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    Timeline of Białystok

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    This is a sub-article to History of Białystok

    The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Białystok, Poland.

    This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

    Prior to 19th century

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    • 1320 - Settlement founded in Lithuania.[1]
    • 1569 – part of the Lesser Poland Province of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
    • 1692 – Białystok granted city rights by Polish King John III Sobieski
    • 1697 - Branicki Palace built.[2]
    • 1745 – the first military technical school in Poland founded in Białystok[3]
    • 1748 – one of the oldest theaters in Poland, the Komedialnia, founded[4]
    • 1749 – King Augustus III of Poland extended the city limits[5]
    • 1753 - Center of the city burns down
    • 1756 - Jan Klemens Branicki, owner of Białystok, divorces his third wife
    • 1763–1768 – Municipal hospital founded by Jan Klemens Branicki.[6]
    • 13 July 1769 – Battle of Białystok (1769) [pl], part of the War of the Bar Confederation
    • 1770 – midwifery school founded under the auspices of Izabella Poniatowska[3]
    • 9 October 1771 – Jan Klemens Branicki dies
    • 1776 – Polish 5th Regiment of Fusiliers of Crown Artillery stationed in Białystok.[7]
    • 1789 – the epidemic of smallpox, the 22 children died
    • 1795 – City annexed by Prussia in the Third Partition of Poland and made the administrative seat of the Białystok Department[1]
    • 26 January 1796 – Prussian administration takes over the town, but it remains formally owned by Izabella Poniatowska-Branicka

    19th century

    [edit]
    • 1805 – Institute of Obstetrics established based on the midwifery school[3]
    • 1807 - Town becomes part of Russia, per Peace of Tilsit;[1] and capital of the Belostok Oblast.
    • 14 February 1808 – Izabella Poniatowska-Branicka dies
    • 3 July 1812 – Napoleon's army enters the city,
    • 13 July 1812 – Declaration of the inhabitants of communication with the Commonwealth,
    • 4 August 1812 – Russian army enters the city
    • 8 August 1812 – giving a new coat of the city by Tsar Alexander I
    • 13 December 1830 – announcement of martial law by the Russian authorities in connection with the outbreak of the November Uprising,
    • 1 February 1831 – setting up headquarters in the Russian army commander, Field Marshal Hans Karl von Diebitsch, whose task was to suppress the November Uprising
    • 1834 – a ban on teaching in schools in the Polish language
    • 1842 - City becomes administratively part of the Grodno Governorate.
    • 1845 - Woollen mill built.[1]
    • 1857 - Population: 13,787.[1]
    • 15 December 1859 – Ludwik Zamenhof, the creator of the international language Esperanto, was born
    • 13 June 1860 – the beginning of a patriotic demonstration under the banner of national unity and fight against colonization,
    • 1861
      • 16 March: Prayers were held by local Poles and Jews in memory of Polish protesters massacred by the Russians in Warsaw a few weeks earlier.[8]
      • 3 May: The Russians arrested several Polish students during the celebration of the Polish 3 May Constitution Day.[9]
      • 9 June: Andrzej Artur Zamoyski, representative of the Whites, arrives in the city
    • 1862 – Opening of the Saint Petersburg–Warsaw Railway through the city
    • 24 April 1863 – the beginning of the Polish January Uprising in the Białystok area
    • 15 February 1864 - Battle of the January Uprising was fought near Białystok.[10]
    • 1877 – expanding the city limits: integrated railway station, the village of Piaski and Las Zwierzyniecki
    • 1886 – the railway line Bialystok – Vawkavysk – Baranovichi
    • 1889 - Population: 56,629.[1]
    • 1891 – Launch of the first telephone exchange
    • 1895 – launch of three lines of horse tram
    • 1897 - Population: 63,927.[11]
    • 1898 – establishment of the Volunteer Fire Department

    20th century

    [edit]

