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  • Malayo-Polynesian languages
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    Celebic languages

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    Celebic
    Geographic
    distribution    		Sulawesi, Indonesia
    Linguistic classificationAustronesian
    • Malayo-Polynesian
      • Celebic
    Proto-languageProto-Celebic
    Subdivisions
    • Tomini–Tolitoli
    • Kaili–Pamona
    • Wotu–Wolio
    • Saluan–Banggai
    • Bungku–Tolaki
    • Muna–Buton
    Language codes
    Glottologcele1242
    Map showing the distribution of the Celebic languages (in dark blue) in Sulawesi alongside other Austronesian languages

    The Celebic languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages spoken on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, formerly called Celebes. Almost all of the languages spoken in the provinces of Central Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi belong to the Celebic group. A few Celebic languages (e.g. Wotu, Bonerate) are located in South Sulawesi province. By number of languages (but not by number of speakers), Celebic is the largest subgroup of Austronesian languages on Sulawesi.

    Subgrouping

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    Internal classification

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    David Mead (2003a:125) classifies the Celebic languages as follows.[1][2]

    • Celebic
      • Tomini–Tolitoli
      • Kaili–Pamona
      • Wotu–Wolio
      • Eastern
        • Saluan–Banggai
        • Southeastern
          • Bungku–Tolaki
          • Muna–Buton

    More recently, Zobel (2020) proposed that Kaili–Pamona and Wotu–Wolio form a Kaili–Wolio group, which Zobel places as a primary subgroup of Celebic. Furthermore, in Zobel's (2020) classification, Kaili–Wolio is placed as a sister to group to Tominic–Eastern Celebic, which contains Mead's (2003) Tomini–Tolitoli and Eastern Celebic groups.[3]

    Position within Austronesian

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    At the current state of research, the Celebic languages are considered to make up a primary branch of the Malayo-Polynesian subgroup within the Austronesian language family.[4]

    Proto-Celebic

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    Proto-Celebic
    Reconstruction ofCelebic languages
    RegionSulawesi
    Reconstructed
    ancestors
    Proto-Austronesian
    • Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
    Lower-order reconstructions
    • Proto-Muna-Buton
    • Proto-Bungku-Tolaki

    David Mead (2003a:125) lists the following sound changes for Proto-Celebic and its subgroups.[1]

    1. Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Celebic
      • *C1C2 > *C2 (C1 not nasal)
      • *h > Ø
      • *d > *r
      • *ay, *-ey > *e
      • *-aw, *-ew > *o
      • *j > *y, Ø
    2. Proto-Celebic to Proto-Eastern Celebic
      • *e (schwa) > *o
      • *-iq > *eq
      • antepenultimate *a > *o
    3. Proto-Eastern Celebic to Proto-Saluan–Banggai
      • *-awa- > *oa
      • *-b, *-g > *p, *k
      • *q > *ʔ
    4. Proto-Eastern Celebic to Proto-Southeastern Celebic
      • *-w- > Ø
      • *s > *s, *h
      • *Z > *s
      • *ñ > n
      • *b > *b, *w
    5. Proto-Southeastern Celebic to Proto-Bungku–Tolaki
      • *q > *ʔ
      • *w- > *h
      • *ʀ > Ø initially and contiguous to *i
    6. Proto-Southeastern Celebic to Proto-Muna–Buton
      • *w > Ø
      • final consonant loss (?)

    See also

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    • Languages of Sulawesi
    • South Sulawesi languages

    References

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    1. ^ a b Mead, David (2003a). "Evidence for a Celebic supergroup" (PDF). In Lynch, John (ed.). Issues in Austronesian historical phonology. Pacific Linguistics 550. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. pp. 115–141.
    2. ^ Mead, David (2003b). "The Saluan-Banggai microgroup of eastern Sulawesi" (PDF). In Lynch, John (ed.). Issues in Austronesian historical phonology. Pacific Linguistics 550. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. pp. 65–86.
    3. ^ Zobel, Erik (2020). "The Kaili–Wolio Branch of the Celebic Languages". Oceanic Linguistics. 59 (1/2). University of Hawai'i Press: 297–346. doi:10.1353/ol.2020.0014.
    4. ^ Smith, Alexander D. (2017). "The Western Malayo-Polynesian Problem". Oceanic Linguistics. 56 (2): 435–490. doi:10.1353/ol.2017.0021.
    [edit]
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    Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celebic languages
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