —"Cops arrested wrong Joey Filart –Jessica Alfaro" Feb. 22, 2000.
      Articles from Philstar.com:
      —"Is he the right Filart?" Feb. 20, 2000.
      —"Jessica: It's wrong Joey Filart, again" Feb. 21, 2000.
      Other source:
      —"PJR Jan-Mar 2000 Vizconde Massacre Case Monitor" Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility (via Scribd). First quarter, 2000.

      Unless otherwise stated, all were retrieved July 9, 2022.
    3. ^ For the verdict:
      —"Hubert Webb, others found guilty in Vizconde massacre" PHNO. January 6, 2000.
      —"Vizconde massacre trial ends with guilty verdict" PHNO. January 7, 2000.
      All were retrieved January 7, 2019.
    4. ^ Later events:
      —"Vizconde ruling upheld CA backs life terms in killings" (Limited access) The Manila Times. Dec. 17, 2005. Retrieved July 9, 2022.

      For the details of the case:
      —"G.R. NO. 176389 & G.R. NO. 176864" Supreme Court E-Library. Dec. 14, 2010.
      —"The Vizconde massacre revisited" ABS-CBN News. Dec. 14, 2010.
      —"Vizconde massacre timeline" Philstar.com. Dec. 15, 2010.
      —"Appendix: Case analysis: Supreme Court's rulings on Vizconde and Abadilla cases are contradictory" Asian Human Rights Commission. Dec. 21, 2010.

      Unless otherwise stated, all were retrieved Oct. 8, 2021.
    5. ^ "War, tragedies, deaths pester promised land". Philippine Daily Inquirer. January 4, 2001. p. A10. Retrieved June 12, 2025 – via Google Books.
    6. ^ —Corpuz, Ernesto; Punongbayan, Raymundo (March 27, 2000). "The February – March 2000 Mayon Eruption". ReliefWeb. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
      —"Mayon buries towns in ash" PHNO. Feb 29, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
    7. ^ a b —Lopez, Antonio (March 10, 2000). "Meeting Force With Force". Asiaweek. Archived from the original on January 30, 2011. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
      —"Radio station blast blamed on MILF." (February 29, 2000) Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. 1, 6. (Link) Retrieved July 9, 2019.
    8. ^ a b c "Ozamis bus bombings: Death toll climbs, MILF blamed" PHNO. Feb 27, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
    9. ^ a b c d e f Cal, Ben (October 9, 2017). "Cimatu needs his brilliant past as DENR chief". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved August 9, 2019.
    10. ^ a b c Lives Destroyed: Attacks on Civilians in the Philippines. Human Rights Watch. July 2007.
      —See "List of Major Attacks". Retrieved June 17, 2022.
      —See page 3 of the publication (PDF file). Retrieved June 15, 2019.
    11. ^ Espejo, Edwin (August 3, 2013). "Mindanao bombs: over 300 killed in 12 yrs". Rappler. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
    12. ^ "Buses on Ozamis ferry bombed, 20 dead" PHNO. Feb 26, 2000. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022.
    13. ^ a b c d The Encyclopedia Americana Annual 2001. Grolier, Inc. 2001.
    14. ^ "Diwalwal gold mine tunnel death toll now 11" PHNO. Mar 3, 2000. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022.
    15. ^ a b "Erap in Lanao battle zone; warns MILF" PHNO. Mar 21, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
    16. ^ "Govt retakes Lanao town from MILF rebels" PHNO. Mar 18, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
    17. ^ a b c "More Massacres in Mindanao than other parts of the country" (December 13, 2009). The Manila Times (via PressReader). Retrieved August 8, 2019.
    18. ^ a b c —"Hostage priest tortured, killed by Abu Sayyaf" PHNO. May 5, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
