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    65th Academy Awards

    From Wikipedia - Reading time: 18 min

    65th Academy Awards
    Official poster promoting the 65th Academy Awards in 1993.
    Official poster
    DateMarch 29, 1993
    SiteDorothy Chandler Pavilion
    Los Angeles, California, U.S.
    Hosted byBilly Crystal
    Produced byGil Cates
    Directed byJeff Margolis
    Highlights
    Best PictureUnforgiven
    Most awardsUnforgiven (4)
    Most nominationsHowards End and Unforgiven (9)
    TV in the United States
    NetworkABC
    Duration3 hours, 33 minutes[1]
    Ratings45.7 million
    31.2% (Nielsen ratings)
    • ← 64th
    • Academy Awards
    • 66th →

    The 65th Academy Awards ceremony, presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored films released in 1992 in the United States and took place on March 29, 1993, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles beginning at 6:00 p.m. PST / 9:00 p.m. EST. During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards (commonly referred to as Oscars) in 23 categories. The ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Jeff Margolis.[2][3] Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the fourth consecutive year.[4] In related events, during a ceremony held at the Century Plaza Hotel in Los Angeles on March 6, the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Sharon Stone.[5]

    Unforgiven won four Oscars, including Best Picture.[6] Other winners included Bram Stoker's Dracula and Howards End with three awards, Aladdin with two, and The Crying Game, Death Becomes Her, Educating Peter, Indochine, The Last of the Mohicans, Mona Lisa Descending a Staircase, My Cousin Vinny, Omnibus, The Panama Deception, A River Runs Through It, and Scent of a Woman with one. The telecast garnered 45.7 million viewers in the United States.[7] As of the 96th Academy Awards, held in March 2024, this was the last to not feature an "In memoriam" section of the show.

    Winners and nominees

    [edit]

    The nominees for the 65th Academy Awards were announced on February 17, 1993, at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Robert Rehme, president of the academy, and actress Mercedes Ruehl.[A][8] Howards End and Unforgiven led all nominees with nine nominations each.[9]

    The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on March 29, 1993. Best Director winner Clint Eastwood became the seventh person nominated for lead acting and directing for the same film.[10] Best Actor winner Al Pacino was the sixth performer to receive nominations in the lead and supporting categories in the same year.[11] He also became the first person to win in the lead acting category after achieving the aforementioned feat.[12] By virtue of his second straight win in both music categories, Alan Menken became the third person to win two Oscars in two consecutive years.[13]

    Awards

    [edit]
    Clint Eastwood, Best Picture and Best Director winner
    Al Pacino, Best Actor winner
    Emma Thompson, Best Actress winner
    Gene Hackman, Best Supporting Actor winner
    Marisa Tomei, Best Supporting Actress winner
    Neil Jordan, Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen winner
    Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, Best Screenplay Based on Material Previously Produced or Published winner
    Régis Wargnier, Best Foreign Language Film winner
    Alan Menken, Best Original Score winner and Best Original Song co-winner
    Tim Rice, Best Original Song co-winner
    Tom Woodruff Jr., Best Visual Effects co-winner

    Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger (‡).[14]

