Categories
  • Web browsers
  • Lists of software
    •   Encyclosphere.org ENCYCLOREADER
      supported by EncyclosphereKSF

    List of web browsers

    From Wikipedia - Reading time: 13 min
    As of June 2025

    Timeline representing the history of various web browsers

    The following is a list of notable web browsers.

    Historical

    [edit]
    See also: History of the web browser
    Usage share of web browsers according to StatCounter till 2019-05. See HTML5 beginnings, Presto rendering engine deprecation and Chrome's dominance.

    This is a table of personal computer web browsers by year of release of major version. The increased growth of the Internet in the 1990s and 2000s means that current browsers with small market shares have more total users than the entire market early on. For example, 90% market share in 1997 would be roughly 60 million users, but by the start of 2007 9% market share would equate to over 90 million users.[1]

    Year Web browsers
    1990 WorldWideWeb (Nexus)
    1991 Line Mode Browser
    1992 Erwise, MacWWW (Samba), MidasWWW, ViolaWWW
    1993 AMosaic 1.0, Arena, Cello,[2] Lynx 2.0, Mosaic
    1994 Agora (Argo), IBM WebExplorer, IBrowse, MacWeb, Minuet, Netscape Navigator, SlipKnot 1.0
    1995 Grail, Internet Explorer 1, Internet Explorer 2, Netscape Navigator 2.0, OmniWeb, UdiWWW[3]
    1996 Amaya 0.9,[4] Arachne 1.0, AWeb, Cyberdog, Internet Explorer 3.0, MSN Program Viewer 2.0, Netscape Navigator 3.0, Opera 2.0, PowerBrowser 1.5,[5] Voyager
    1997 Amaya 1.0, [4] Internet Explorer 4.0, MSN Program Viewer 2.5, Netscape Navigator 4.0, Netscape Communicator 4.0, Opera 3.0[6]
    1998 iCab, Mozilla
    1999 Amaya 2.0,[4] Mozilla M3, Internet Explorer 5.0
    2000 Amaya 3.0[4], Amaya 4.0,[4] K-Meleon 0.2, Konqueror, Netscape 6, Opera 4,[7] Opera 5[8]
    2001 Amaya 5.0,[4] Internet Explorer 6, MSN Explorer 6.0, Galeon 1.0, Opera 6[9]
    2002 Amaya 6.0,[4] Amaya 7.0,[4]Phoenix 0.1, Netscape 7, Mozilla 1.0, Links 2.0
    2003 Amaya 8.0,[4] Epiphany 1.0, Opera 7,[10] Apple Safari 1.0
    2004 Firefox 1.0, Netscape Browser, OmniWeb 5.0
    2005 Amaya 9.0,[4] AOL Explorer 1.0, Epiphany 1.8, Maxthon 1.0, Netscape Browser 8.0, Opera 8,[11] Apple Safari 2.0, Shiira 1.0
    2006 Camino 1.0, Galeon 2.0, iCab 3, K-Meleon 1.0, Mozilla Firefox 2.0, Internet Explorer 7, Opera 9,[12], SeaMonkey 1.0
    2007 Conkeror, Flock 1.0, Apple Safari 3.0, Netscape Navigator 9, NetSurf 1.0
