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Dyspnea with Stridor

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]


Abbreviations: ABG (arterial blood gas); ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme); BMI (body mass index); CBC (complete blood count); CSF (cerebrospinal fluid); CXR (chest X-ray); ECG (electrocardiogram); FEF (forced expiratory flow rate); FEV1 (forced expiratory volume); FVC (forced vital capacity); JVD (jugular vein distention); MCV (mean corpuscular volume); Plt (platelet); RV (residual volume); SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone); TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone); Vt (tidal volume); WBC (white blood cell);

Diseases Clinical manifestations Diagnosis Other features
Symptoms Physical exam
Loss of consciousness Agitation Weight loss Fever Chest pain Cough Cyanosis Clubbing JVD Peripheral edema Auscultation CBC ABG Imaging Spirometry Gold standard
Croup[1] - + - +/- - + + - - - Stridor ↑WBC Normal Steeple sign Normal Physical exam Barking cough
Epiglottitis[2] - + - + - + - - - - Stridor ↑WBC Normal Thumb sign Normal Laryngoscopy Drooling
Vocal cord dysfunction[3] - - - - - +/- - - - - Stridor Normal Normal Normal ↓ FVC Laryngoscopy Choking sensation
Laryngeal adenocarcinoma[4] - - + - - +/- - - - - Stridor Normal ↓O2, ↑CO2 Retropharyngeal tissue thickness Normal Laryngoscopy Choking sensation
Tracheal stenosis[5] - - - - +/- +/- + + - - Stridor, Stertorous Normal ↓O2, ↑CO2 Soft tissue thickening internal to normal-appearing tracheal cartilage Normal Bronchoscopy Respiratory distress

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Bjornson CL, Johnson DW (2013). "Croup in children". CMAJ. 185 (15): 1317–23. doi:10.1503/cmaj.121645. PMC 3796596. PMID 23939212.
  2. ↑ Negus VE (1927). "The Function of the Epiglottis". J Anat. 62 (Pt 1): 1–8. PMC 1250045. PMID 17104162.
  3. ↑ Wood RP, Milgrom H (September 1996). "Vocal cord dysfunction". J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 98 (3): 481–5. PMID 8828523.
  4. ↑ Schwenk NR, Schapira RM, Byrd JC (November 1994). "Laryngeal carcinoma presenting as platypnea". Chest. 106 (5): 1609–11. PMID 7956433.
  5. ↑ Conti V, Calia N, Pasquini C, Zardi S, Finetti C, Stomeo F, Ravenna F (April 2013). "[Chronic cough and worsening dyspnea: a case of idiopathic tracheal stenosis]". Recenti Prog Med (in Italian). 104 (4): 156–8. doi:10.1701/1271.14026. PMID 23748638.
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