    1901–1939

    [edit]
    Białystok city center around 1900
    • 1901 - Population: 65,781.[1]
    • 1905 - Chernoe Znamia political group formed.
    • 1906 - 14–16 June: Białystok pogrom of Jews by the Russians.[12]
    • 1910 - Białystok Power Station commissioned.
    • 1912
      • Tsarist prison built.[13]
      • Population: 98,170.[14]
    • 1913
      • City's first Polish scout troop founded.[15]
      • Great Synagogue built.
    • 1915
      • City becomes capital of the Bialystok-Grodno District of the German-controlled territory of Ober-Ost during World War I.
      • 29 November: Polish Real Gymnasium founded.[15]
    • 1918
      • 11–13 November: Poles disarmed the Germans following the restoration of Polish independence.[16]
      • 14 November: City re-occupied by Germany.[16]
    • 1919
      • Białystok part of the re-established Polish state, capital of the Białystok Voivodeship
      • Białostoczek becomes part of city.[citation needed]
    • 1920
      • 22 September: Battle of Białystok - Polish victory over the invading Russian forces.
      • Jagiellonia Białystok football club formed.
    Józef Piłsudski's visit to Białystok in 1921
    • 1921 - Białystok confirmed as part of Poland.[17]
    • 1928 - Polmos Białystok founded.
    • 1934 - Seweryn Nowakowski, considered one of the greatest mayors of Białystok, becomes mayor.[18]
    • 1937
      • Podlaska Cavalry Brigade of the Polish Army formed and stationed in Białystok.
      • Population: 100,101.[17]
    • 1938 - Białystok Municipal Theatre built.

    World War II (1939–1945)

    [edit]
    • 1939
      • September: German occupation after the invasion of Poland, which started World War II
      • 20–21 September: The German Einsatzgruppe IV entered the city to commit crimes against the population.[19]
      • 22 September: City handed over by the Germans to the Soviet Union in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. Soviet occupation begins.
      • October: Pre-war mayor Seweryn Nowakowski arrested by the NKVD and probably deported to the USSR; his fate remains unknown.[18]
      • November: City annexed to the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic;[2] and capital of the Belastok Region.
    Lipowa Street in 1940
    • 1940 - 17 July: Ryszard Kaczorowski, member of the local Polish resistance movement and future President of Poland in exile, arrested by the NKVD.[20]
    • 1940–1941 - Mass deportations of some 20,000 Polish citizens by the Russians from the Białystok Fabryczny railway station to the USSR, incl. Siberia (see Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946)).[21]
    • 1941
      • 27 June: City occupation by German forces begins. On that day, approximately 2,000 to 3,000 of Białystok's Jews were massacred by the Ordnungspolizei.
      • City becomes capital of Bezirk Białystok.
      • July: Jewish ghetto established by occupying Nazi Germans.[12]
      • Autumn: Oflag 57 prisoner-of-war camp moved from Ostrołęka to Białystok.[22]
      • 14 October: The German 13th Reserve Police Battalion carried out a massacre of 134 POWs, mostly Jews.[22]
      • 30 October: The German 13th Reserve Police Battalion carried out a massacre of 166 POWs.[22]
    • 1942
      • 25 May: Oflag 57 POW camp dissolved.[22]
      • July: Stalag 316 POW camp moved from Wołkowysk to Białystok.[23]
      • 2 November: The Germans established a forced labour camp for Jewish men.[24]
    • 1943
      • February: The German Sicherheitspolizei begins deportations of Poles including teenage boys from the local Nazi prison to the Stutthof concentration camp.[25]
      • 20 February: Stalag 316 POW camp dissolved.[26]
      • 16 August: Białystok Ghetto Uprising.[2]
      • 21 August: Transport of Białystok children. Jewish children deported by the occupiers from Białystok to Theresienstadt concentration camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia.
    Soviet bombing damages in 1944
    • 1944
      • July: occupied by the Soviets
      • mass arrests of Polish resistance members by the Soviets, around 1,200 Poles placed in the local prison by 7 November.[27]
      • September: the city returned to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, capital of the part of the Białystok Voivodeship
      • 8 November: deportation of 1,030 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Ostashkov.[27]
      • 12 November: deportation of 1,014 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Ostashkov.[28]
      • 24 November: deportation of 900 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Ostashkov.[28]
      • 27 December: deportation of 790 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Novomoskovsk (then Stalinogorsk).[28]
    • 1945 - 30 January: deportation of 1,242 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Skopin.[28]

