List of wars involving South Sudan

This is a list of wars involving the Republic of South Sudan.

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results	President of South Sudan
First Sudanese Civil War (1955–1972)	SDF mutineers, bandits, and unaffiliated separatist militias ALF (1965–1970) Anyanya (from 1963)[1] Israel (from 1969)[2][3][4] Supported by: Ethiopia[5][6] Uganda (from about 1970)[5][3] Congo-Léopoldville[7] Kenya[5] France[8]	Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1955–1956) Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969) Democratic Republic of the Sudan (1969–1972) Combat support: Uganda (Joint operations on Ugandan territory, 1965–1969)[9] Libyan Arab Republic (From 1969 and combat involvement at least in 1970)[10] Non-combat support: United Arab Republic[10][11] Soviet Union[12][11] United Kingdom[11][13] China[11][13] Yugoslavia[11][13] East Germany[11][13] Czechoslovakia[13] Saudi Arabia[13] Kingdom of Libya (until 1969)[13] Algeria[13] United States[14] West Germany[14]	Stalemate[15] Addis Ababa Agreement Establishment of the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region with various defined powers	None
Second Sudanese Civil War (1983–2005)	SPLA SPLA-Mainstream[16] SPLA-Agar SPDF ALF Titweng[17] SSLM NDA Sudanese Alliance Forces[18] Anyanya II Eastern Coalition Derg (until 1987)[19] PDR Ethiopia (1987–1991)[19] FDR Ethiopia (1995–1998)[20] Eritrea (1996–1998, 2002–2005)[21] Uganda (from 1993)[22][23] Non-combat aid: Libya (1983–1985)[24][25] Israel[26] Cuba (until 1991)[27]	Sudan Armed Forces PDF Army of Peace Muraheleen Ex-FAR and Interahamwe[28] SSDF SPLA dissidents SPLA-Nasir SPLA-United[16] SSIM/A Nuer White Army Ugandan insurgents: LRA[29] WNBF[30] UNRF (II)[30] Zaire (1994–1997)[31][32] al-Qaeda (1991–1996)[33][20][irrelevant citation] Iraq[a] China[b] Combat aid: Libya (1986–1991)[37][38] DR Congo (1998–2003) Non-combat aid: Iran[39] Belarus (from 1996)[40][41]	Stalemate[42] Comprehensive Peace Agreement Eastern Sudan Peace Agreement Independence of the Republic of South Sudan following a 2011 referendum Unresolved issues result in the Sudan–SPLM-N conflict, and the South Sudanese Civil War
Disarmament of the Lou Nuer (2005–2006)	Southern Sudan SPLA	Lou Nuer White Army SSDF forces of Thomas Maboir SSDF forces of Simon Gatwitch Supported by: Sudan	SPLA victory Nuer White Army disarmed	Salva Kiir
George Athor's rebellion (2010–2011)	South Sudan (Southern Sudan Autonomous Region until July 2011)	South Sudan Democratic Movement (SSDM) Gabriel Tanginye's militia Supported by: Sudan Eritrea (alleged) EUPF (alleged)	South Sudanese government victory Death of George Athor Many rebel areas retaken by government forces Athor's forces largely surrender in February 2012
Heglig Crisis (2012)	South Sudan JEM[43] SPLM-N[43]	Sudan	Sudanese victory South Sudanese withdrawal from Heglig[44] Agreement on borders and natural resources signed on 26 September[45]
South Sudanese Civil War (2013–2020)	South Sudan SPLA Air Force Mathiang Anyoor Maban Defence Force[46] Allied militias: SSLM[47] SRF JEM[c] SPLM-N[52][50] (alleged) SLA-AW[53] SLA-MM[53] EUPF[54] (alleged) State allies: Uganda[55] Egypt[56] (alleged)	UNMISS[57] Regional Protection Force[58] Rwanda Ethiopia SPLM-IO[59] Nuer White Army[60] SSDM Cobra Faction[d] Greater Pibor Forces (since 2015)[62] Agwelek forces[65][66] TFNF[67] SSFDP[68] South Sudan National Army[69][70] NAS Arrow Boys (since Nov. 2015) Wau State insurgents[71] SSOA (until September 2018) SSOMA/NSSSOG (until Jan. 2020) Supported by: Sudan (South Sudanese gov. claim)[72]	Stalemate Unity government formed Three Special Administrative Areas created Ethnic violence in South Sudan continues