    2008 Google Chrome 1, Maxthon 2.0, Mozilla Firefox 3, Opera 9.5,[13], Apple Safari 3.1, Konqueror 4, Amaya 10.0[4], Flock 2, Amaya 11.0[4]
    2009 Google Chrome 2–3, Mozilla Firefox 3.5, Internet Explorer 8, Opera 10,[14], Apple Safari 4, SeaMonkey 2, Camino 2, surf, Pale Moon 3.0[15]
    2010 Google Chrome 4–8, Mozilla Firefox 3.6, Opera 10.50,[16], Opera 11, Apple Safari 5, K-Meleon 1.5.4, xxxterm
    2011 Google Chrome 9–16, Mozilla Firefox 4–9, Internet Explorer 9, Opera 11.50, Apple Safari 5.1, Maxthon 3.0, SeaMonkey 2.1–2.6
    2012 Google Chrome 17–23, Mozilla Firefox 10–17, Internet Explorer 10, Opera 12, Apple Safari 6, Maxthon 4.0, SeaMonkey 2.7–2.14
    2013 Google Chrome 24–31, Mozilla Firefox 18–26, Internet Explorer 11, Opera 15–18, Pale Moon 15.4–24.2.2[17], Apple Safari 7, SeaMonkey 2.15–2.23
    2014 Google Chrome 32–39, Mozilla Firefox 27–34, Opera 19–26, Pale Moon 24.3.0–25.1.0[17], Apple Safari 8, SeaMonkey 2.24–2.30
    2015 Google Chrome 40–47, Microsoft Edge [Legacy], Mozilla Firefox 35–43, Opera 27–34, Pale Moon 25.2.0–25.8.1[17], Vivaldi
    2016 Google Chrome 48–55, Mozilla Firefox 44–50, Microsoft Edge 14, Opera 35–42, Pale Moon 26.0.0–27.0.3, Apple Safari 9–10, SeaMonkey 2.24–2.30
    2017 Google Chrome 56–60, Microsoft Edge 15, Mozilla Firefox 51–55.0.2, Opera 43–45, Opera Neon, Pale Moon 27.1.0–27.6.2, Safari 10–11
    2018 Chrome 64–71, Firefox 58–64, Microsoft Edge 42–44, Opera 50–57, Pale Moon 27.7.0–28.2.2, Safari 11–12, Vivaldi 1.14–2.2
    2019 Chrome 72–79, Firefox 65–71, Microsoft Edge, Opera 58–65, Pale Moon 28.3.0–28.8.0, Safari 12–13, SeaMonkey, Vivaldi 2.2–2.10, Yandex.browser
    2020 Chrome 80–87, Firefox 72–84, Microsoft [New] Edge, Opera 66–73, Pale Moon 28.8.1–28.17.0, Safari 13–14, SeaMonkey, Vivaldi 2.10–3.5, Yandex.browser
    2021 Chrome 88–96, Firefox 85–95, Microsoft Edge 88–96, Opera 74–82, Pale Moon 29.0.0–29.4.3, Safari 15, Vivaldi 3.6–5.0
    2022 Chrome 97–107, Firefox 96–107, Microsoft Edge 97–107, Opera 83–93, Pale Moon 29.4.4-31.4.2, Safari 15.4–16.2, Vivaldi 5.1–5.6
    2023 Chrome 108–120.0.6099.129, Firefox 108–121.0, Microsoft Edge 108–120.0.2210.61, Opera 94–106.0.4998.19, Pale Moon 31.4.3-32.5.2, Safari 16.3–17.2, Vivaldi 5.7–6.5, Arc 1.10-1.21.0
    2024 Chrome 120–Current, Firefox 122–Current, Microsoft Edge 121–Current, Opera 106-Current, Pale Moon 33-Current, Safari 17.3–Current, Vivaldi 6.6-Current, Arc 1.21.1-Current, Ecosia Browser 1.0.0.31–Current

