Resident Survival Guide |
Congestive Heart Failure Microchapters |
Pathophysiology |
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Differentiating Congestive heart failure from other Diseases |
Diagnosis |
Treatment |
Medical Therapy: |
Surgical Therapy: |
ACC/AHA Guideline Recommendations
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Specific Groups: |
Congestive heart failure risk factors On the Web |
Directions to Hospitals Treating Congestive heart failure risk factors |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Congestive heart failure risk factors |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Saleh El Dassouki, M.D. [3]; Atif Mohammad, M.D.
Several risk factors may predispose to heart failure. These risk factors can be demographic, genetic, associated with lifestyle or medications.
Common risk factors associated with heart failure include:
Risk factors for heart failure | Prevention strategies |
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Sedentary habit | Regular physical activity |
Cigarette smoking | Cigarette smoking cessation |
Obesity | Physical activity and healthy diet |
Excessive alcohol intake | General population: no/light alcohol
intake is beneficial, avoiding alcohol in Patients with alcohol-induced CMP |
Influenza | Influenza vaccination |
Microbes (Trypanosoma cruzi, Streptococci) | Early diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy |
Cardiotoxic drugs (anthracyclines) | Cardiac function and side effect monitoring, dose adaptation, change of chemotherapy |
Chest radiation | Cardiac function and side effect monitoring, dose adaptation |
Hypertension | Life style modification, antihypertensive drugs |
Hyperlipidemia | Healthy diet, statins |
Diabetes mellitus | Physical activities, healthy diet, SGLT2 inhibitors |
Coronary artery disease | Life style modification, statins |
The above table adopted from 2021 ESC Guideline |
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