    Best Picture
    • Unforgiven – Clint Eastwood, producer‡
      • The Crying Game – Stephen Woolley, producer
      • A Few Good Men – David Brown, Rob Reiner and Andrew Scheinman, producers
      • Howards End – Ismail Merchant, producer
      • Scent of a Woman – Martin Brest, producer
    Best Director
    • Clint Eastwood – Unforgiven‡
      • Neil Jordan – The Crying Game
      • James Ivory – Howards End
      • Robert Altman – The Player
      • Martin Brest – Scent of a Woman
    Best Actor
    • Al Pacino – Scent of a Woman as Lieutenant Colonel Frank Slade‡
      • Robert Downey Jr. – Chaplin as Charlie Chaplin
      • Clint Eastwood – Unforgiven as William "Will" Munny
      • Stephen Rea – The Crying Game as Fergus
      • Denzel Washington – Malcolm X as Malcolm X
    Best Actress
    • Emma Thompson – Howards End as Margaret Schlegel‡
      • Catherine Deneuve – Indochine as Éliane Devries
      • Mary McDonnell – Passion Fish as May-Alice Culhane
      • Michelle Pfeiffer – Love Field as Lurene Hallett
      • Susan Sarandon – Lorenzo's Oil as Michaela Odone
    Best Supporting Actor
    • Gene Hackman – Unforgiven as Little Bill Daggett‡
      • Jaye Davidson – The Crying Game as Dil
      • Jack Nicholson – A Few Good Men as Colonel Nathan R. Jessup
      • Al Pacino – Glengarry Glen Ross as Ricky Roma
      • David Paymer – Mr. Saturday Night as Stan Young
    Best Supporting Actress
    • Marisa Tomei – My Cousin Vinny as Mona Lisa Vito‡
      • Judy Davis – Husbands and Wives as Sally Wainwright
      • Joan Plowright – Enchanted April as Mrs. Fisher
      • Vanessa Redgrave – Howards End as Ruth Wilcox
      • Miranda Richardson – Damage as Ingrid Fleming
    Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen
    • The Crying Game – Neil Jordan‡
      • Husbands and Wives – Woody Allen
      • Lorenzo's Oil – George Miller and Nick Enright
      • Passion Fish – John Sayles
      • Unforgiven – David Webb Peoples
    Best Screenplay Based on Material Previously Produced or Published
    • Howards End – Ruth Prawer Jhabvala based on the novel by E.M. Forster‡
      • Enchanted April – Peter Barnes based on the novel by Elizabeth von Arnim
      • The Player – Michael Tolkin based on his novel
      • A River Runs Through It – Richard Friedenberg based upon the story by Norman Maclean
      • Scent of a Woman – Bo Goldman based on the previous film Profumo di donna by Ruggero Maccari and Dino Risi and the novel Il Buio E Il Miele by Giovanni Arpino
    Best Foreign Language Film
    • Indochine (France) in French – Régis Wargnier, director‡
      • Close to Eden (Russia) in Russian – Nikita Mikhalkov, director
      • Daens (Belgium) in Dutch – Stijn Coninx, director
      • Schtonk! (Germany) in German – Helmut Dietl, director
    Best Documentary Feature
    • The Panama Deception – Barbara Trent and David Kasper‡
      • Changing Our Minds: The Story of Dr. Evelyn Hooker – David Haugland
      • Fires of Kuwait – Sally Dundas
      • The Liberators: Fighting on Two Fronts in World War II – Bill Miles and Nina Rosenblum
      • Music for the Movies: Bernard Herrmann – Margaret Smilow and Roma Baran
    Best Documentary Short Subject
    • Educating Peter – Thomas C. Goodwin (posthumous award) and Gerardine Wurzburg‡
      • At the Edge of Conquest: The Journey of Chief Wai-Wai – Geoffrey O'Connor
      • Beyond Imagining: Margaret Anderson and the 'Little Review' – Wendy L. Weinberg
      • The Colours of My Father: A Portrait of Sam Borenstein – Richard Elson and Sally Bochner
      • When Abortion Was Illegal: Untold Stories – Dorothy Fadiman
