There are at least four distinct but related alkaline phosphatases: intestinal, placental, placental-like, and liver/bone/kidney (tissue non-specific). The product of this gene is a membrane bound glycosylated enzyme, localized to testis, thymus and certain germ cell tumors, that is closely related to both the placental and intestinal forms of alkaline phosphatase.[1]
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Jemmerson R, Shah N, Takeya M, Fishman WH (January 1985). "Characterization of the placental alkaline phosphatase-like (Nagao) isozyme on the surface of A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells". Cancer Research. 45 (1): 282–7. PMID2578098.
Le Du MH, Stigbrand T, Taussig MJ, Menez A, Stura EA (March 2001). "Crystal structure of alkaline phosphatase from human placenta at 1.8 A resolution. Implication for a substrate specificity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (12): 9158–65. doi:10.1074/jbc.M009250200. PMID11124260.
Ben-Arie A, Hagay Z, Ben-Hur H, Open M, Dgani R (September 1999). "Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase may enable early diagnosis of ovarian cancer". European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 86 (1): 69–71. doi:10.1016/S0301-2115(99)00054-8. PMID10471145.
Goldstein DJ, Rogers C, Harris H (October 1982). "A search for trace expression of placental-like alkaline phosphatase in non-malignant human tissues: demonstration of its occurrence in lung, cervix, testis and thymus". Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry. 125 (1): 63–75. doi:10.1016/0009-8981(82)90046-8. PMID6814793.