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List of paraphilias

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This article is a list of paraphilias, defined as powerful and persistent sexual interest other than in copulatory or precopulatory behavior with phenotypically normal, consenting adult human partners.[1] Some paraphilias have more than one term to describe them, and some terms overlap with others. Paraphilias without DSM codes listed come under DSM 302.9, "Paraphilia NOS (Not Otherwise Specified)". A recent scientific source lists as many as 547 paraphilias.[2]

Paraphilias[edit | edit source]

Formal name Attraction to ___ Refs / see also DSM code[3]
Abasiophilia physically disabled people, leg braces, etc
Agalmatophilia statues, mannequins, immobility [4]
Acrotomophilia amputees [5][6]
Andromimetophilia female-to-male transsexuals [5][7]
Apotemnophilia being an amputee [5][8]
Asphyxiophilia strangulation of oneself, loss of control of one's own breathing [5]
Autagonistophilia being on stage or on camera [9][10]
Autassassinophilia staging one's own murder [5]
Autoerotic asphyxiation self-induced asphyxiation, sometimes to the point of near unconsciousness [10]
Autoandrophilia being male [11][12]
Autogynephilia being female [13]
Autonepiophilia being an infant [9]
Autopedophilia being prepubescent [14]
Biastophilia assault and rape [5]
Chremastistophilia being robbed or held [9]
Chronophilia partners of a widely differing chronological age [9]
Coprophilia feces [15][16]
Cratophilia strength [17]
Dendrophilia Trees [5]
Diaperism diapers [5]
Emetophilia vomit [7]
Erotic asphyxia asphyxia of oneself or others [18]
Erotophonophilia murder [5]
Exhibitionism exposing oneself sexually to others; variantly with or without their consent [16] 303.4
Fetishism nonliving objects [16] 302.81
Formicophilia insects, small animals, etc. [19][9]
Frotteurism rubbing against a non-consenting person [16] 302.89
Gerontophilia old people [20]
Gynandromorphophilia women with penises, men cross-dressed as women, or male-to-female transsexuals [21][22]
Gynemimetophilia male-to-female transsexuals [5][22]
Hebephilia pubescent children [23][24]
Homeovestism wearing clothing emblematic of one's own sex [25][26]
Hybristophilia criminals, particularly for cruel or outrageous crimes [9][27]
Infantophilia children five years old or younger [28]
Paraphilic infantilism being a baby [16]
Kleptophilia, kleptolagnia stealing [22]
Klismaphilia enemas [22][16]
Lactaphilia human breast milk [17]
Macrophilia giants, primarily domination by giant women [17]
Mammaphilia, mammagynophilia, mastofact female breasts [17]
Masochism suffering, e.g. being humiliated, beaten, bound, etc. [16] 302.83
Menophilia menstruation [17]
Morphophilia some particular body shape and size [10]
Mucophilia human mucus [17]
Mysophilia dirtiness, e.g. soiled or decaying things [22]
Narratophilia obscenity [22]
Nasophilia noses [17]
Necrophilia corpses, dead people [29][16]
Nepiophilia infants [9]
Olfactophilia smells [22][9][7]
Partialism particular non-genital body part(s) [22][16]
Peodeiktophilia exposing one's penis [5]
Pedophilia, paedophilia prepubescent children [16][30] 302.2
Pedovestism dressing like a child [14]
Pictophilia pornography or erotic art, particularly pictures [22][9]
Podophilia feet [17]
Sadism causing pain [16] 302.84
Salirophilia soiling others [22]
Scatophilia feces [17]
Scoptophilia, scopophilia watching others being sexual [10]
Raptophilia committing rape [9]
Somnophilia sleeping or unconscious people [22][9]
Sthenolagnia strength or muscles [17]
Stigmatophilia piercings and tattoos [5][17]
Symphorophilia disasters [5]
Telephone scatologia, Telephonicophilia obscene phone calls, particularly to strangers [16][9]
Transvestic fetishism, transvestism clothing associated with the opposite sex [16][31] 302.3
Transvestophilia cross-dressed partner [9]
Trichophilia hair [17]
Troilism, triolism watching one's partner have sex with someone else, possibly without the third party's knowledge [10][32]
Urophagia drinking urine [7]
Urophilia urine, particularly urinating in public, urinating on others, and being urinated on by others [16][10][9][7]
Vampirism drawing or drinking blood [33][34]
Vorarephilia eating or being eaten by others; usually swallowed whole, in one piece Macrophilia, [35]
Voyeurism watching others be sexual or naked, particularly without their knowledge [16] 302.82
Zoophilia animals (actual, not anthropomorphic) [9][7][22][16]
Zoosadism animals' pain [36]

