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    Timeline of Birmingham, Alabama

    From Wikipedia - Reading time: 12 min

    The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

    This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

    19th century

    [edit]
    History of Alabama
    The state of Mississippi and Alabama territory (1810)
    • By year
    • Pre-statehood
    • U.S. Civil War
    • Since 1900
    • Topics: African-Americans - Cities - Politics
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    • e
    • 1871
      • Birmingham founded and incorporated.[1]
      • Robert Henley becomes mayor.[2]
    • 1874
      • Birmingham becomes seat of Jefferson County.[2]
      • First Colored Baptist Church founded.
      • Cholera epidemic.[2]
      • Birmingham Iron Age newspaper in publication.[3]
    • 1880 - Population: 3,086.[4]
    • 1881 - Alabama Christian Advocate newspaper begins publication.[5]
    • 1882
      • Sloss Furnace begins operating.
      • O'Brien's Opera House opens.[6]
    • 1887 - Howard College active in East Lake.
    • 1888 - Evening News and Birmingham Age-Herald newspapers in publication.
    • 1890
      • Population: 26,178.[4]
      • Labor Advocate newspaper begins publication.[5]
    • 1891 - Birmingham Commercial Club incorporated.
    • 1893
      • Cathedral of Saint Paul built.
      • St. Mark's School opens.[7][8]
    • 1895
      • Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company headquarters relocated to Birmingham.[9]
      • Birmingham Conservatory of Music established.[10]
    • 1896 - Spencer Business College established.[10]
    • 1900 - Population: 38,415.[11]

    20th century

    [edit]

    1900s-1950s

    [edit]
    • 1901 - March 25: Storm.[3]
    • 1907
      • Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company acquired by United States Steel Corporation.[12]
      • Miles Memorial College active in nearby Fairfield.[13]
    • 1909
      • City expands to include Ensley, North Birmingham, Pratt City, Woodlawn.[2]
      • Birmingham Terminal Station[3] and Empire Building[citation needed] constructed.
    • 1910 - Population: 132,685.[11]
    • 1912 - John Hand Building constructed.
    • 1913 - City Federal Building constructed.
    • 1916
      • October 18: 1916 Irondale earthquake.
      • Robert E. Lee Klan No.1 formed.[14]
    • 1917 - Civitan Club founded.[14]
    • 1918 - Birmingham–Southern College established.
    • 1919 - Alabama Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs formed in Birmingham.[15]
    • 1920
      • Progressive Farmer magazine headquartered in Birmingham.[5]
      • Population: 178,806.[14]
    • 1922 - WAPI radio begins broadcasting.[16]
    • 1923 - Traffic lights installed.[14]
    • 1924 - Avondale Sun newspaper begins publication.[3]
    • 1925 - WBRC radio begins broadcasting.[16]
    • 1927 - Alabama Theatre opens.[3]
    • 1928 - Exchange-Security Bank established.[17]
    • 1929 - Thomas Jefferson Hotel built.
    • 1930
      • Southern Worker newspaper begins publication.[18]
      • Population: 259,678.[14]
    • 1933 - Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers Union active.[19]
    • 1936
      • Local Steel Workers Organizing Committee formed.[20]
      • Vulcan statue erected atop Red Mountain.[4]
    • 1940 - Population: 267,583.[11]
    • 1942 - Birmingham Historical Society founded.[21]
    • 1949 - WAPI-TV and WBRC-TV (television) begin broadcasting.[22]
    • 1950
      • Birmingham Post-Herald newspaper in publication.[5]
      • Population: 326,037.[11]
    • 1955 - Birmingham Zoo established.[23]
    • 1956
      • Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights headquartered in Birmingham.
      • Alabama Symphony Orchestra active.
    • 1958 - EBSCO Industries in business.[9]
    • 1959 - West End Hills Missionary Baptist Church built.