    Layout engines

    [edit]
    • Gecko is developed by the Mozilla Foundation.
      • Goanna is a fork of Gecko developed by Moonchild Productions.
    • Servo is an experimental web browser layout engine being developed cooperatively by Mozilla and Samsung. In 2020 the engine's development was transferred to the Linux Foundation.
    • Presto was developed by Opera Software for use in Opera. Development stopped as Opera transitioned to Blink.
    • Trident is developed by Microsoft for use in the Windows versions of Internet Explorer 4 to Internet Explorer 11.
      • EdgeHTML is the engine developed by Microsoft for Edge [Legacy]. It is a largely rewritten fork of Trident with all legacy code removed.
    • Tasman was developed by Microsoft for use in Internet Explorer 5 for Macintosh.
    • KHTML was developed by the KDE project but has since been discontinued.
      • WebKit is a fork of KHTML by Apple Inc. used in Apple Safari, and formerly in Chromium and Google Chrome.
        • Blink is a 2013 fork of WebKit's WebCore component by Google used in Chromium, Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Opera, and Vivaldi.[18]

    Graphical

    [edit]

    Trident shells

    [edit]

    Other software publishers have built browsers and other products around Microsoft's Trident engine. The following browsers are all based on that rendering engine:

    • 360 Secure Browser
    • AOL Explorer
    • Deepnet Explorer
    • GreenBrowser
    • Internet Explorer
    • MediaBrowser
    • MSN Explorer
    • NeoPlanet
    • NetCaptor
    • QQ Browser

    Gecko-based

    [edit]
    • Camino for Mac OS X (formerly Chimera)[19]
    • Conkeror, (keyboard-driven browser)
    • Galeon, (GNOME's old default browser)
    • K-Meleon (Windows)
      • K-MeleonCCF ME (for Windows based on K-Meleon core, mostly written in Lua)
      • K-Ninja (for Windows based on K-Meleon)
    • MicroB (for Maemo)
    • Minimo (for mobile)
    • Mozilla Firefox (formerly Firebird and Phoenix, developed by the Mozilla foundation)
      • AT&T Pogo (based on Firefox)
      • Cliqz (Firefox fork)
      • CometBird (an optimized fork of Firefox allowing video downloads)
      • Comodo IceDragon (Firefox-based web browser for Windows with privacy and performance enhancements developed by Comodo)
      • Flock (was based on Firefox until version 2.6.1, and based on Chromium thereafter)
      • Floorp (based on Firefox with increased customization options)
      • Iceweasel (Debian's Firefox rebrand)
        • Swiftweasel (processor-optimised builds based on Iceweasel)
      • GNU IceCat (GNU's fork of Firefox)
      • LibreWolf
      • Netscape Browser 8 to Netscape Navigator 9 (discontinued)
      • TenFourFox (Firefox port to PowerPC versions of Mac OS X)
      • Timberwolf (AmigaOS' Firefox rebrand)
      • Tor Browser (privacy enabled browser)
        • Mullvad Browser (based on Tor Browser)
      • Swiftfox (processor-optimised builds based on Firefox)
      • Waterfox (Firefox-based web browser for Windows, macOS, and Linux)
      • xB Browser (formerly XeroBank Browser and Torpark), portable browser for anonymous browsing, originally based on Firefox
      • Zen Browser
    • Firefox for Android (codenamed Fenix)
    • Mozilla Application Suite
      • Beonex Communicator (separate branch, based on Mozilla Application Suite)
      • Classilla (an updated fork of the Suite to Mac OS 9)
      • Gnuzilla (GNU's fork)
      • Netscape (Netscape 6 to 7, based on Mozilla)
      • SeaMonkey (successor to Mozilla Application Suite)
        • Iceape (Debian's Seamonkey rebrand)
    • Skyfire (for mobile)
    • SlimBrowser
    • Yahoo! Browser (or partnership browsers e.g. "AT&T Yahoo! Browser"; "Verizon Yahoo! Browser"; "BT Yahoo! Browser", etc.)

    Goanna-based

    [edit]
    • Basilisk – similar to Pale Moon, but with the interface of Firefox 29–56 and a few other differences
    • K-Meleon – starting from version 77 (2019)
    • Pale Moon – a fork of Firefox that maintains support for XUL/XPCOM extensions and retains the user interface of the Firefox 4–28 era

    Gecko- and Trident-based

    [edit]

    Browsers that use both Trident and Gecko include:

    • K-Meleon with the IE Tab extension
    • Mozilla Firefox with the IE Tab extension
    • Netscape Browser 8

    Webkit- and Trident-based

    [edit]
    • GNOME Web
    • Maxthon (up until version 4.2)
    • QQ browser

    Blink- and Trident-based

    [edit]
    • Baidu Browser
    • Maxthon (since version 4.2)
    • Microsoft Edge
    [edit]

    Browsers that can use Trident, Gecko and Blink include:

    KHTML-based

    [edit]
    • Konqueror
    • Konqueror Embedded

    Presto-based

    [edit]
    • Internet Channel (for Wii console, Opera-based)
    • Nintendo DS Browser (Opera-based)
    • Opera (for releases up until 12.18[21][22])