      —Locsin, Joel (May 23, 2015). "15 years later, priest's martyrdom by Abu Sayyaf in Basilan remembered". GMA News. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
      —Fuentes, John Frances (May 18, 2015). "Priest 'martyr for peace' remembered". CBCP News. Archived from the original on June 27, 2015. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
    19. ^ a b —"Govt attacks Basilan rebels to rescue hostages" PHNO. Apr 22, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
      —"Stench of death in Sayyaf Basilan camp" PHNO. Apr 29, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
    20. ^ a b c d e "Four hostages including priest killed, 15 freed in Southern Philippines". UCA News. May 4, 2000. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
    21. ^ a b Sieff, Martin (May 3, 2000). "Hostage crisis brings Philippines dispute to the fore". UPI. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
    22. ^ a b c d —"Abu Sayyaf kidnappings, bombings and other attacks". GMA News. August 23, 2007. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
      —La Vina, Enrico Antonio; Balane, Lilita (March 31, 2009). "Timeline: The Abu Sayyaf atrocities". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
    23. ^ —"Abu Sayyaf rebels take 77 people hostage in Basilan". Philstar.com. March 21, 2000. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
      —"Muslim rebels threaten to kill 43 hostages" PHNO. Mar 22, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
      —"Abu Sayyaf threatens to kill hostages" PHNO. Mar 27, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
    24. ^ —Mercado, Jun (March 19, 2010). "All-out war in Mindanao (Opinion)". GMA News. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
      —Melican, Nathaniel (January 27, 2015). "Estrada stands by all-out war strategy vs MILF". Inquirer.net. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
    25. ^ a b c Lopez, Antonio (June 2, 2000). "Who's Behind The Blasts?". Asiaweek. Archived from the original on November 2, 2023. Retrieved June 19, 2019.
    26. ^ a b c d e f "#Journeyto30" by Epi Fabonan III, Philstar.com: (2000) "The year of living dangerously" September 1, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
    27. ^ "55. Philippines/Moro Islamic Liberation Front (1977-present)". uca.edu. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
    28. ^ "Govt attacks MILF camp, 16 rebels dead" PHNO. September 4, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
    29. ^ —"56 die, 100 missing in Jolo ferry disaster" PHNO. Apr 13, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
      —"Jolo boat not licensed for passengers; 69 bodies so far" PHNO. Apr 14, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
    30. ^ a b "131 killed in Philippines' worst air crash". The Guardian. April 19, 2000. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
    31. ^ "70 MILF, 23 soldiers die in Lanao battle" PHNO. Apr 13, 2000. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022.
    32. ^ "8 dead in Baclaran grenade blast" PHNO. Apr 17, 2000. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022.
    33. ^ For the air accident report:
      —"Air Phils 737 crashes in Davao, no survivors" PHNO. Apr 19, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
      —TJ Burgonio, et al. (April 20, 2000) "131 die in Davao crash" Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. 1, 4. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
      —AP, et al. (April 20, 2000) "131 killed in worst RP crash" Manila Standard, pp. 1–2. Retrieved May 24, 2021.

