IMPROVE and IMPROVEDD scores for venous thromboembolism
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby, M.D. [2] Anmol Pitliya, M.B.B.S. M.D.[3]
To see a risk calculator according to IMPROVEDD scores, click here.
To see a risk calculator according to IMPROVE scores, click here.
Overview[edit | edit source]
The IMPROVE score for venous thromboembolism (VTE) assesses the risk of VTE among hospitalized medical patients. The IMPROVE predictive score for VTE includes 4 independent risk factors for VTE which are present at admission. The IMPROVE associative score for VTE includes 7 variables present either at admission or during hospitalization; however, the timing of the presence of some of the factors compared to the onset of VTE was not available. The IMPROVEDD score adds D-dimer as a recognized risk factor to the conventional IMPROVE associative score which includes 7 variables present either at admission or during hospitalization.
IMPROVE-DD score for VTE risk stratification[edit | edit source]
The IMPROVEDD VTE risk score assesses the risk of VTE among hospitalized medical patients. The IMPROVEDD score adds D-dimer as a recognized risk factor to the conventional IMPROVE associative score which includes 7 variables present either at admission or during hospitalization; however the timing of the presence of some of the factors compared to the onset of VTE is not available.[1]
Calculation of the IMPROVEDD Associative Score[edit | edit source]
| Variable | Score[1] |
| Prior episode of VTE | 3 |
| Thrombophilia | 2 |
| Paralysis of the lower extremity during the hospitalization | 2 |
| Current malignancy | 2 |
| D-dimer ≥ 2x Upper Limit of Normal (ULN) | 2 |
| Immobilization for at least 7 days | 1 |
| ICU or CCU admission | 1 |
| Age more than 60 years | 1 |
Interpretation of the IMPROVEDD Associative Score[edit | edit source]
| Score | Predicted VTE risk through 42 days[1] |
| 0 | 0.4% |
| 1 | 0.6% |
| 2 | 0.8% |
| 3 | 1.2% |
| 4 | 1.6% |
| 5-10 | 2.2% |
| Score | Predicted VTE risk through 77 days[1] |
| 0 | 0.5% |
| 1 | 0.7% |
| 2 | 1.0% |
| 3 | 1.4% |
| 4 | 1.9% |
| 5-10 | 2.7% |
IMPROVE Associative Score for VTE[edit | edit source]
IMPROVE associative risk score assesses the risk of VTE among hospitalized medical patients. While the IMPROVE predictive score includes 4 independent risk factors for VTE which are present at admission, IMPROVE associative score includes 7 variables present either at admission or during hospitalization; however the timing of the presence of some of the factors compared to the onset of VTE is not available.[2]
Calculation of the IMPROVE Associative Score[edit | edit source]
| Variable | Score[2] |
| Prior episode of VTE | 3 |
| Thrombophilia | 2 |
| Paralysis of the lower extremity during the hospitalization | 2 |
| Current malignancy | 2 |
| Immobilization for at least 7 days | 1 |
| ICU or CCU admission | 1 |
| Age more than 60 years | 1 |
Interpretation of the IMPROVE Associative Score[edit | edit source]
| Score | Predicted VTE risk through 3 months[2] |
| 0 | 0.4% |
| 1 | 0.6% |
| 2 | 1.0% |
| 3 | 1.7% |
| 4 | 2.9% |
| 5-10 | 7.2% |
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "The IMPROVEDD VTE Risk Score: Incorporation of D-Dimer into the IMPROVE Score to Improve Venous Thromboembolism Risk Stratification". doi:10.1055/s-0037-160392910.1055/s-0037-1603929.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Spyropoulos AC, Anderson FA, Fitzgerald G, Decousus H, Pini M, Chong BH; et al. (2011). "Predictive and associative models to identify hospitalized medical patients at risk for VTE". Chest. 140 (3): 706–14. doi:10.1378/chest.10-1944. PMID 21436241.
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