    WebKit-based

    [edit]
    • All browsers for iOS[23]
    • Safari
    • Arora
    • Bolt
    • Dolphin Browser
    • DuckDuckGo browser for macOS[24]
    • Flock since version 3.0
    • iCab since version 4
    • GNOME Web
    • Iris Browser
    • Konqueror (version 4 can use WebKit as an alternative to its native KHTML)[25]
    • Maxthon from version 3.0 to 5.0
    • Midori before acquisition by Astian Foundation
    • NetFront
    • OmniWeb
    • Orion
    • Otter Browser
    • Origyn Web Browser
    • QtWeb
    • qutebrowser
    • PhantomJS
    • Shiira
    • SlimBrowser since version 10.0
    • Steel (web browser)
    • surf
    • Uzbl
    • Nokia Browser for Symbian
    • webOS
    • WebPositive
    • xombrero
    [edit]
    • Chromium
      • Amazon Silk
      • Arc
      • Avast Secure Browser
      • Beaker
      • Brave
      • Cốc Cốc
      • Comodo Dragon[26]
      • Epic
      • Google Chrome (based on Blink since Chrome v. 28)
      • JioPages
      • Microsoft Edge[27]
      • NAVER Whale
      • DuckDuckGo for Android and Windows
      • Opera[28]
      • Opera GX
      • Puffin Browser
      • Qt WebEngine
        • Dooble (from Version 2.2)
        • Falkon
      • qutebrowser (Blink backend mostly stable)
      • Redcore
      • Rockmelt
      • SalamWeb
      • Sleipnir
      • SRWare Iron
      • Torch
      • Ungoogled-chromium
      • Vivaldi
      • Yandex Browser

    EdgeHTML-based

    [edit]
    • Microsoft Edge [Legacy][29]

    For Java platform

    [edit]
    • BOLT Browser
    • HotJava
    • Opera Mini (only the Android version is actively developed as of 2022)
    • ThunderHawk

    Specialty browsers

    [edit]
    See also: Augmented browsing, List of augmented browsing software, and Site-specific browser

    Browsers created for enhancements of specific browsing activities.

    Current

    [edit]
    • ZAC Browser (for children with autism, autism spectrum disorders such as Asperger syndrome, pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), and PDD-NOS)

    Discontinued

    [edit]
    • Flock (to enhance social networking, blogging, photo-sharing, and RSS news-reading)
    • Ghostzilla (blends into the GUI to hide activity)
    • Gollum browser (created specially for browsing Wikipedia)
    • Kirix Strata (designed for data analytics)
    • Miro (a media browser that integrates a BitTorrent addon)
    • Nightingale (open source audio player and web browser based on the Songbird (see below) media player source code)
    • Prodigy Classic (executable only within the application)
    • Rockmelt (designed to combine web browsing, and social activities such as Facebook and Twitter into a unified one window experience)
    • Songbird (browser with advanced audio streaming features and built-in media player with library)
    • SpaceTime (search the web in 3D)

    Mosaic-based

    [edit]

    Mosaic was the first widely used web browser. The National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) licensed the technology and many companies built their own web browser on Mosaic. The best known are the first versions of Internet Explorer and Netscape.

    • AMosaic
    • IBM WebExplorer
    • Internet Explorer 1.x
    • Internet in a Box
    • Mosaic-CK
    • Netscape
    • Spyglass Mosaic
    • VMS Mosaic

    Others

    [edit]
    • Abaco (for Plan 9 from Bell Labs and Linux[30])
    • Amaya
    • Arachne (for DOS and Linux)
    • Arena
    • Ariadna (AMSD Ariadna) (first Russian web browser)
    • AWeb (AmigaOS)
    • Baidu Mobile Browser
    • Dillo (for lower-end computers)
    • DR-WebSpyder (for DOS)
    • Embrowser (for DOS)
    • Flow browser
    • Gazelle (from Microsoft Research, OS-like)
    • IBrowse (for AmigaOS)
    • Ladybird (from SerenityOS)
    • Mothra (for Plan 9 from Bell Labs)
    • NetPositive (for BeOS)
    • NetSurf (an open source web browser originally for RISC OS and GTK, e.g. Linux, Windows and more platforms, written in C)
    • Phoenix, a browser based on tkWWW
    • Planetweb browser (for Dreamcast)
    • Qihoo 360 mobile browsers
    • tkWWW, based on Tcl
    • Voyager (for AmigaOS)

    Mobile browsers

    [edit]
    Main article: Mobile browser
    • Amazon Silk
    • Apple Safari
    • Arc
    • Brave
    • Dolphin browser
    • Firefox Focus
    • Google Chrome
    • Microsoft Edge
    • Mozilla Firefox
    • Opera Mobile
    • Puffin Browser
    • QQ browser
    • Samsung Internet
    • UC Browser
    • Vivaldi

