p21 activated kinases (PAKs ) are members of a family of enzymes.[1] They serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins CDC42 and Rac and have been implicated in a wide range of biological activities.
Members include:
PAK1, regulating cell motility and morphology[2]
PAK2, possibly playing a role in apoptosis[3]
PAK3, possibly for dendritic development and for the rapid cytoskeletal reorganization in dendritic spines associated with synaptic plasticity[4]
PAK4, a mediator of filopodia formation[5]
PAK5, a mediator of filopodia formation[6]
PAK6, involved in cytoskeleton rearrangement[7]
References [ edit ]
External links [ edit ]
Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins
MAP Calcium
Intracellular calcium-sensing proteins
Calcineurin
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
G protein
Heterotrimeric
cAMP:
Heterotrimeric G protein
Adenylate cyclase
cAMP
3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase
Protein kinase A
cGMP:
Transducin
Gustducin
Guanylate cyclase
cGMP
3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase
Protein kinase G
G alpha subunit Gα
GNAO1
GNAI1
GNAI2
GNAI3
GNAT1
GNAT2
GNAT3
GNAZ
GNAS
GNAL
GNAQ
GNA11
GNA12
GNA13
GNA14
GNA15/GNA16
G beta-gamma complex Gβ
Gγ
GNGT1
GNGT2
GNG2
GNG3
GNG4
GNG5
GNG7
GNG8
GNG10
GNG11
GNG12
GNG13
BSCL2
G protein-coupled receptor kinase
AMP-activated protein kinase
Monomeric
ARFs
Rabs
Ras
Rhos
Arfs
Ran
Rhebs
Raps
RGKs
Cyclin
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein
Cyclin-dependent kinase
Cyclin
Lipid
Phosphoinositide phospholipase C
Phospholipase C
Other protein kinase
Serine/threonine:
Casein kinase
eIF-2 kinase
Glycogen synthase kinase
GSK1
GSK2
GSK-3
GSK3A
GSK3B
IκB kinase
Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase
Lim kinase
p21-activated kinases
Rho-associated protein kinase
Ribosomal s6 kinase
Tyrosine:
ZAP70
Focal adhesion protein-tyrosine kinase
BTK
Serine/threonine/tyrosine
Dual-specificity kinase
DYRK1A
DYRK1B
DYRK2
DYRK3
DYRK4
Arginine
Other protein phosphatase
Serine/threonine: Tyrosine:
protein tyrosine phosphatase: Receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase
Sh2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase
both:
Dual-specificity phosphatase
Apoptosis
see apoptosis signaling pathway
GTP-binding protein regulators
see GTP-binding protein regulators
Other
Activating transcription factor 6
Signal transducing adaptor protein
I-kappa B protein
Mucin-4
Olfactory marker protein
Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein
EDARADD
PRKCSH
see also deficiencies of intracellular signaling peptides and proteins