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Addressin also known as mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MADCAM1 gene.[1][2][3]
Addressin is an extracellular protein of the endothelium of venules.
Addressins are the ligands to the homing receptors of lymphocytes.[4] The task of these ligands and their receptors is to determine which tissue the lymphocyte will enter next. They carry carbohydrates in order to be recognized by L-selectin.
The protein encoded by this gene is an endothelial cell adhesion molecule that interacts preferentially with the leukocyte beta7 integrin LPAM-1 (alpha4 / beta7), L-selectin, and VLA-4 (alpha4 / beta1) on myeloid cells to direct leukocytes into mucosal and inflamed tissues. It is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is similar to ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.[1]
In terms of migration, MADCAM is selectively expressed on mucosal endothelial cells, driving memory T-cell re-circulation through mucosal tissues. In contrast, and indeed the main difference between the two molecules, ICAM molecules are involved with naive T-cell re-circulation. Whereas MADCAM is selectively expressed, ICAM is broadly expressed on inflamed endothelium.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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