    1945–2000

    [edit]
    • 1946 - Population: 56,759.[17]
    • 1948 - Hetman Białystok football club formed.
    • 1949 - Podlaskie Museum in Białystok founded.
    • 1950 - Medical University of Białystok established.
    • 1951 - Gazeta Współczesna newspaper begins publication.[29]
    • 1953 - Białystok Puppet Theatre established.[30]
    • 1956 - Manifestation of support for the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Mass raising of funds, food, medical supplies and blood donation for Hungarian insurgents (see also Hungary–Poland relations).[31]
    • 1960 - Islamic Religious Community in Białystok [pl] established.
    • 1972 - Białystok City Stadium opens.
    Białystok University of Technology
    • 1974
      • Białystok University of Technology active.
      • Population: 187,100.[32]
    • 1975 - City becomes capital of the Białystok Voivodeship (1975–98).
    • 1990
      • Białystok History Museum [pl] founded.
      • Lech Rutkowski becomes mayor.
      • Piłsudski monument, Białystok [pl] installed at Kościuszko Square.
    • 1991 - Roman Catholic Diocese of Białystok established.[33]
    • 1992 – Roman Catholic Diocese of Białystok elevated to Archdiocese.
    • 1998 - Population: 283,937 (estimate).[29]
    • 1999 - City becomes capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship.

    21st century

    [edit]
    Białystok city center in 2017
    • 2004 - City divided into 27 administrative districts.
    • 2006 - Tadeusz Truskolaski becomes mayor.
    • 2008 - Jewish Heritage Trail in Białystok created.
    • 2009
      • Zamenhof Centre opens.
      • World Congress of Esperanto held in city.
    • 2011 - 4 March: Honorary Consulate of Croatia opened (see Croatia–Poland relations).[34]
    • 2012 - Population: 294,900.[35]
    • 2013 - 10 July: Honorary Consulate of Finland opened (see Finland–Poland relations).[36]
    • 2015 - December: Honorary Consulate of Luxembourg opened (see Luxembourg–Poland relations).
    • 2018
      • 1 March: Danuta Siedzikówna monument unveiled.[37]
      • 11 April: Monument to the victims of Soviet deportations of Poles during World War II unveiled at the Białystok Fabryczny railway station.[21]
    • 2020 - Monument to Polish mothers deported to Siberia unveiled.[38]
    • 2021 - 19 September: Khachkar commemorating the victims of the Armenian genocide and Armenian soldiers fallen in the battle for Artsakh unveiled.[39]
    • 2022
      • 29 May: Monument to soldiers of the pre-war Polish 42nd Infantry Regiment-footballers of Jagiellonia Białystok unveiled in front of the municipal stadium.[40]
      • 23 June: Honorary Consulate of Kazakhstan opened (see Kazakhstan–Poland relations).[41]
      • 29 June: Honorary Consulate of Serbia opened (see Poland–Serbia relations).[42]
    • 2023
      • 24 May: Polish–Uzbekistani Historical Commission founded (see Poland–Uzbekistan relations).[43]
      • 23 November: Honorary Consulate of Latvia opened (see Latvia–Poland relations).[44]
    Jagiellonia Białystok players celebrate winning the 2023–24 Polish Championship
    • 2024 - 25 May: Jagiellonia Białystok won its first Polish football championship.

    See also

    [edit]
    • History of Białystok
    • Other names of Białystok, e.g. Belostok, Bielostok, Byelostok

    References

    [edit]

    This article incorporates information from the Polish Wikipedia.

