Isotopes of lead

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Lead (Pb) has four stable isotopes - ²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁶Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb, ²⁰⁸Pb and one common radiogenic isotope ²⁰²Pb with a half-life of ~53,000 years. The standard atomic mass is 207.2(1) u. It is the heaviest discovered element to have a stable isotope. (The more massive ²⁰⁹Bi, long considered to be stable, actually has a half-life of 1.9×10¹⁹ years)

Isotopes of lead occurring within the radioactive disintegration chains of actinium, radium, and thorium were known as

radium G: ²⁰⁶Pb
actinium D: ²⁰⁷Pb
thorium D: ²⁰⁸Pb
radium D, radio-lead or radiolead: ²¹⁰Pb
actinium B: ²¹¹Pb
thorium B: ²¹²Pb
radium B: ²¹⁴Pb

²⁰⁶Pb being the end of the Uranium/Radium series from U-238.

²⁰⁷Pb being the end of the Actinium series from U-235.

²⁰⁸Pb being the end of the Thorium series from Th-232.

Table[edit | edit source]

nuclide symbol	Z(p)	N(n)	isotopic mass (u)	half-life	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
nuclide symbol	excitation energy			half-life	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
¹⁷⁸Pb	82	96	178.003830(26)	0.23(15) ms	0+
¹⁷⁹Pb	82	97	179.00215(21)#	3# ms	5/2-#
¹⁸⁰Pb	82	98	179.997918(22)	4.5(11) ms	0+
¹⁸¹Pb	82	99	180.99662(10)	45(20) ms	5/2-#
¹⁸²Pb	82	100	181.992672(15)	60(40) ms [55(+40-35) ms]	0+
¹⁸³Pb	82	101	182.99187(3)	535(30) ms	(3/2-)
^183mPb	94(8) keV			415(20) ms	(13/2+)
¹⁸⁴Pb	82	102	183.988142(15)	490(25) ms	0+
¹⁸⁵Pb	82	103	184.987610(17)	6.3(4) s	3/2-
^185mPb	60(40)# keV			4.07(15) s	13/2+
¹⁸⁶Pb	82	104	185.984239(12)	4.82(3) s	0+
¹⁸⁷Pb	82	105	186.983918(9)	15.2(3) s	(3/2-)
^187mPb	11(11) keV			18.3(3) s	(13/2+)
¹⁸⁸Pb	82	106	187.980874(11)	25.5(1) s	0+
^188m1Pb	2578.2(7) keV			830(210) ns	(8-)
^188m2Pb	2800(50) keV			797(21) ns
¹⁸⁹Pb	82	107	188.98081(4)	51(3) s	(3/2-)
^189mPb	40(30)# keV			1# min	(13/2+)
¹⁹⁰Pb	82	108	189.978082(13)	71(1) s	0+
^190m1Pb	2614.8(8) keV			150 ns	(10)+
^190m2Pb	2618(20) keV			25 µs	(12+)
^190m3Pb	2658.2(8) keV			7.2(6) µs	(11)-
¹⁹¹Pb	82	109	190.97827(4)	1.33(8) min	(3/2-)
^191mPb	20(50) keV			2.18(8) min	13/2(+)
¹⁹²Pb	82	110	191.975785(14)	3.5(1) min	0+
^192m1Pb	2581.1(1) keV			164(7) ns	(10)+
^192m2Pb	2625.1(11) keV			1.1(5) µs	(12+)
^192m3Pb	2743.5(4) keV			756(21) ns	(11)-
¹⁹³Pb	82	111	192.97617(5)	5# min	(3/2-)
^193m1Pb	130(80)# keV			5.8(2) min	13/2(+)
^193m2Pb	2612.5(5)+X keV			135(+25-15) ns	(33/2+)
¹⁹⁴Pb	82	112	193.974012(19)	12.0(5) min	0+
¹⁹⁵Pb	82	113	194.974542(25)	~15 min	3/2#-
^195m1Pb	202.9(7) keV			15.0(12) min	13/2+
^195m2Pb	1759.0(7) keV			10.0(7) µs	21/2-
¹⁹⁶Pb	82	114	195.972774(15)	37(3) min	0+
^196m1Pb	1049.20(9) keV			<100 ns	2+
^196m2Pb	1738.27(12) keV			<1 µs	4+
^196m3Pb	1797.51(14) keV			140(14) ns	5-