    1960s-1990s

    [edit]
    • 1960
      • Briarwood Presbyterian Church (later megachurch) established.[24]
      • Eastwood Mall in business.[3]
      • Population: 340,887.[11]
    • 1961 - First Baptist Church, Kingston built.
    • 1962 - Two North Twentieth built.[citation needed]
    • 1963
      • April 3: Birmingham campaign for civil rights begins.[25]
      • April 16: Martin Luther King Jr. writes his "Letter from Birmingham Jail", first published in June 1963 issues of Liberation,[26] The Christian Century,[27] and The New Leader.
      • May: Birmingham riot of 1963.
      • September 15: 16th Street Baptist Church bombing.[12][28]
      • Birmingham Botanical Gardens open.
    • 1965
      • Airport Drive-In cinema opens.[29]
      • Southern Museum of Flight established.[21]
    • 1966 - Southern Living magazine headquartered in Birmingham.
    • 1969 - Birmingham Terminal Station demolished.[30]
    • 1970
      • Daniel Building constructed.
      • Population: 300,910.[11]
    • 1971 - First Alabama Bancshares headquartered in city.[citation needed]
    • 1972 - South Central Bell Building and First National-Southern Natural Building built.
    • 1975 - Birmingham Vulcans football team formed.
    • 1979 - Richard Arrington, Jr. becomes mayor.
    • 1980 - Population: 284,413.[11]
    • 1982
      • Community Food Bank of Central Alabama[31][32] and Bama 6 cinema[29] open.
      • Sister city agreement established with Hitachi, Japan.[33]
    • 1986
    South Trust Tower, built in 1986
      • South Trust Tower built.
      • Alabama Humanities Foundation headquartered in Birmingham.
    • 1988 - AmSouth-Harbert Plaza (hi-rise) built.
    • 1990
      • Birmingham Islamic Society formed.[34][35]
      • Population: 265,968.[11]
    • 1992 - Birmingham Civil Rights Institute established.[21]
    • 1993
      • Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame opens.
      • Spencer Bachus becomes U.S. representative for Alabama's 6th congressional district.[36]
    • 1995 - Sister city agreement established with Székesfehérvár, Hungary.[33]
    • 1996
      • City website online (approximate date).[37][chronology citation needed]
      • Sister city agreement established with Anshan, China.[33]
    • 1997 - Sister city agreement established with Gweru, Zimbabwe.[33]
    • 1998
      • April 6–9, 1998 tornado outbreak.
      • Establishment of sister city agreement with Pomigliano d'Arco, Naples, Italy, and friendship city agreements with Chaoyang District, Beijing, China, and Maebashi, Japan.[33]
    • 1999 - Friendship city agreement established with Krasnodon, Ukraine.[33]
    • 2000 - Population: 242,840.

    21st century

    [edit]
    • 2001 - Church of the Highlands (megachurch) founded.[24]
    • 2003 - Sister city agreement established with Vinnytsia, Ukraine.[33]
    Cumberland School of Law in 2006
    • 2005
      • Birmingham Post-Herald newspaper ceases publication.[5]
      • Locust Fork News-Journal begins publication.[38]
      • Sister city agreements established with Al-Karak, Jordan; Guédiawaye, Senegal; Plzeň, Czech Republic; and Rosh HaAyin, Israel.[33]
    • 2009 - Sister city agreement established with Winneba, Ghana.[33]
    • 2010
      • Alabama Symphony Youth Orchestra formed.[39]
      • William A. Bell becomes mayor.
      • Population: 212,237.[40]
    • 2011 - Terri Sewell becomes U.S. representative for Alabama's 7th congressional district.[41]
    • 2015
      • Minimum wage approved in city.[42]
      • Sister city agreement established with Liverpool, England.[33]
    • 2017 - Randall Woodfin becomes mayor.
    • 2020 - Population: 200,733.
    • 2021 - Birmingham Stallions football team is formed [43]
    • 2022 - 2022 World Games were hosted.[44]
    • 2024 - September 2024 Birmingham shooting: Four people are killed and seventeen others are injured during a mass shooting.[45]

    Images

    [edit]
    • Overview of Birmingham, 1907
      Overview of Birmingham, 1907
    • Ensley, Birmingham, 1937
      Ensley, Birmingham, 1937
    • Overview of Birmingham, 1972
      Overview of Birmingham, 1972
    • Southside, Birmingham, 2010
      Southside, Birmingham, 2010
    • Bird's-eye view of Samford University campus
      Bird's-eye view of Samford University campus

    See also

    [edit]
    • History of Birmingham, Alabama
    • List of mayors of Birmingham, Alabama
    • National Register of Historic Places listings in Birmingham, Alabama
    • List of neighborhoods in Birmingham, Alabama
    • Timelines of other cities in Alabama: Huntsville, Mobile, Montgomery, Tuscaloosa