    1. ^ a b c d e f g Britannica 1910.
    2. ^ a b c George Lerski (1996). "Bialystok". Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-26007-0.
    3. ^ a b c Jacek Kusznier, Elektrycy w historii Politechniki Białostockiej, "Maszyny Elektryczne - Zeszyty Problemowe", Nr 4/2018, p. 164 (in Polish)
    4. ^ "Plejada gwiazd w nowym teatrze. Piotr Dąbrowski otwiera Komedialnię". Białystok Online (in Polish). Retrieved 31 October 2019.
    5. ^ Jacek Kusznier, Elektrycy w historii Politechniki Białostockiej, "Maszyny Elektryczne - Zeszyty Problemowe", Nr 4/2018, p. 163 (in Polish)
    6. ^ Grażyna Rogala. "Dom staromiejski". Zabytek.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
    7. ^ Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925). Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831 (in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. p. 27.
    8. ^ Katalog miejsc pamięci powstania styczniowego w województwie podlaskim (in Polish). Białystok: Towarzystwo Opieki nad Zabytkami Oddział Białystok. 2013. p. 8. ISBN 978-83-88372-50-6.
    9. ^ Katalog miejsc pamięci powstania styczniowego w województwie podlaskim, p. 9
    10. ^ Katalog miejsc pamięci powstania styczniowego w województwie podlaskim, p. 13
    11. ^ "Russia: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1898. hdl:2027/njp.32101020157267.
    12. ^ a b "Białystok". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. New York: Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
    13. ^ Grażyna Rogala. "Zespół więzienia carskiego, ob. areszt śledczy". Zabytek.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
    14. ^ "Russia: Principal Towns: European Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
    15. ^ a b Dworakowski, Jan (2017). "Początki harcerstwa na Białostocczyźnie (1913-1923)". In Cymbalisty, Wojciech Jan; Waczyński, Józef (eds.). Polskie tradycje niepodległościowe Choroszczy i okolic (in Polish). Rogówek: Fundacja Pole Kultury. p. 151. ISBN 978-83-949254-2-0.
    16. ^ a b Dworakowski, p. 154
    17. ^ a b c Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "Bialystok", Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 213, OL 6112221M
    18. ^ a b Sylwia Wieczeryńska. "Wystawa "Seweryn Nowakowski – zaginiony prezydent Białegostoku" – od piątku". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
    19. ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 55.
    20. ^ "Ryszard Kaczorowski (1919 - 2010)". Uniwersytet w Białymstoku (in Polish). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
    21. ^ a b "W Białymstoku odsłonięto pomnik przy dworcu, z którego odbywały się deportacje na Wschód". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
    22. ^ a b c d Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 216. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
    23. ^ Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 304. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
    24. ^ "Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Bialystok". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
    25. ^ Drywa, Danuta (2020). "Germanizacja dzieci i młodzieży polskiej na Pomorzu Gdańskim z uwzględnieniem roli obozu koncentracyjnego Stutthof". In Kostkiewicz, Janina (ed.). Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945) (in Polish). Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Biblioteka Jagiellońska. p. 187.
    26. ^ Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 306. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
    27. ^ a b Zwolski, Marcin (2005). "Deportacje internowanych Polakow z wojewodztwa białostockiego 1944–1945". Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość (in Polish). Vol. 2, no. 8. IPN. p. 98. ISSN 1427-7476.
    28. ^ a b c d Zwolski, p. 99
    29. ^ a b "Poland: Directory". Europa World Year Book. Taylor & Francis. 2004. p. 3463+. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
    30. ^ "Culture.pl". Warsaw: Adam Mickiewicz Institute. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
    31. ^ "Odsłonięto tablicę upamiętniającą solidarność białostoczan z narodem węgierskim". Radio Białystok (in Polish). 19 December 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
    32. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
    33. ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Poland". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 April 2015.
    34. ^ "Bialystok, otwarcie konsulatu" (in Polish). 4 March 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
    35. ^ "Concise Statistical Yearbook of Poland 2014". Central Statistical Office of Poland. Review Tables: Cities
    36. ^ "Najnowszy Konsulat Honorowy Finlandii otwarto w Białymstoku". Finland Abroad (in Polish). 11 July 2013. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
    37. ^ "Pomnik Inki w Białymstoku". Białystok - Oficjalny Portal Miasta (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
    38. ^ "W Białymstoku odsłonięto pomnik upamiętniający Bohaterskie Matki Sybiraczki [zdjęcia]". Radio Białystok (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
    39. ^ "Chaczkar stanął w Białymstoku". Awedis (in Polish). No. 48. 2021. p. 2.
    40. ^ "Przy stadionie odsłonięto pomnik żołnierzy 42. Pułku Piechoty". Eska.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
    41. ^ "Otwarcie konsulatu Kazachstanu w Białymstoku". Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). 23 June 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
    42. ^ "Otwarcie Konsulatu Honorowego Republiki Serbii w Białymstoku". Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). 29 June 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
    43. ^ "Powołanie Polsko-Uzbekistańskiej Komisji historycznej". Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). 29 May 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
    44. ^ "W Białymstoku powstał Konsulat Republiki Łotewskiej". Podlaskie.eu (in Polish). 23 November 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2024.

    Bibliography

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