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Influenza differential diagnosis On the Web |
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For more information about non-human (variant) influenza viruses that may be transmitted to humans, see Zoonotic influenza
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [2]
Influenza should be differentiated from other conditions that cause fever, cough, myalgias, headache and fatigue, such as RSV infection, dengue fever, parainfluenza virus infection, ebola infection adenovirus infection, rhinovirus infection, and legionella infection.
Influenza should be differentiated from the following diseases or pathogens that cause upper or lower respiratory disease or flu-like symptoms:[1][2]
Symptoms | Flu | Common Cold |
---|---|---|
Fever | High fever (100-102° F) | Rare |
Headache | Common | Rare |
Cough | Common, moderate to severe | Mild to moderate |
Body aches | Common, may be severe | Slight |
Fatigue | Usual, can last up to 2-3 weeks | Sometimes |
Nasal congestion | Sometimes | Common |
Sneezing | Sometimes | Common |
Sore throat | Sometimes | Common |
Adapted from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [3] |
Disease | Clinical Manifestations | Lab findings | Imaging findings | Main treatment | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cough | Sputum | Dyspnea | Sore throat | Headache | Confusion | Diarrhea | Hyponatremia | Leukopenia | Abnormal Liver function tests | |||
Influenza | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | +/- | +/- | - | - | - |
|
Zanamivir, oseltamivir |
Psittacosis | ++ | - | + | - | +++ | + | Minimal | - | + | - |
|
Doxycycline |
C.pneumoniae pneumonia | + | + | + | +++ | ++ | + | - | - | - | - |
|
Doxycycline, azithromycin |
M. pneumoniae pneumonia | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
|
Doxycycline |
L. pneumophila infection | + | +++ | +++ | - | + | ++ | + | ++ | + | ++ |
|
Doxycycline |
Endocarditis | ++ | ++ | + | - | - | - | - | - | +/- | +/- |
|
Vancomycin |
Coxiella burnetii infection | ++ | - | + | +/- | - | +/- | Minimal | - | +/- | +/- |
|
Doxycycline |
Leptospirosis | ++ | + | ++ | + | + | ++ | - | +++ |
|
Doxycycline, azithromycin, amoxicillin | ||
Brucellosis | ++ | - | + | - | ++ | + | - | +/- | +/- | +/- |
|
Doxycycline, rifampin |
Key;
+: Occurs in some cases
++: Occurs in many cases
+++: Occurs frequently