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 221, OL 6112221M
    2. ^ a b c d Owen 1921.
    3. ^ a b c d e f "Browse Collections". Digital Collections. Birmingham Public Library. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
    4. ^ a b c Federal Writers' Project 1941, "Birmingham".
    5. ^ a b c d e "US Newspaper Directory". Chronicling America. Washington DC: Library of Congress. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
    6. ^ Teeple 1887.
    7. ^ Barbara Brandon Schnorrenberg (2002), ""The Best School for Blacks in the State" St. Mark's Academic and Industrial School, Birmingham, Alabama 1892-1940", Anglican and Episcopal History, 71 (4): 519–549, JSTOR 42615917
    8. ^ "St. Mark's School, Birmingham, Alabama", Colored American Magazine, vol. 13, New York: Moore Publishing, 1907, hdl:2027/uc1.b3793667
    9. ^ a b "Encyclopedia of Alabama". Alabama Humanities Foundation. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
    10. ^ a b Patterson's American Educational Directory. Vol. 19. Chicago. 1922. hdl:2027/mdp.39015062798783.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
    11. ^ a b c d e f g h Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, US Census Bureau, 1998
    12. ^ a b Lynda Brown; et al. (1998). "Chronology". Alabama History: An Annotated Bibliography. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-28223-2.
    13. ^ Negro Education: A Study of the Private and Higher Schools for Colored People in the United States. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1917. p. 51.
    14. ^ a b c d e Brownell 1972.
    15. ^ "Archives & Manuscripts - Guide to the Collections". Birmingham Public Library. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
    16. ^ a b Jack Alicoate, ed. (1939), "Alabama", Radio Annual, New York: Radio Daily, OCLC 2459636
    17. ^ "Institution Directory". Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Archived from the original on May 10, 2000. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
    18. ^ Ingalls 1981.
    19. ^ Draper 1996.
    20. ^ Norrell 1986.
    21. ^ a b c American Association for State and Local History 2002.
    22. ^ Charles A. Alicoate, ed. (1960), "Television Stations: Alabama", Radio Annual and Television Year Book, New York: Radio Daily Corp., OCLC 10512206
    23. ^ Vernon N. Kisling, Jr., ed. (2001). "Zoological Gardens of the United States (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
    24. ^ a b Scott Thumma (ed.). "Database of Megachurches in the U.S." Connecticut: Hartford Seminary. Retrieved April 21, 2017.
    25. ^ "Events", Civil Rights Digital Library, Athens, GA: Digital Library of Georgia (Timeline)
    26. ^ King, Martin Luther Jr. (1963). "Letter from Birmingham Jail". Liberation: An Independent Monthly. Vol. 8, no. 4. pp. 10–16, 23. ISSN 0024-189X.
    27. ^ Reprinted in "Reporting Civil Rights, Part One", (pp. 777–794), American Journalism 1941–1963. The Library of America
    28. ^ "On This Day", New York Times, retrieved November 1, 2014
    29. ^ a b "Movie Theaters in Birmingham, AL". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
    30. ^ "Birmingham, Alabama: A city using theatres to reinvent itself", BBC News, April 12, 2019
    31. ^ "About". Birmingham: Community Food Bank of Central Alabama. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
    32. ^ "Alabama Food Banks". Food Bank Locator. Chicago: Feeding America. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
    33. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Birmingham Sister City Anniversary Dates". Birmingham Sister Cities. Archived from the original on March 2, 2017.
    34. ^ "History". Hoover, Alabama: Birmingham Islamic Society. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
    35. ^ Pluralism Project. "Birmingham, Alabama". Directory of Religious Centers. Harvard University. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
    36. ^ "Alabama". Official Congressional Directory. 1993. hdl:2027/uc1.l0072691827 – via Hathi Trust.
    37. ^ "City of Birmingham, Alabama". Archived from the original on October 30, 1996 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
    38. ^ "Alabama". CJR's Guide to Online News Startups. New York: Columbia Journalism Review. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
    39. ^ "Organization Directory". Birmingham365.org. Create Birmingham. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
    40. ^ "Birmingham (city), Alabama". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 11, 2012. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
    41. ^ "Alabama". Official Congressional Directory. Government Printing Office. 2011. ISBN 978-0-16-088653-9.
    42. ^ "When a State Balks at a City's Minimum Wage", New York Times, February 21, 2016
    43. ^ "USFL is set to return in 2022, bringing back the Birmingham Stallions", The Tuscaloosa News, November 22, 2021
    44. ^ "World Games Birmingham 2022: 13,000 foreign visitors from 40 countries are here", al.com, July 7, 2022
    45. ^ "Four dead and 18 hurt in Alabama mass shooting". British Broadcasting Corporation News. September 22, 2024. Retrieved September 22, 2024.

