This is a list of medical textbooks, manuscripts, and reference works.
Pre-modern texts
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Further information: History of medicine
Ancient Egypt
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Further information: Ancient Egyptian medicine
Plates vi & vii of the Edwin Smith Papyrus at the New York Academy of Medicine
Ramesseum medical papyri (c. 1800 BCE)
Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus (c. 1800 BCE)
London Medical Papyrus (c. 1600 BCE)
Ebers Papyrus (c. 1550 BCE)
Edwin Smith Papyrus (c. 1500 BCE) - Earliest mention of the brain; the pulse; the role of the heart in circulating blood, but not complete circulation.[1] It is the world's oldest surgical textbook,[2] containing descriptions of the zygomatic bone, dura mater, cerebrospinal fluid, and nasal cavity.[2]
Brugsch Papyrus (c. 1200 BCE)
Ancient Greece
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Further information: Ancient Greek medicine
Hippocratic Corpus (c. 400 BCE to 200 CE) - Contains many important medical treatises including the Hippocratic Oath.[3] Compared with the Egyptian papyri, the Hippocratic writings exhibit an improved understanding of brain structure and function. It correctly attributed the primary control of the body's function to the brain.[2]
Galenic corpus (c. 200 BCE)
De Materia Medica (Dioscorides) (c. 50 CE)
Medical Compendium in Seven Books (c. 600 CE)
Ancient China
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Huangdi Neijing (c. 300 BCE) - Most authoritative Chinese source on medical matters for over two millennia.[4] It contributed to the Chinese understanding of anatomy,[5] and it continues to be used as an influential reference work for practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine.[6] The book contains many guidelines and recommendations for the prevention of chronic diseases and micronutrient deficiencies such as beriberi, xerophthalmia, and goitre.[7]
Wushi'er Bingfang (c. 200 BCE)
Shennong Ben Cao Jing (c. 200 CE)
Shanghan Lun (c. 220 CE)
Liu Juanzi Guiyi Fang (C. 499 CE)
Compendium of Materia Medica (c. 1578 CE)
Ancient India
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Kashyapa Samhita (6th century BCE)
Sushruta Samhita (c. 300 BCE) - Early description of cataract surgery.[8] The Sushruta Samhita emphasizes the importance of anatomical structure and function,[9] and it contains the earliest written description of the pedicled flaps.[10] It was translated into Arabic during the latter part of the 8th century.[9]
Charaka Samhita (c. 300-500 CE) - One of the fundamental texts of Ayurveda medicine, it was translated into Chinese, Arabic, and Tibetan languages.[14]
Roman Empire
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De medicina
Islamic Golden Age
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Further information: Medicine in the medieval Islamic world
A translated copy of the Canon of Medicine in Latin (1484)
Kitab al-Taṣrif (c. 1000) - Surgical encyclopedia.[15]
Book of Optics (c. 1000) - Exerted great influence on Western science.[16] It was translated into Latin and it was used until the early 17th century.[17] The German physician Hermann von Helmholtz reproduced several theories of visual perception that were found in the first Book of Optics, which he cited and copied from.[18]
The Canon of Medicine (c. 1000) - Described by Sir William Osler as a "medical bible" and "the most famous medical textbook ever written".[19]The Canon of Medicine introduced the concept of a syndrome as an aid to diagnosis, and it laid out an essential framework for a clinical trial.[20] It was translated into Latin by Gerard de Sabloneta and it was used extensively in European medical schools.[20][21] It also became the most authoritative text on anatomy until the 16th century.[22]
Commentary on Anatomy in Avicenna's Canon (c. 1200): First description of the pulmonary circulation system,[23] and the first description of the presence and function of coronary circulation.[24]
Medieval Europe
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Further information: Medieval medicine of Western Europe
Medieval miniature depicting Henri de Mondeville, from an illuminated manuscript of La Chirurgie (14th century)[25]
Compendium Medicinæ ("Compendium of Medicine") (c. 1230-1250)[26][27][28]
Thesaurus Pauperum ("Treasury of The Poor") (c. 1270)[29][30]
Rosa Anglica ("The English Rose") (1304-1317)[28][31][32]
Stockholm, Royal Library, manuscript X. 90 (early fifteenth-century). A significant and compendious collection of Middle English medical recipes, charms, and treatises.
Textbook of Pain - Most comprehensive scientific reference text on pain.[58] The textbook's founding editors were Patrick David Wall and Ronald Melzack, who jointly introduced the gate control theory into the field of pain research.[58]
^Loukas, Marios; Ferrauiola, Julie; Shoja, Mohammadali M.; Tubbs, R. Shane; Cohen-Gadol, Aaron A. (2010). "Anatomy in ancient China: The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon of Medicine and Wang Qingren's Correcting the Errors in the Forest of Medicine". Clinical Anatomy. 23 (4): 364–369. doi:10.1002/ca.20979. S2CID 72564028.