    Best Live Action Short Film
    • Omnibus – Sam Karmann‡
      • Contact – Jonathan Darby and Jana Sue Memel
      • Cruise Control – Matt Palmieri
      • The Lady in Waiting – Christian M. Taylor
      • Swan Song – Kenneth Branagh and David Parfitt
    Best Animated Short Film
    • Mona Lisa Descending a Staircase – Joan C. Gratz‡
      • Adam – Peter Lord
      • Reci, reci, reci – Michaela Pavlátová
      • The Sandman – Paul Berry
      • Screen Play – Barry Purves
    Best Original Score
    • Aladdin – Alan Menken‡
      • Basic Instinct – Jerry Goldsmith
      • Chaplin – John Barry
      • Howards End – Richard Robbins
      • A River Runs Through It – Mark Isham
    Best Original Song
    • "A Whole New World" from Aladdin – Music by Alan Menken; Lyrics by Tim Rice‡
      • "Friend Like Me" from Aladdin – Music by Alan Menken; Lyrics by Howard Ashman (posthumous nomination)
      • "I Have Nothing" from The Bodyguard – Music by David Foster; Lyrics by Linda Thompson
      • "Run to You" from The Bodyguard – Music by Jud Friedman; Lyrics by Allan Rich
      • "Beautiful Maria of My Soul" from The Mambo Kings – Music by Robert Kraft; Lyrics by Arne Glimcher
    Best Sound Effects Editing
    • Bram Stoker's Dracula – David E. Stone and Tom McCarthy‡
      • Aladdin – Mark Mangini
      • Under Siege – John Leveque and Bruce Stambler
    Best Sound
    • The Last of the Mohicans – Chris Jenkins, Doug Hemphill, Mark Smith and Simon Kaye‡
      • Aladdin – Terry Porter, Mel Metcalfe, David J. Hudson and Doc Kane
      • A Few Good Men – Kevin O'Connell, Rick Kline and Robert Eber
      • Under Siege – Donald O. Mitchell, Frank A. Montaño, Rick Hart and Scott D. Smith
      • Unforgiven – Les Fresholtz, Vern Poore, Dick Alexander and Rob Young
    Best Art Direction
    • Howards End – Art Direction: Luciana Arrighi; Set Decoration: Ian Whittaker‡
      • Bram Stoker's Dracula – Art Direction: Thomas E. Sanders; Set Decoration: Garrett Lewis
      • Chaplin – Art Direction: Stuart Craig; Set Decoration: Chris A. Butler
      • Toys – Art Direction: Ferdinando Scarfiotti; Set Decoration: Linda DeScenna
      • Unforgiven – Art Direction: Henry Bumstead; Set Decoration: Janice Blackie-Goodine
    Best Cinematography
    • A River Runs Through It – Philippe Rousselot‡
      • Hoffa – Stephen H. Burum
      • Howards End – Tony Pierce-Roberts
      • The Lover – Robert Fraisse
      • Unforgiven – Jack N. Green
    Best Makeup
    • Bram Stoker's Dracula – Greg Cannom, Michèle Burke and Matthew W. Mungle‡
      • Batman Returns – Ve Neill, Ronnie Specter and Stan Winston
      • Hoffa – Ve Neill, Greg Cannom and John Blake
    Best Costume Design
    • Bram Stoker's Dracula – Eiko Ishioka‡
      • Enchanted April – Sheena Napier
      • Howards End – Jenny Beavan and John Bright
      • Malcolm X – Ruth E. Carter
      • Toys – Albert Wolsky
    Best Film Editing
    • Unforgiven – Joel Cox‡
      • Basic Instinct – Frank J. Urioste
      • The Crying Game – Kant Pan
      • A Few Good Men – Robert Leighton
      • The Player – Geraldine Peroni
    Best Visual Effects
    • Death Becomes Her – Ken Ralston, Doug Chiang, Douglas Smythe and Tom Woodruff Jr.‡
      • Alien³ – Richard Edlund, Alec Gillis, Tom Woodruff Jr. and George Gibbs
      • Batman Returns – Michael L. Fink, Craig Barron, John Bruno and Dennis Skotak
    Academy Honorary Award
    • Federico Fellini — In recognition of his place as one of the screen's master storytellers.[15]
    Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Awards