      Accident as the Philippines' worst:
      —"RP's worst air accidents" (April 20, 2000). Philippine Daily Inquirer, p. 13.
      —Orosa, Rosalinda (July 25, 2014). "Philippines' worst commercial flight disasters". Philstar.com. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
    34. ^ According to Aviation Safety Network database (Link), the said aviation accident is currently the worst. The worst before was the one which occurred in February 1998, now the 2nd deadliest, with 104 fatalities. (See the details of Feb. 1998 and Apr. 2000 accidents. Retrieved 02-11-2021.)
    35. ^ —"Abu Sayyaf to kill priest, 4 others unless Govt stops attack" PHNO. Apr 23, 2000.
      —"3 soldiers, 25 rebels killed in Basilan assault" PHNO. Apr 25, 2000.
      —"Basilan rebels cornered, retreat with hostages" PHNO. Apr 28, 2000.
      All were retrieved January 7, 2019.
    36. ^ "It's do or die - Abu Sayyaf" PHNO. Oct 28, 2000. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022.
    37. ^ —"Tausug gunmen head for RP w/ 20 abducted tourists" PHNO. Apr 24, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
      —"List of hostages abducted from Malaysia" PHNO. Apr 25, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
      —"Abu Sayyaf claim Malaysian abductions" PHNO. Apr 25, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
      —"2 foreign hostages reported dead" PHNO. March 5, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
    38. ^ a b —"TV pastor's followers say he is praying with hostages, not detained". UCA News. July 6, 2000. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
      —"Evangelists fail to leave hostage island". News24. August 11, 2000. Archived from the original on August 13, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
    39. ^ "Govt retakes Lanao MILF camp, 26 rebels dead" PHNO. Apr 27, 2000. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022.
    40. ^ a b —"Abu Sayyaf tortured, killed Filipino hostages" PHNO. 05-04-2000. Retrieved 01-07-2019.
      —"Zambales readies martyr's welcome for slain priest" PHNO. 05-07-2000. Retrieved 02-26-2022.
    41. ^ —"'LoveLetter' computer virus – made in RP" PHNO. April 5, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
      —"RP 'love bug' wreaks $1-B havoc on world's computers." (May 6, 2000). Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. 1, 5. (Link) Retrieved August 7, 2019.
    42. ^ "108 rebels dead as Govt captures MILF HQ" PHNO. August 5, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
    43. ^ "Six persons killed, 37 wounded in Surigao bomb blast" PHNO. July 5, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
    44. ^ a b c —"In the know: Other government fatalities" Inquirer.net. 10-21-2011.
      —"Most violent encounters between gov’t forces and rebels" Inquirer.net. 01-27-2015. (For the Negros Occidental incident.)
      All were retrieved 02-28-2022.
    45. ^ "Help for wives, families of slain soldiers in Basilan ambush" PHNO. May 24, 2000. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022.
    46. ^ "Megamall cinema bombed, 1 dead" PHNO. May 21, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
    47. ^ —"PAL hijacker found dead, loot missing" PHNO. May 26, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
      —Papa, Alcuin; et al. (May 26, 2000). "Hijacking of PAL plane: Only in RP." Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. 1, 20. (Link) Retrieved August 7, 2019.
      —Herrera, Christine; et al. (May 27, 2000). "Hijacker's body found in Quezon." Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. 1, 18. (Link) Retrieved August 7, 2019.
    48. ^ —"Newscoop!! New low: P43.40=$1" PHNO. May 25, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
      —"Peso = P43.40 to US$1" PHNO. May 26, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
    49. ^ "33 MILF, 3 soldiers dead in Lanao clash" PHNO. May 28, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
    50. ^ "Isabela NPA ambush: Army colonel, 13 others dead" PHNO. Jun 29, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
    51. ^ —"Evangelists rescued from Abu Sayyaf" PHNO. February 10, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
      —"Wife thanks God and Estrada for evangelist's return from extremists". UCA News. October 4, 2000. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
      —Buchan, Alex (December 4, 2000). "Philippines: Hostage Drama Exposes Christians' Vulnerability". Christianity Today. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
    52. ^ Teves, Maria Althea (January 28, 2010). "List of aviation accidents involving the Philippine military". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
    53. ^ —"PAF Western Command Maj-General dead in Palawan plane crash" PHNO. March 7, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
      —Veridiano, Dave; Lujan, Nereo (July 3, 2000). "General killed in plane crash." Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. 1, 19. (Link) Retrieved July 9, 2019.
    54. ^ —Bagaoisan, Andrew Jonathan (July 9, 2015). "Throwback: The fall of Camp Abubakar (Blog)". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
      —"Gov't captures Camp Abubakar!" PHNO. Jun 29, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
      —Gallardo, Froilan (July 10, 2000). "Camp Abubakar Falls." Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. 1, 20. (Link) Retrieved July 9, 2019.
    55. ^ —"36 dead, hundreds missing in QC garbage dump collapse" PHNO. October 7, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
      —"Dumpsite disaster: 196 dead, 700 missing" PHNO. Jul 17, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
      —Pagano, Angela (July 21, 2000). ""Promised Land" garbage landslide kills at least 200 in the Philippines". World Socialist Web Site. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
      —Tubeza, Philip (July 11, 2000) "Payatas trash slides; 46 dead, 29 injured" Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. 1, 15. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
    56. ^ Payatas tragedy:
      —(Video) July 10, 2000 episode of Frontpage. GMA Network via Walter J. Brown Media Archives, University of Georgia.
      —"Payatas tragedy: One year after" Philstar.com. July 10, 2001.
      —"Payatas: The Story of a Tragedy" Kadamay and Task Force Damayan (via studylib.net). n.d.
      —"Stability problems of landfills – The Payatas landslide" (PDF) n.d.