^Hesketh, T.; Zhu, W. X. (12 July 1997). Godlee, Fiona (ed.). "Health in China: Traditional Chinese medicine: one country, two systems". BMJ. 315 (7100). London: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd: 115–117. doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7100.115. PMC 2127090. PMID 9240055. S2CID 21239655. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021. Over thousands of years traditional Chinese medicine has developed a theoretical and practical approach to the treatment and prevention of disease. The first documented sources of Chinese medical theory, the Huangdi Nei Jing ("Inner Classic of the Yellow Emperor") was written between 300 BC and 100 BC. It describes the diagnosis and treatment of a huge range of disorders and gives advice about healthy lifestyles, exercise, and diet which conforms remarkably well with current recommendations for the prevention of chronic disease. There is also accurate dietary advice about how to avoid micronutrient deficiency diseases such as beri-beri, xerophthalmia, and goitre.
^Ang, Gina C. (2005). "History of skin transplantation". Clinics in Dermatology. 23 (4): 320–324. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.07.013. PMID 16023925. The first written description of the pedicle flap is found in the Sushruta Samhita (ca 600 bce)
^L. Sander (1987), Origin and date of the Bower Manuscript, a new approach, in: M Yaldiz and W Lobo (eds.): Investigating the Indian Arts, Museum für Indische Kunst, Berlin, pp. 313–323
^A.F. Rudolf Hoernle (1891), Remarks on Birch Bark MS, Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 1891, Baptist Mission Press, Calcutta, pages 62–64
^Ganz, Scott D. (2013). "Surgical Complications in Oral Implantology". Implant Dentistry. 22 (2): 110–111. doi:10.1097/ID.0b013e3182886100. One of the pioneers in all fields of surgery, Al-Zahrawi published the first surgical encyclopedia, Kitab Al Tasrif (The Method of Medicine)
^Rutka, James T. (2011). "Discovering neurosurgery: new frontiers". Journal of Neurosurgery. 115 (6): 1053–1066. doi:10.3171/2011.9.JNS111038. PMID 22132699. Alhazen's Book of Optics exerted great influence on Western science.
^Haglund, Richard F. (2011). "The Properties of Light". In Träger, Frank (ed.). Springer Handbook of Lasers and Optics (2nd (n.d. ed.) ed.). Berlin: Springer Science+Business Media. p. 4. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-19409-2_1. ISBN 978-3-642-19408-5.
^Getz, Faye Marie (1992). "The Pharmaceutical Writings of Gilbertus Anglicus". Pharmacy in History. 34 (1). American Institute of the History of Pharmacy: 17–25. JSTOR 41111419. PMID 11612636. S2CID 19595092.
^ abPearn, John (April 2013). Gardner-Thorpe, Christopher (ed.). "Two medieval doctors: Gilbertus Anglicus (c1180–c1250) and John of Gaddesden (1280–1361)". Journal of Medical Biography. 21 (1). SAGE Publications on behalf of the Royal Society of Medicine: 3–7. doi:10.1258/jmb.2011.011024. eISSN 1758-1087. ISSN 0967-7720. LCCN 96656201. OCLC 488592086. PMID 23610221. S2CID 8606137.
^Ambrose, Charles T. (May 2013). Gardner-Thorpe, Christopher (ed.). "Medicus Petrus Hispanus (cl205-77 Peter of Spain): a XIII century Pope and Author of a Medieval Sex Guide". Journal of Medical Biography. 21 (2). SAGE Publications on behalf of the Royal Society of Medicine: 85–94. doi:10.1258/jmb.2011.011042. eISSN 1758-1087. ISSN 0967-7720. LCCN 96656201. OCLC 488592086. PMID 24585747. S2CID 37962852.
^"Rosa Anglica". www.bl.uk. London: British Library. 2021. Archived from the original on 31 May 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
^Sadler, T. W. (6 September 2018). Langman's Medical Embryology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9781496383921. Archived from the original on 27 April 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
^Purves, Dale; Augustine, George; Fitzpatrick, David; Hall, William C.; LaMantia, Anthony; Mooney, Richard; White, Leonard E. (4 July 2018). Neuroscience. Sinauer. ISBN 978-1-60535-380-7.
^Ritter, James M.; Flower, Rod J.; Henderson, Graeme; Loke, Yoon Kong; MacEwan, David; Rang, Humphrey P. (4 November 2018). Rang & Dale's Pharmacology. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-7020-7446-2.