    The award recognizes individuals whose humanitarian efforts have brought credit to the motion picture industry.[16]

    • Audrey Hepburn[16] (posthumous award)[B]
    • Elizabeth Taylor[17]

    Films with multiple nominations and awards

    [edit]
    Films that received multiple nominations
    Nominations Film
    9 Howards End
    Unforgiven
    6 The Crying Game
    5 Aladdin
    4 Bram Stoker's Dracula
    A Few Good Men
    Scent of a Woman
    3 Chaplin
    Enchanted April
    A River Runs Through It
    The Player
    2 Basic Instinct
    Batman Returns
    The Bodyguard
    Hoffa
    Husbands and Wives
    Indochine
    Lorenzo's Oil
    Malcolm X
    Passion Fish
    Toys
    Under Siege
    Films that received multiple awards
    Awards Film
    4 Unforgiven
    3
    Bram Stoker's Dracula
    Howards End
    2 Aladdin

    Presenters and performers

    [edit]

    The following individuals (in order of appearance) presented awards or performed musical numbers:[18]

    Presenters

    [edit]
    Name(s) Role
    Randy Thomas Announcer for the 65th annual Academy Awards
    Robert Rehme (AMPAS president) Gave opening remarks welcoming guests to the awards ceremony
    Geena Davis Presenter of the "Women in the Movies" Montage
    Jack Palance Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actress
    Anjelica Huston Presenter of the film Unforgiven during the Best Picture segment
    Tim Robbins
    Susan Sarandon    		 Presenters of the award for Best Film Editing
    Mercedes Ruehl Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actor
    Joe Pesci
    Marisa Tomei    		 Presenters of the award for Best Makeup
    Gregory Peck Presenter of the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award to Audrey Hepburn
    Sarah Jessica Parker
    David Paymer    		 Presenters of the award for Best Live Action Short Film
    Snow White Presenter of the award for Best Animated Short Film
    Kathy Bates Presenter of the film A Few Good Men on the Best Picture segment
    Jack Valenti Introducer of presenter Glenn Close
    Glenn Close Presenter of the award for Best Foreign Language Film
    Sharon Stone Presenter of the segment of the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement and the Gordon E. Sawyer Award
    Richard Gere Presenter of the award for Best Art Direction
    Whoopi Goldberg Presenter of the film Howards End on the Best Picture segment
    Andie MacDowell Presenter of the award for Best Visual Effects
    Jon Lovitz Presenter of the award for Best Sound Effects Editing
    Tom Hanks
    Denzel Washington    		 Presenters of the awards for Best Documentary Short Subject and Best Documentary Feature
    Sophia Loren
    Marcello Mastroianni    		 Presenters of the Academy Honorary Award to Federico Fellini
    Raúl Juliá Presenter of the award for Best Original Score
    Anne Bancroft
    Dustin Hoffman    		 Presenters of the awards for Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen and Best Screenplay Based on Material Previously Produced or Published
    Diane Keaton Presenter of the film The Crying Game on the Best Picture segment
    Robert Downey Jr.
    Alfre Woodard    		 Presenters of the award for Best Sound
    Lena Horne
    Quincy Jones    		 Presenters of the award for Best Original Song
    Anthony Hopkins Presenter of the award for Best Actress
    Morgan Freeman
    Gene Hackman    		 Presenters of the award for Best Cinematography
    Catherine Deneuve Presenter of the award Best Costume Design
    Angela Lansbury Presenter of the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award to Elizabeth Taylor
    Jodie Foster Presenter of the award for Best Actor
    Jane Fonda Presenter of the film Scent of a Woman on the Best Picture segment
    Barbra Streisand Presenter of the award for Best Director
    Jack Nicholson Presenter of the award for Best Picture

    Performers

    [edit]
    Name(s) Role Performed
    Bill Conti Musical arranger Orchestral
    Billy Crystal Performer Opening number:
    Scent of a Woman (to the tune of "I'm a Woman" by Peggy Lee),
    Howards End (to the tune of "Hooray for Hollywood" from Hollywood Hotel),
    A Few Good Men (to the tune of "Sound Off!"),
    The Crying Game (to the tune of "(Love Is) The Tender Trap" from The Tender Trap) and
    Unforgiven to the tune of ("Unforgettable" by Nat King Cole)[19]
    Brad Kane
    Lea Salonga    		 Performers "A Whole New World" from Aladdin
    Plácido Domingo
    Sheila E.    		 Performers "Beautiful Maria of My Soul" from The Mambo Kings
    Natalie Cole Performer "I Have Nothing" and
    "Run to You" from The Bodyguard
    Liza Minnelli Performer "Ladies' Day" during the musical tribute to women in the film
    Nell Carter Performer "Friend Like Me" from Aladdin

    Ceremony information

    [edit]
    Photo of Billy Crystal at the 2012 Tribeca Film Festival.
    Billy Crystal hosted the 65th Academy Awards.

