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Bladder cancer physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2] Shanshan Cen, M.D. [3]
Overview[edit | edit source]
Common physical examination findings of bladder cancer include cachexia, pallor, swelling in the lower extremities and a pelvic mass may be palpated. Swelling in the scrotum or vulva may be seen.
Physical Examination[edit | edit source]
Appearance of the Patient[edit | edit source]
Vital Signs[edit | edit source]
Skin[edit | edit source]
HEENT[edit | edit source]
- HEENT examination of patients with bladder cancer is usually normal.
Neck[edit | edit source]
- Neck examination of patients with bladder cancer is usually normal.
Lungs[edit | edit source]
- Pulmonary examination of patients with bladder cancer is usually normal.
Heart[edit | edit source]
- Cardiovascular examination of patients with bladder cancer is usually normal.
Abdomen[edit | edit source]
- Enlarged para-aortic lymph nodes or hepatic metastases
Genitourinary[edit | edit source]
Neuromuscular[edit | edit source]
- Neuromuscular examination of patients with bladder cancer is usually normal.
Extremities[edit | edit source]
- Swelling in the lower extremities
- Inguinal adenopathy
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Shephard EA, Stapley S, Neal RD, Rose P, Walter FM, Hamilton WT (September 2012). "Clinical features of bladder cancer in primary care". Br J Gen Pract. 62 (602): e598–604. doi:10.3399/bjgp12X654560. PMC 3426598. PMID 22947580.
- ↑ Gorin MA, Ayyathurai R, Soloway MS (May 2012). "Diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer: how can we improve?". Postgrad Med. 124 (3): 28–36. doi:10.3810/pgm.2012.05.2545. PMID 22691896.
- ↑ Reis H, Krafft U, Niedworok C, Módos O, Herold T, Behrendt M, Al-Ahmadie H, Hadaschik B, Nyirady P, Szarvas T (2018). "Biomarkers in Urachal Cancer and Adenocarcinomas in the Bladder: A Comprehensive Review Supplemented by Own Data". Dis. Markers. 2018: 7308168. doi:10.1155/2018/7308168. PMID 29721106.
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