    Bibliography

    [edit]

    Published in 19th century

    [edit]

    Published in 20th century

    [edit]
    • Code of City of Birmingham, Alabama. 1917.
    • "Birmingham". Automobile Blue Book. USA. 1919.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
    • Cruikshank, A History of Birmingham and Its Environs (2 vols., Chicago, 1920)
    • Thomas McAdory Owen (1921), "Birmingham", History of Alabama and Dictionary of Alabama Biography, Chicago: S.J. Clarke, OCLC 1872130
    • Harrison A. Trexler, "Birmingham's Struggle with Commission Government," National Municipal Review, XIV (November 1925)
    • George R. Leighton, "Birmingham, Alabama: The City of Perpetual Promise," Harper's Magazine, CLXXV (August 1937)
    • Federal Writers' Project (1941), Alabama; a Guide to the Deep South, American Guide Series, New York: Hastings House, hdl:2027/uc1.b4469723 – via Hathi Trust
    • Florence H. W. Moss, Building Birmingham and Jefferson County (Birmingham, Ala.: Birmingham Printing Company, 1947)
    • John C. Henley, Jr., This Is Birmingham: The Story of the Founding and Growth of an American City. 1960.
    • Paul B. Worthman, "Black Workers and Labor Unions in Birmingham, Alabama, 1897-1904," Labor History, 10 (Summer 1969)
    • Paul B. Worthman, "Working Class Mobility in Birmingham, Alabama, 1880-1914," in Anonymous Americans: Explorations in Nineteenth-Century Social History, ed. Tamara K. Hareven (Englewood Cliffs, 1971)
    • Blaine A. Brownell (1972), "Birmingham, Alabama: New South City in the 1920s", Journal of Southern History, 38 (1): 21–48, doi:10.2307/2206652, JSTOR 2206652
    • McMillan, Malcolm C. Yesterday's Birmingham. Miami: E.A. Seeman Publishing, 1975.
    • Ory Mazar Nergal, ed. (1980), "Birmingham, AL", Encyclopedia of American Cities, New York: E.P. Dutton, OL 4120668M
    • Robert P. Ingalls (1981), "Antiradical Violence in Birmingham During the 1930s", Journal of Southern History, 47 (4): 521–544, doi:10.2307/2207401, JSTOR 2207401
    • Valley and the Hills: An Illustrated History of Birmingham and Jefferson County. 1981
    • Robert J. Norrell (1986), "Caste in Steel: Jim Crow Careers in Birmingham, Alabama", Journal of American History, 73 (3): 669–694, doi:10.2307/1902982, JSTOR 1902982
    • Old Birmingham, OCLC 38508791 1991-
    • George Thomas Kurian (1994), "Birmingham, Alabama", World Encyclopedia of Cities, vol. 1: North America (United States A-M), Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, ISBN 978-0-87436-649-5 – via Open Library
    • Henry M. McKiven (1995). Iron and Steel: Class, Race, and Community in Birmingham, Alabama, 1875-1920. Univ of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-4524-0.
    • Alan Draper (1996), "New Southern Labor History Revisited: The Success of the Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers Union in Birmingham, 1934-1938", Journal of Southern History, 62 (1): 87–108, doi:10.2307/2211207, JSTOR 2211207
    • "The South: Alabama: Birmingham", USA, Let's Go, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999, OL 24937240M
    • Lynne B. Feldman, A Sense of Place: Birmingham's Black Middle Class Community, 1890-1930 (Tuscaloosa, 1999)

    Published in 21st century

    [edit]
    [edit]
    Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Birmingham, Alabama.
    • Jim Lewis. "Birmingham". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Alabama Humanities Foundation.
    • Items related to Birmingham, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)
    • "(City: Birmingham)". Alabama Repositories Directory. Alabama Department of Archives & History. A listing of public entities and private organizations holding historical records, artifacts, and other cultural heritage materials
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