    After the success of the previous year's ceremony which won several Emmys and critical acclaim, the academy rehired producer Gil Cates for the fourth consecutive year.[20] In February 1993, actor and comedian Billy Crystal was chosen by Cates as host also for the fourth straight time.[21] Cates justified the decision to hire him saying, "He is a major movie star with a talent for moving the evening's entertainment along."[22] According to an article by Army Archerd published in Variety, Crystal initially declined to host again citing his busy film schedule that included Mr. Saturday Night and City Slickers II: The Legend of Curly's Gold.[23] However, after Cates sent him a funeral wreath with a poem declaring "The show and I are dead without you" followed by a head of a fake dead horse similar to one featured in the film The Godfather, Crystal accepted the role as emcee.[24]

    As with previous ceremonies he produced, Cates centered the show around a theme. Inspired by the Year of the Woman in which a record four women were elected to the United States Senate, Cates christened the 1993 show with the theme "Oscar Celebrates Women and the Movies".[25] In tandem with the theme, AMPAS gathered 67 female Oscar winners of every category for a photo that was later shown at the start of the telecast.[26] Actress and singer Liza Minnelli performed "Ladies' Day", a song written by Fred Ebb and John Kander specifically for the broadcast.[27] Oscar-winning documentarian Lynne Littman assembled a montage highlighting women in film.[28]

    Several other people participated in the production of the ceremony. Bill Conti served as conductor and musical supervisor for the ceremony.[29] Choreographer Debbie Allen supervised the Best Song nominee performances and the "Ladies' Night" musical number.[30] Voice actress Randy Thomas served as announcer of the telecast becoming the first woman to do so.[31]

    Box office performance of nominees

    [edit]
    North American box office gross for Best Picture nominees[32]
    Film Pre-nomination
    (Before Feb. 17)     		Post-nomination
    (Feb. 17-Mar. 29)     		Post-awards
    (After Mar. 29)     		Total
    A Few Good Men $120 million $14.3 million $7.0 million $141.3 million
    The Crying Game $26.6 million $11.2 million $4.6 million $62.3 million
    Howards End $24.4 million $942,668 $36,767 $25.3 million
    Scent of a Woman $34.1 million $18.5 million $10.5 million $63.1 million
    Unforgiven $75.3 million $7.6 million $18.3 million $102 million

    At the time of the nominations announcement on February 17, the combined gross of the five Best Picture nominees at the US box office was $252 million, with an average of $50.4 million per film.[32] A Few Good Men was the highest earner among the Best Picture nominees with $120 million in domestic box office receipts. The film was followed by Unforgiven ($75.2 million), Scent of a Woman ($34.1 million), The Crying Game ($14 million), and finally Howards End ($8.7 million).[32]

    Of the top 50 grossing movies of the year, 38 nominations went to 13 films on the list. Only A Few Good Men (6th), Unforgiven (17th), Malcolm X (30th) and Scent of a Woman (38th) were nominated for directing, acting, screenwriting, or Best Picture.[33] The other top 50 box office hits that earned nominations were Aladdin (1st), Batman Returns (3rd), Basic Instinct (8th), The Bodyguard (9th), Under Siege (12th), Bram Stoker's Dracula (14th), The Last of the Mohicans (16th), Death Becomes Her (22nd), and Alien³ (26th).[33]

    Critical reviews and ratings

    [edit]