• Bassil, Noah (2013). The Post-Colonial State and Civil War in Sudan: The Origins of Conflict in Darfur. London; New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1780760858.
• Connell, Dan (August 1998). "Sudan: Global Trade, Local Impact. Arms Transfers to all Sides in the Civil War in Sudan" (PDF). Human Rights Watch. 10 (4 (A)).
• Craze, Joshua; Tubiana, Jérôme; Gramizzi, Claudio (2016). Emile LeBrun (ed.). "A State of Disunity: Conflict Dynamics in Unity State, South Sudan, 2013–15" (PDF). HSBA Working Paper (42). Geneva: Small Arms Survey. ISBN 978-2-940548-32-3.
• DeRouen, Karl R.; Heo, Uk (2007). Civil wars of the world: major conflicts since World War II. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO.
• de Waal, Alex (April 2007). "Sudan: international dimensions to the state and its crisis" (PDF). Occasional Papers (Crisis States Research Centre) (2). ISSN 1753-3082.
• Khalid, Mansour (2010) [1st pub. 2003]. War & Peace in the Sudan. London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7103-0663-0.
• LeRiche, Matthew; Arnold, Matthew (2013). South Sudan: From Revolution to Independence. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-933340-0.
• Leopold, Mark (2001). "'Trying to Hold Things Together?' International NGOs caught up in an Emergency in North-Western Uganda, 1996–97". In Ondine Barrow; Michael Jennings (eds.). The Charitable Impulse: NGOs & Development in East & North-East Africa. Oxford, Bloomfield: James Curry Ltd; Kumarian Press. pp. 94–108. ISBN 9781565491373.
• Martell, Peter (2018). First Raise a Flag. London: Hurst & Company. ISBN 978-1849049597.
• O'Ballance, Edgar (1977). The Secret War in the Sudan: 1955–1972. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-10768-0.
• Plaut, Martin (2016). Understanding Eritrea: Inside Africa's Most Repressive State. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-066959-1.
• Poggo, Scopas (2009). The First Sudanese Civil War Africans, Arabs, And Israelis In The Southern Sudan, 1955-1972. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9780230607965.
• Prunier, Gérard (July 2004). "Rebel Movements and Proxy Warfare: Uganda, Sudan and the Congo (1986-99)". African Affairs. 103 (412): 359–383. doi:10.1093/afraf/adh050. JSTOR 3518562.
• Prunier, Gérard (2009). Africa's World War: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-970583-2.
• "Timeline of Recent Intra-Southern Conflict" (PDF). Geneva: Small Arms Survey. 27 June 2014. Archived from the original on 14 October 2014.
• Vuylsteke, Sarah (December 2018). "Identity and Self-determination: The Fertit Opposition in South Sudan" (PDF). HSBA Briefing Paper. Geneva: Small Arms Survey.

First Sudanese Civil War:

• Assefa, Hizkias. 1987. Mediation of Civil Wars, Approaches and Strategies – The Sudan Conflict. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
• Eprile, Cecil. War and Peace in the Sudan, 1955 – 1972. David and Charles, London. 1974. ISBN 0-7153-6221-6.
• Johnson, Douglas H. 1979. "Book Review: The Secret War in the Sudan: 1955–1972 by Edgar O'Ballance". African Affairs 78 (310):132–7.
• O'Ballance, Edgar. 1977. The Secret War in the Sudan: 1955–1972. Hamden, Connecticut: Archon Books. (Faber and Faber edition ISBN 0-571-10768-0).
• Poggo, Scopas Sekwat. 1999. War and Conflict in Southern Sudan, 1955–1972. PhD Dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara.

Second Sudanese Civil War:

• Background Q & A: The Darfur Crisis, Esther Pan, Council on Foreign Relations, cfr.org
• Price of Peace in Africa: Agreement in Sudan Between Government and Rebel
• Photojournalist's Account – Displacement of Sudan's second civil war
• In pictures: Sudan trek – of returning refugees after the war, BBC, 14 June 2005
• With Peace, Sudan Faces Hard Choices, Washington Post, 28 July 2005
• The Nuba Mountains Homepage
• Bishop calls for Churchwide day of prayer and fasting for an end to Sudan violence on 26 June 2011 – leading up to the 9 July expected day of new independence for the Southern Sudan.