    Text-based

    [edit]
    Main article: Text-based web browser
    • Emacs/W3
    • EWW
    • Line Mode Browser
    • Links
      • ELinks
    • Lynx
    • w3m

    See also

    [edit]
    • History of the web browser
    • Timeline of web browsers
    • Comparison of web browsers
    • Comparison of browser engines
    • List of search engines
    • List of web browsers for Unix and Unix-like operating systems
    • Usage share of web browsers
    • Browser wars

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ "History and Growth of the Internet". Internet World Stats. June 21, 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
    2. ^ Brennan, Elaine (June 13, 1993). "World Wibe Web Browser: Ms-Windows (Beta) (1/149)". Humanist Archives Vol. 7. Retrieved March 27, 2010.
    3. ^ Großmann, Prof. Dr. Hans Peter. "Department of Information Resource Management". University of Ulm. Retrieved March 22, 2010.
    4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Release history". W3C. Retrieved May 2, 2009.
    5. ^ "Oracle Introduces PowerBrowser". Oracle Corporation. June 18, 1996. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
    6. ^ "Opera Software Releases 3.60" (Press release). Opera Software. May 12, 1998. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
    7. ^ "Opera 4.0 for Windows Released" (Press release). Opera Software. June 27, 2000. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
    8. ^ "The Browser War Lights Up in Europe" (Press release). Opera Software. December 6, 2000. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
    9. ^ "Opera 6.0 for Windows launched after record-breaking beta" (Press release). Opera Software. November 29, 2001. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
    10. ^ "Opera 7 Ready to Rock the Web" (Press release). Opera Software. January 28, 2003. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
    11. ^ "Speed, Security and Simplicity: Opera 8 Web Browser Released Today" (Press release). Opera Software. April 19, 2005. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
    12. ^ "Your Web, Your Choice: Opera 9 Gives You the Control" (Press release). Opera Software. June 20, 2006. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
    13. ^ "Opera redefines Web browsing yet again" (Press release). Opera Software. June 12, 2008. Retrieved June 12, 2008.
    14. ^ "Turbocharge your Web experience with Opera 10" (Press release). Opera Software. September 1, 2009. Retrieved January 2, 2010.
    15. ^ "History of the Pale Moon project". Retrieved January 5, 2017.
    16. ^ "The world's fastest browser for Windows" (Press release). Oslo, Norway: Opera Software. March 2, 2010. Retrieved March 28, 2010.
    17. ^ a b c "General information". Retrieved January 5, 2017.
    18. ^ http://caminobrowser.org Camino reaches its end
    19. ^ "Have it all: Lunascape, the browser with three engines". CNET News. November 24, 2008. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
    20. ^ "300 million users and move to WebKit". Opera Developer News.
    21. ^ "Surprise: Opera 12.18 has been released – gHacks Tech News". gHacks Technology News. February 16, 2016. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
    22. ^ "Open-sourcing Chrome on iOS!". 2017. Retrieved April 26, 2021. Due to constraints of the iOS platform, all browsers must be built on top of the WebKit rendering engine.
    23. ^ "Introducing DuckDuckGo for Mac: A Private, Fast, and Secure Browsing App". April 12, 2022.
    24. ^ "Projects/WebKit/Part — KDE TechBase". KDE TechBase. Retrieved March 30, 2010.
    25. ^ JoWa (May 2, 2014). "Blink, since v. 28". Comodo Group, Inc. Archived from the original on March 17, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2017.
    26. ^ "Microsoft Edge: Making the web better through more open source collaboration". Microsoft Windows Blog. Microsoft. December 6, 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
    27. ^ "A first peek at Opera 15 for Computers". Opera. Archived from the original on June 7, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
    28. ^ "The new Microsoft Edge is now mandatory in Windows 10 20H2". News, Reviews and Technical Support. BleepingComputer. October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
    29. ^ "abaco-20080209-1-i686.pkg.tar". Archived from the original on May 6, 2016. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
    [edit]
    This article is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.
    Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List of web browsers
    Status: article is cached
    Encyclosphere.org EncycloReader is supported by the EncyclosphereKSF