    The show received a negative reception from most media publications. Associated Press television critic Frazier Moore lamented that Crystal "seemed incredibly listless". He also questioned the purpose of the "Year of the Woman" theme writing, "The Oscar show itself seemed at odds with its own feminist theme."[34] Robert Bianco from the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette derided Allen's musical production numbers, comparing them to the disastrous opening number at the 61st ceremony held in 1989.[35] Columnist Matt Roush of USA Today complained, "Crystal, in a by-now-familiar performance, has, in four years, taken a plum assignment and, by repetition, reduced it to shtick." He also wrote that, "The song medley is getting old hat," and the "smug references to his flop Mr. Saturday Night were out of an improv amateur night."[36]

    The telecast also received unfavorable reaction from various public feminist figures. In an interview with Los Angeles Daily News author and activist Betty Friedan condemned the "Year of the Woman" theme commenting, "It had no basis in reality. On behalf of women directors, cinematographer, and producers, I resent the travesty of calling that a tribute."[37] Likewise, President of the National Organization for Women's Los Angeles chapter Tammy Bruce chastised ceremony's feminist tribute as "one of the most hypocritical, patronizing things I saw in my whole life."[38] In response, Gil Cates responded towards the criticism of the theme stating, "The theme developed and raised consciousness in a way that I think is positive, not only for the individual in general but for individual women specifically."[37] He also quoted an ancient Chinese proverb later made famous by former U.S. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt saying, "It is better to light one candle than to curse the darkness."[39]

    Despite the adverse reception, the ABC broadcast drew in an average of 45.7 million people over its length, which was a 3% increase from the previous year's ceremony.[7] The show also drew higher Nielsen ratings compared to the previous ceremony with 31.2% of households watching over a 51 share.[40][41] It also drew a higher 18–49 demo rating with a 20.1 rating among viewers in that demographic.[42]

    See also

    [edit]
    • 13th Golden Raspberry Awards
    • 35th Grammy Awards
    • 45th Primetime Emmy Awards
    • 46th British Academy Film Awards
    • 47th Tony Awards
    • 50th Golden Globe Awards
    • List of submissions to the 65th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film

