La (Mongolic)

La
La
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
Mongolian consonants
Mongolian script multigraphs
	Galik alphabet;
	v; t; e;

La is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.^[1]^{: 549–551}

Mongolian language

Letter^[2]^: 13, 17^[3]^: 546^[4]^{: 212, 214}
l	Transliteration^{[note 1]}
(ᠯ‍)	Initial^{[note 2]}
‍ᠯ‍	Medial (syllable-initial)
‍ᠯ‍	Medial (syllable-final)
‍ᠯ	Final

C-V syllables^[6]^: 8
l‑a, l‑e	la, le	li	lo, lu	lö, lü	Transliteration
—	ᠯᠠ ^{[note 3]}	ᠯᠢ	ᠯᠣ᠋	ᠯᠥ᠋	Alone
	ᠯᠠ‍	ᠯᠢ‍	ᠯᠣ‍	ᠯᠥ‍	Initial
	‍ᠯᠠ‍	‍ᠯᠢ‍	‍ᠯᠣ‍		Medial
‍ᠯ᠎ᠠ^⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩	‍ᠯᠠ	‍ᠯᠢ	‍ᠯᠣ		Final

Separated suffixes^{[note 4]}
‑lu, ‑lü	Transliteration
ᠯᠤ‍	Initial

Transcribes Chakhar /l/;^[10]^[11] Khalkha /ɮ/.^[12]^: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter л.^[6]^[5]
Not occurring word-initially in native words.^[13]^: 10
Forms a ligature with a preceding bow-shaped consonant in loanwords such as ᠪᠯᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ^⟨?⟩ blam-a 'lama' from Tibetan བླ་མ་ Wylie: bla-ma.^[2]^: 15, 32^[14]^: 36
Derived from Old Uyghur hooked resh (𐾁).^[3]^{: 539–540, 545–546}^[15]^{: 111, 113}^[14]^: 35
Produced with L using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.^[16]
In the Mongolian Unicode block, l comes after m and before s.

Clear Script

Xibe language

Manchu language

Notes

^ Scholarly transliteration.^[5]
^ Not found in native Mongolian words.
^ As in the intensifying ⟨ᠯᠠ⟩ / ᠡᠯᠡ la/le / ele (Khalkha: л l) particle, or ᠯᠠ la (Khalkha: лаа(н) laa(n)) 'candle'.^[8]^{: 308, 513}
^ Separated suffixes starting with the letter l include:  ᠯᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ^⟨?⟩/ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ^⟨?⟩ ‑luɣ‑a/‑lüge (comitative).^[9]

References

^ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ ^a ^b Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
^ ^a ^b Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
^ Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.
^ ^a ^b "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
^ ^a ^b Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
^ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
^ Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;^: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.^[7]
^ "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.
^ "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
^ Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
^ ^a ^b Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
^ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[6] Scholarly transliteration.^[5]

[7] Not found in native Mongolian words.

[11] As in the intensifying ⟨ᠯᠠ⟩ / ᠡᠯᠡ la/le / ele (Khalkha: л l) particle, or ᠯᠠ la (Khalkha: лаа(н) laa(n)) 'candle'.^[8]^{: 308, 513}

[13] Separated suffixes starting with the letter l include:  ᠯᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ^⟨?⟩/ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ^⟨?⟩ ‑luɣ‑a/‑lüge (comitative).^[9]

[1] "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Poppe1974-2] Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.

[Daniels1996-3] Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.

[Sanders2015-4] Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.

[EKIMn2006-5] "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.

[Skorodumova2000-8] Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.

[9] "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.

[Lessing1960-10] Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;^: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.^[7]

[12] "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.

[CJVLang2013-14] "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[StudyMn2013-15] "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Svantesson2005-16] Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.

[Grønbech1993-17] Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.

[Janhunen2006-18] Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.

[Clauson2005-19] Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.

[20] wilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

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