^196m4Pb	2693.5(5) keV			270(4) ns	(12+)
¹⁹⁷Pb	82	115	196.973431(6)	8.1(17) min	3/2-
^197m1Pb	319.31(11) keV			42.9(9) min	13/2+
^197m2Pb	1914.10(25) keV			1.15(20) µs	21/2-
¹⁹⁸Pb	82	116	197.972034(16)	2.4(1) h	0+
^198m1Pb	2141.4(4) keV			4.19(10) µs	(7)-
^198m2Pb	2231.4(5) keV			137(10) ns	(9)-
^198m3Pb	2820.5(7) keV			212(4) ns	(12)+
¹⁹⁹Pb	82	117	198.972917(28)	90(10) min	3/2-
^199m1Pb	429.5(27) keV			12.2(3) min	(13/2+)
^199m2Pb	2563.8(27) keV			10.1(2) µs	(29/2-)
²⁰⁰Pb	82	118	199.971827(12)	21.5(4) h	0+
²⁰¹Pb	82	119	200.972885(24)	9.33(3) h	5/2-
^201m1Pb	629.14(17) keV			61(2) s	13/2+
^201m2Pb	2718.5+X keV			508(5) ns	(29/2-)
²⁰²Pb	82	120	201.972159(9)	52.5(28)E+3 a	0+
^202m1Pb	2169.83(7) keV			3.53(1) h	9-
^202m2Pb	4142.9(11) keV			110(5) ns	(16+)
^202m3Pb	5345.9(13) keV			107(5) ns	(19-)
²⁰³Pb	82	121	202.973391(7)	51.873(9) h	5/2-
^203m1Pb	825.20(9) keV			6.21(8) s	13/2+
^203m2Pb	2949.47(22) keV			480(7) ms	29/2-
^203m3Pb	2923.4+X keV			122(4) ns	(25/2-)
²⁰⁴Pb	82	122	203.9730436(13)	STABLE [>140E+15 a]	0+	0.014(1)	0.0104-0.0165
^204m1Pb	1274.00(4) keV			265(10) ns	4+
^204m2Pb	2185.79(5) keV			67.2(3) min	9-
^204m3Pb	2264.33(4) keV			0.45(+10-3) µs	7-
²⁰⁵Pb	82	123	204.9744818(13)	15.3(7)E+6 a	5/2-
^205m1Pb	2.329(7) keV			24.2(4) µs	1/2-
^205m2Pb	1013.839(13) keV			5.55(2) ms	13/2+
^205m3Pb	3195.7(5) keV			217(5) ns	25/2-
²⁰⁶Pb	82	124	205.9744653(13)	STABLE	0+	0.241(1)	0.2084-0.2748
^206m1Pb	2200.14(4) keV			125(2) µs	7-
^206m2Pb	4027.3(7) keV			202(3) ns	12+
²⁰⁷Pb	82	125	206.9758969(13)	STABLE	1/2-	0.221(1)	0.1762-0.2365
^207mPb	1633.368(5) keV			806(6) ms	13/2+
²⁰⁸Pb	82	126	207.9766521(13)	STABLE [>2E+19 a]	0+	0.524(1)	0.5128-0.5621
^208mPb	4895(2) keV			500(10) ns	10+
²⁰⁹Pb	82	127	208.9810901(19)	3.253(14) h	9/2+
²¹⁰Pb	82	128	209.9841885(16)	22.20(22) a	0+
^210mPb	1278(5) keV			201(17) ns	8+
²¹¹Pb	82	129	210.9887370(29)	36.1(2) min	9/2+
²¹²Pb	82	130	211.9918975(24)	10.64(1) h	0+
^212mPb	1335(10) keV			5(1) µs	(8+)
²¹³Pb	82	131	212.996581(8)	10.2(3) min	(9/2+)
²¹⁴Pb	82	132	213.9998054(26)	26.8(9) min	0+
²¹⁵Pb	82	133	215.00481(44)#	36(1) s	5/2+#

Notes[edit | edit source]

Evaluated isotopic composition is for most but not all commercial samples.
The precision of the isotope abundances and atomic mass is limited through variations. The given ranges should be applicable to any normal terrestrial material.
Geologically exceptional samples are known in which the isotopic composition lies outside the reported range. The uncertainty in the atomic mass may exceed the stated value for such specimens.
Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties.

References[edit | edit source]

Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005).
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.

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