      Later events:
      —"After nearly 20 years, court finds Quezon City liable for Payatas tragedy" Philstar.com. Jan. 16, 2020.
      —"Court orders QC govt to pay P6M to Payatas dumpsite tragedy victims" Rappler. Jan. 16, 2020.

      Event is also mentioned:
      —"The Payatas Tragedy: A Grim Reminder of Mis-development" Mirage Productions International.
      —"Life on the Rubbish Dumps" Children of the Dump. n.d.

      All were retrieved June 17, 2022.
    57. ^ "MILF rebels massacre 21 Christians" PHNO. Jul 18, 2000. Retrieved Feb 24, 2022.
    58. ^ "Cotabato: 16 massacred by suspected MILF group" PHNO. Aug 6, 2000. Retrieved Feb 24, 2022.
    59. ^ "MAASIN CITY PROFILE". City Government of Maasin. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
    60. ^ "This Week's Milestones" (From 08-06-2017 to 08-12-2017) Inquirer.net. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
    61. ^ —"20 dead in police clash with cultists" PHNO. Aug 13, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
      —"Cult clash leaves 20 dead" BBC News. 08-12-2000. Retrieved 02-28-2022.
    62. ^ —"Negros NPA band kills 17 soldiers" PHNO. Aug 22, 2000. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022.
      —"Philippine rebels kill 17 soldiers" AP. 08-21-2000. Retrieved 02-28-2022.
    63. ^ "History of San Jose Del Monte". City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan. Archived from the original on October 22, 2016. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
    64. ^ "TACURONG CITY PROFILE". Tacuring City | City of Goodwill. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
    65. ^ Citations on Sandiganbayan decision on the Marcoses:
    66. ^ "30 years of news reportage". Manila Standard. February 10, 2017. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
    67. ^ a b c "Timeline of the Estrada Crisis". Associated Press via Fox News. March 7, 2001. Retrieved July 27, 2019.
    68. ^ —"Power breakdown hits Luzon, Metro Manila Due to tripping of NPC lines" Greenspun.com. 10-21-2000.
      —"Napocor: Full power restored" Philstar.com. 10-22-2000.
      —Dow Jones Newswires (October 20, 2000). "Massive Power Failure Strikes Main Philippine Island of Luzon". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
      All were retrieved 03-17-2022.
    69. ^ —Marfil, Martin; Yamsuan, Cathy (November 14, 2000). "Impeached." Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. A1, A14. (Link) Retrieved July 20, 2019.
      —Esteria, Primo (November 13, 2011). "Today in Philippine History, November 13, 2000". The Kahimyang Project. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
      —Diaz, Jess (November 14, 2000). "Estrada impeached". PhilStar. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
      —Fuller, Thomas (November 14, 2000). "The Impeachment of Estrada: Day of Political Tumult in Manila". The New York Times. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
    70. ^ For the beginning of the impeachment trial:
      —Javellana, Juliet (December 7, 2000). "Estrada trial starts" Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. A1, A21. (Link) Retrieved July 20, 2019.
      —Marfil, Martin (December 8, 2000). "'This country cannot be run buy a thief' (Impeach trial Day 1)" Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. A1, A18. (Link) Retrieved July 20, 2019.
      —"Dismiss plea junked by Senate impeach court" PHNO. Nov 28, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
      For general details:
      —"Fast Facts: Estrada Impeachment Trial". Inquirer.net. January 6, 2012. Retrieved July 27, 2019.
    71. ^ —"History of Science City of Muñoz". Science City of Muñoz. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
      —"This Week's Milestones" (From 12-03-2017 to 12-09-2017) Inquirer.net. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
    72. ^ —"Surigao Christian sect leadership war: 11 dead" PHNO. Dec 15, 2000. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022.
      —"Filipino cultists hacked to death" BBC News. 12-15-2000. Retrieved 02-28-2022.
    73. ^ Philippine Daily Inquirer (12-16-2000) Retrieved 02-01-2024 — via Google News Archive.
      • Michael Lim Ubac. "NBI chief dies of kidney failure". pages A1, A20.
      • "11 cultists die in machete war". Associated Press; Agence France-Presse. page 2.
    74. ^ "HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT". LGU Sorsogon City. Archived from the original on February 13, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
    75. ^ "Davao bus falls into ravine, 45 dead" PHNO. Dec 26, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
    76. ^ —"Bombs at Manila airport, mall,bus, train; 11 dead" PHNO. Dec 30, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
      —"Bloody Saturday" (Dec. 31, 2000) Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. A1, A14. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
    77. ^ —"Rizal Day bombing chronology" GMA News. Jan. 23, 2009.
      —"Life terms for MILF Rizal Day bombers" Philstar.com. Jan. 24, 2009.

      All were retrieved June 17, 2022.
    78. ^ "City History". City of Balanga. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
    79. ^ "This Week's Milestones" (From 12-25-2016 to 12-31-2016) Inquirer.net. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
    80. ^ "Executive Order No. 292 [BOOK I/Chapter 7-Regular Holidays and Nationwide Special Days]". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. July 25, 1987. Archived from the original on September 3, 2017. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
    81. ^ Philippine Daily Inquirer (03-06-2000) Retrieved 02-03-2024 — via Google News Archive.
      • Pia Lee–Brago. "Pope honors Filipino, 43 other martyrs". pages A1, A20.
      • Dennis Eroa. "Negros bags Palaro title". page B24.
    82. ^ "Bianca Umali". gmanetwork.com. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
    83. ^ Historical Calendar (1970–2000). Manila: National Historical Institute. 2006. ISBN 971-538-180-4.
    84. ^ Philippine Daily Inquirer (03-21-2000) Retrieved 02-03-2024 — via Google News Archive.
      • R. Nazareno; C. Gaylican. "Mitra to be buried beside lighthouse". pages A1, A18.
      • PDI Mindanao Bureau; C. Balana. "Abu Sayyaf rebels seize 2 Basilan schools". Agence France-Presse. page 3.
    85. ^ From Philippine Headline News Online:
    86. ^ "Navotas mayor dies of cancer" PHNO. May 13, 2000. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022.
    87. ^ "Bacolod massacre sad end of year in Visayas" (01-05-2001) Philippine Daily Inquirer, p. A17. Retrieved on 02-24-2022.
    88. ^ C Gomez; N. Lujan; C. Arzadon (May 17, 2000). "Marcos man Benedicto dies". Philippine Daily Inquirer. p. A2. Retrieved February 1, 2024 – via Google News Archive.
    89. ^ "Sarah Jane, PWA, dead at 25" Archived September 1, 2020, at the Wayback Machine PHNO. December 6, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
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