    Notes

    [edit]
    A^ : The Academy revoked the Best Foreign Language Film nomination of Uruguay's A Place in the World after an investigation that determined the film as an Argentine production and therefore violated the Academy's rules which require that there be "substantial filmmaking input from the country that submits the film."[43]
    B^ : Hepburn died on January 20, 1993, shortly after AMPAS announced the honor.[44] Her son Sean accepted the award at the ceremony on her behalf.[45]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 889
    2. ^ Marx, Andy (November 11, 1992). "4th Oscarcast for Cates". Variety. Archived from the original on March 6, 2014. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
    3. ^ Osborne 2013, p. 418
    4. ^ MacMinn, Aleene (February 10, 1993). "Morning Report: Movies". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 12, 2014. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
    5. ^ "Past Scientific & Technical Awards Ceremonies". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on February 13, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
    6. ^ Fox, David J. (March 31, 1993). "'Unforgiven' Top Film; Pacino, Thompson Win : Academy Awards: Eastwood named best director. Oscars for supporting roles go to Hackman and Tomei". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 7, 2014. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
    7. ^ a b Johnson, Greg (March 18, 1999). "Call It the Glamour Bowl". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2013.
    8. ^ Weinraub, Bernard (February 18, 1993). "3 Films Dominate Nominees In Oscar Contest". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 12, 2014. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
    9. ^ Fox, David J. (February 18, 1993). "The 65th Academy Award Nominations: The Declaration of Independents : The nominations: 'Howards End' and 'Unforgiven' get nine apiece, 'The Crying Game' six. Non-studio and maverick filmmakers have a field day". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on November 5, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
    10. ^ Ebert, Roger (February 18, 1993). "Oscars Honor Period Pieces But 'Player,' 'Malcolm X' Passed Over". Chicago Sun-Times. Tim Knight. p. 37.
    11. ^ Rea, Steven (February 18, 1993). "In Line For Oscars "Howards End" And Clint Eastwood's "Unforgiven" Got Nine Academy Award Nominations Each. And Makers Of "The Crying Game" May Get The Last Laugh, With Six Shots At The Statuette". The Philadelphia Inquirer. H.F. Gerry Lenfest. Archived from the original on March 6, 2014. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
    12. ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 1173
    13. ^ Osborne 2013, p. 424
    14. ^ "The 65th Academy Awards (1993) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on November 9, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2011.
    15. ^ Marx, Andy (January 18, 1993). "Acad Award in picture for Fellini". Variety. Archived from the original on March 7, 2014. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
    16. ^ a b MacMinn, Aleene (January 14, 1993). "Morning Report: Movies". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 7, 2014. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
    17. ^ Marx, Andy (January 13, 1993). "Hepburn, Taylor get Hersholt". Variety. Archived from the original on March 7, 2014. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
    18. ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 877
    19. ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 881
    20. ^ "Cates to Repeat As Oscars Producer". San Francisco Chronicle. November 13, 1992. p. C2.
    21. ^ Williams, Jeannie (February 5, 1993). "Bily Crystal, back as Mr. Oscar night". USA Today. p. 2D.
    22. ^ "'Perfect host' appointed". The Globe and Mail. Phillip Crawley. February 6, 1993. p. C6.
    23. ^ Williams, Jeannie (February 18, 1993). "Roping Crystal into Oscar duty". USA Today. p. 2D.
    24. ^ Archerd, Army (February 16, 1993). "Cates 'convinces' Crystal to m.c. Oscars again". Variety. Archived from the original on January 12, 2015. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
    25. ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 872
    26. ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 875
    27. ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 886
    28. ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 880
    29. ^ "Oscar watch". Variety. January 5, 1993. Archived from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
    30. ^ "Oscar Dance Tryouts Sunday". Variety. February 22, 1993. Archived from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
    31. ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 879
    32. ^ a b c "1992 Academy Award Nominations and Winner for Best Picture". Box Office Mojo (Amazon.com). Archived from the original on February 21, 2014. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
    33. ^ a b "1992 Domestic Grosses". Box Office Mojo (Amazon.com). Archived from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
    34. ^ Moore, Frazier (March 30, 1993). "Billy Crystal's Performance Lame". The Daily Gazette. Archived from the original on February 5, 2021. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
    35. ^ Bianco, Robert (March 30, 1993). "Crystal Can't Save Disastrous Oscars Show". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Archived from the original on February 5, 2021. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
    36. ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 892
    37. ^ a b Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 893
    38. ^ Karlak, Pat; Swertlow, Frank. "Hollywood's Hollow Salute Oscars' 'Year of Woman' Patronizing, Many Say". The Plain Dealer. p. 3C.
    39. ^ Osborne 2013, p. 313
    40. ^ Schwed, Mark (March 30, 1993). "Kudocast's Nielsen ratings highest in 10 years". Variety. Archived from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved August 8, 2015.
    41. ^ Carter, Bill (March 27, 1996). "TV Notes;Oscar Numbers Slip". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
    42. ^ "Academy Awards ratings" (PDF). Television Bureau of Advertising. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 27, 2013.
    43. ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 873
    44. ^ Kehr, Dave (January 21, 1993). "Screen Legend Audrey Hepburn, 63". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on May 5, 2014. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
    45. ^ Rickey, Carrie (March 30, 1993). "In Like Clint Oscar's Tribute Was Fitting, Given That Women Garnered A Surprising Share Of Awards. (for Al Pacino, The Magic Even Trickled Down To The Title "Scent Of A Woman".)". The Philadelphia Inquirer. H.F. Gerry Lenfest. Archived from the original on September 14, 2015. Retrieved June 20, 2014.

    Bibliography

    [edit]
    • Osborne, Robert (2013). 85 Years of the Oscar: The Complete History of the Academy Awards. New York, United States: Abbeville Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-7892-1142-2.
    • Wiley, Mason; Bona, Damien (1996). Inside Oscar: The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards (5 ed.). New York, United States: Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-40053-4. OCLC 779680732.
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    Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/65th Academy Awards
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