^Koeppen, Bruce M.; Stanton, Bruce A.; Hall, Julianne M.; Swiatecka-Urban, Agnieszka (28 March 2023). Berne & Levy Physiology. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-323-84790-2.
^Barker, Jonathan; Bleiker, Tanya O.; Chalmers, Robert; Griffiths, Christopher E. M.; Creamer, Daniel (29 February 2016). Rook's Textbook of Dermatology. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118441176. Archived from the original on 27 April 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
^Stephan Stapczynski, J.; John Ma, O.; Tintinalli, Judith E.; Yealy, Donald; Cline, David M.; Meckler, Garth D.; Thomas, Stephen H. (18 October 2019). Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 9th edition. McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 9781260019933. Archived from the original on 27 April 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
^Fuster, Valentin; Narula, Jagat; Vaishnava, Prashant; Leon, Martin B.; Callans, David J.; Rumsfeld, John S.; Poppas, Athena (29 April 2022). Fuster and Hurst's The Heart, 15th Edition. McGraw Hill Professional. ISBN 978-1-264-25757-7.
^Melmed, Shlomo; Polonsky, Kenneth S.; Larsen, P. Reed; Kronenberg, Henry M. (11 November 2015). Williams Textbook of Endocrinology E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-323-34157-8.
^Yamada, Tadataka; Alpers, David H.; Kalloo, Anthony N.; Kaplowitz, Neil; Owyang, Chung; Powell, Don W. (13 October 2011). Textbook of Gastroenterology. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4443-5941-1.
^Kaushansky, Kenneth; Lichtman, Marshall A.; Prchal, Josef T.; Levi, Marcel M.; Burns, Linda J. (14 January 2021). Williams Hematology, 10th Edition. McGraw Hill Professional. ISBN 978-1-260-46413-9.
^Taal, Maarten W.; Chertow, Glenn M.; Marsden, Philip A.; Skorecki, Karl; Yu, Alan S. L.; Brenner, Barry M. (1 November 2011). Brenner and Rector's The Kidney E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-1-4557-2304-1.
^Firestein, Gary S.; Budd, Ralph C.; Gabriel, Sherine E.; McInnes, Iain B.; O'Dell, James R. (31 August 2012). Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-1-4557-3767-3.
^Hochberg, Marc C.; Gravallese, Ellen M.; Silman, Alan J.; Smolen, Josef S.; Weinblatt, Michael E.; Weisman, Michael H. (2019). Rheumatology. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-7020-7307-6.
^Louis, Elan D.; Mayer, Stephan A.; Rowland, Lewis P. (September 2015). Merritt's Neurology. Wolters Kluwer. ISBN 978-1-4511-9336-7.
^Dashe, Jodi S.; Bloom, Steven L.; Spong, Catherine Y.; Hoffman, Barbara L. (June 2018). Williams Obstetrics, 25th Edition. ISBN 9781259644337. Archived from the original on 2024-04-27. Retrieved 2022-03-25.
^Schaffer, Joseph I.; Hoffman, Barbara L.; Bradshaw, Karen D.; Halvorson, Lisa M.; Corton, Marlene M.; Schorge, John O. (24 April 2020). Williams Gynecology, Fourth Edition. ISBN 9781260456868. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
^Berek, Deborah L.; Berek, Jonathan S. (April 2019). Berek & Novak's Gynecology. ISBN 9781496380333. Archived from the original on 2024-04-27. Retrieved 2022-03-25.
^Handa, Victoria Lynn; Le, Linda Van (2019). Te Linde's Operative Gynecology. ISBN 9781496386441. Archived from the original on 2024-04-27. Retrieved 2022-03-25.
^Yanoff, Myron; Duker, Jay S. (1 January 2009). Ophthalmology. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-323-04332-8.
^Kliegman, Robert M.; Stanton, Bonita F.; Geme, Joseph St; Schor, Nina F. (17 April 2015). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-323-26352-8.
^Kline, Mark W.; Blaney, Susan M.; Giardino, Angelo P.; Orange, Jordan S.; Penny, Daniel J.; Schutze, Gordon E.; Shekerdemian, Lara S.; Rudolph, Abraham M.; Rudolph, Colin D. (21 August 2018). Rudolph's Pediatrics, 23rd Edition. McGraw Hill Professional. ISBN 978-1-259-58860-0.
^Mills, Stacey E.; Carter, Darryl; Greenson, Joel K.; Reuter, Victor E.; Stoler, Mark H. (3 February 2012). Sternberg's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-1-4511-5289-0.