聖城守衛

**聖城守衛**
	נטורי קרתא
	2005年英國「聖城守衛」成員參加反以色列示威
創始地	巴勒斯坦託管地耶路撒冷
類型	國際非政府組織
重要人物	摩西·貝爾·貝克（死於2021年）
網站	https://www.nkusa.org/

聖城守衛（亞蘭語：נָטוֹרֵי קַרְתָּא；英語：Neturei Karta）是一個哈雷迪猶太教中的一個邊緣少數團體^[2]，於1938年在耶路撒冷成立，總部位於以色列。

該團體反對在彌賽亞到來之前建立猶太國家^[3]，並認為以色列國的存在是「對上帝的反叛」^[4]^[5]，且只會引發戰爭傷亡及恐怖襲擊，因此反對以色列國及猶太復國事業。該團體在以色列境內的成員主要是立陶宛法利賽人，而以色列以外的成員則大多是哈西迪派。

該團體中的一些成員主張將以色列國「和平解體」，建立「從河到海」的阿拉伯巴勒斯坦國。他們以暴力活動聞名，被主流哈雷迪教派稱為「短劍黨」。

參考[编辑]

^ Neturei Karta Leader Moshe Ber Beck Dies In Monsey. The Yeshiva World. 16 April 2021 [16 April 2021].
^
Sources describing the group as fringe:
- Zamaret, Zvi. Judaism in Israel: Ben-Gurion's Private Beliefs and Public Policy. Israel Studies. Fall 1999, 4 (2): 78 [9 October 2023]. JSTOR 30245511. yet a few years later, women's suffrage was accepted by the entire Orthodox community (excluding Neturei Karata and similar fringe groups)
- Israeli Anti-Zionist Sentenced for Spying for Iran. Jewish Telegraphic Agency (The Forward). 2014-01-28 [9 October 2023]. Members of Neturei Karta, a fringe ultra-Orthodox sect in Israel, join a pro-Palestinian protest.
- Sterman, Adiv. Ultra-Orthodox 'Iran spy' sentenced to 4.5 years. Times of Israel. 2014-01-28 [9 October 2023]. Yitzhak Bergel, a member of the anti-Zionist fringe group Neturei Karta, confessed to initiating contact with Iranian officials
- Neturei Karta: What is it?. Anti-Defamation League. December 14, 2006. （原始内容存档于2012-10-29）. This miniscule group on the farthest fringes of Judaism advocates the "dismantling" of the State of Israel
- Goldman, Mordechai. Why these ultra-Orthodox Jews support the Palestinian cause. Al-Monitor. 2015-11-02 [9 October 2023]. A member of Neturei Karta, a fringe ultra-Orthodox Jewish movement within the anti-Zionist bloc, carries Palestinian flags during a rally marking the 10th anniversary of the death of late Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat, in the West Bank city of Ramallah
^ Judaism is not Zionism. www.nkusa.org. [2024-01-18].
^ Neturei Karta | ADL. www.adl.org. [2023-11-01] （英语）.
^ Neturei Karta. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. [2023-11-01].

延伸閱讀[编辑]

Yakov M. Rabkin, A Threat from Within: A Century of Jewish Opposition to Zionism. (Zed Books/Palgrave Macmillan, 2006) ISBN 1-84277-699-1
Menashe Darash, Neturei Karta Of Meah Shearim. Atnata 2010 ISBN 978-965-91505-0-2 (Hebrew language)

外部連結[编辑]

Neturei Karta International
INDC Protests: ANSWER, MASSF and Jews United Against Zionism
Neturei Karta vs the Zionists 美国广播公司国家广播电台（英语：ABC Radio National）

[1] Neturei Karta Leader Moshe Ber Beck Dies In Monsey. The Yeshiva World. 16 April 2021 [16 April 2021].

[Fringe-2] Sources describing the group as fringe:
Zamaret, Zvi. Judaism in Israel: Ben-Gurion's Private Beliefs and Public Policy. Israel Studies. Fall 1999, 4 (2): 78 [9 October 2023]. JSTOR 30245511. yet a few years later, women's suffrage was accepted by the entire Orthodox community (excluding Neturei Karata and similar fringe groups)

Israeli Anti-Zionist Sentenced for Spying for Iran. Jewish Telegraphic Agency (The Forward). 2014-01-28 [9 October 2023]. Members of Neturei Karta, a fringe ultra-Orthodox sect in Israel, join a pro-Palestinian protest.

Sterman, Adiv. Ultra-Orthodox 'Iran spy' sentenced to 4.5 years. Times of Israel. 2014-01-28 [9 October 2023]. Yitzhak Bergel, a member of the anti-Zionist fringe group Neturei Karta, confessed to initiating contact with Iranian officials

Neturei Karta: What is it?. Anti-Defamation League. December 14, 2006. （原始内容存档于2012-10-29）. This miniscule group on the farthest fringes of Judaism advocates the "dismantling" of the State of Israel

Goldman, Mordechai. Why these ultra-Orthodox Jews support the Palestinian cause. Al-Monitor. 2015-11-02 [9 October 2023]. A member of Neturei Karta, a fringe ultra-Orthodox Jewish movement within the anti-Zionist bloc, carries Palestinian flags during a rally marking the 10th anniversary of the death of late Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat, in the West Bank city of Ramallah

[3] Zamaret, Zvi. Judaism in Israel: Ben-Gurion's Private Beliefs and Public Policy. Israel Studies. Fall 1999, 4 (2): 78 [9 October 2023]. JSTOR 30245511. yet a few years later, women's suffrage was accepted by the entire Orthodox community (excluding Neturei Karata and similar fringe groups)

[4] Israeli Anti-Zionist Sentenced for Spying for Iran. Jewish Telegraphic Agency (The Forward). 2014-01-28 [9 October 2023]. Members of Neturei Karta, a fringe ultra-Orthodox sect in Israel, join a pro-Palestinian protest.

[5] Sterman, Adiv. Ultra-Orthodox 'Iran spy' sentenced to 4.5 years. Times of Israel. 2014-01-28 [9 October 2023]. Yitzhak Bergel, a member of the anti-Zionist fringe group Neturei Karta, confessed to initiating contact with Iranian officials

[6] Neturei Karta: What is it?. Anti-Defamation League. December 14, 2006. （原始内容存档于2012-10-29）. This miniscule group on the farthest fringes of Judaism advocates the "dismantling" of the State of Israel

[7] Goldman, Mordechai. Why these ultra-Orthodox Jews support the Palestinian cause. Al-Monitor. 2015-11-02 [9 October 2023]. A member of Neturei Karta, a fringe ultra-Orthodox Jewish movement within the anti-Zionist bloc, carries Palestinian flags during a rally marking the 10th anniversary of the death of late Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat, in the West Bank city of Ramallah

[3] Judaism is not Zionism. www.nkusa.org. [2024-01-18].

[4] Neturei Karta | ADL. www.adl.org. [2023-11-01] （英语）.

[5] Neturei Karta. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. [2023-11-01].

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]