Technical terms for non-paraphilic sexual interests[edit | edit source]

  • Ephebophilia: Sexual attraction towards individuals in mid- to late adolescence,[38] typically ages 15-19.[24]
  • Polyamory: Interest in maintaining multiple sexual relationships

Ex-paraphilias[edit | edit source]

The following were at one point considered paraphilias by mainstream psychology, but are no longer:

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Cantor, J. M., Blanchard, R., & Barbaree, H. E. (2009). Sexual disorders. In P. H. Blaney & T. Millon (Eds.), Oxford textbook of psychopathology (2nd ed.) (pp. 527–548). New York: Oxford University Press.
  2. ↑ Aggrawal, Anil (2009). Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 1420043080. Unknown parameter |curly= ignored (help) - pages 369-82
  3. ↑ DSM-IV Codes#Paraphilias
  4. ↑ Scobie, A., & Taylor, J. (1975). Perversions ancient and modern: I. Agalmatophilia, the statue syndrome. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 11, 49-54.
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 Money, J. (1984). Paraphilias: Phenomenology and classification. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 38, 164-178.
  6. ↑ Money, J., & Simcoe, K. W. (1986). Acrotomophilia, sex, and disability: New concepts and case report. Sexuality and Disability, 7, 43-50.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Milner, J. S., Dopke, C. A., & Crouch, J. L. (2008). Paraphilia Not Otherwise Specified. In D. R. Laws and W. T. O'Donohue (Eds.), Sexual deviance: Theory, assessment, and treatment (2nd ed.) (pp. 384-418). New York: Guilford.
  8. ↑ Money, J. (1977). Apotemnophilia: Two cases of self-demand amputation as a paraphilia. Journal of Sex Research, 13, 115-125.
  9. ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 Money, J. (1986). Lovemaps: Clinical concepts of sexual/erotic he3alth and pathology, poaraphilia, and gender transposition in childhood, adolescence, and maturity. New York: Irvington Publishers
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Seto, M. C., & Barbaree, H. E. Paraphilias. (2000). In V. B. van Hasselt & M. Hersen (Eds.), Aggression and violence: An introductory text (pp. 198-213).
  11. ↑ Dickey, R., & Stephens, J. (1995). Female-to-male transsexualism, heterosexual type: Two cases. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 26, 439-445.
  12. ↑ Lawrence, A. A. (2009). Anatomic autoandrophilia in an adult male. Archives of Sexual Behavior. DOI 10.1007/s10508-008-9446-6
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Blanchard, R. (1989). The concept of autogynephilia and the typology of male gender dysphoria. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 177, 616–623.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Lawrence, A. A. (2006). Clinical and theoretical parallels between desire for limb amputation and gender identity disorder. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35, 263-278.
  15. ↑ Xavier, C. M. (1955). Coprophilia: A clinical study. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 28, 188-190.
  16. ↑ 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 16.11 16.12 16.13 16.14 16.15 American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
  17. ↑ 17.00 17.01 17.02 17.03 17.04 17.05 17.06 17.07 17.08 17.09 17.10 17.11 Scorolli, C., Ghirlanda, S., Enquist, M., Zattoni, S., & Jannini, E. A. (2007). Relative prevalence of different fetishes. International Journal of Impotence Research, 19, 432–437.
  18. ↑ Blanchard, R., & Hucker, S. J. (1991). Age, transvestism, bondage, and concurrent paraphilic activities in 117 fatal cases of autoerotic asphyxia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 371-377.
  19. ↑ Dewaraja, R. (1987). Formicophilia, an unusual paraphilia, treated with counseling and behavior therapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 41, 593-577.
  20. ↑ Hirschfeld, M. (1920). Die homosexualität des mannes und des weibes [Homosexuality in men and women] (2nd ed.). Berlin: Louis Marcus.
  21. ↑ Blanchard, R., & Collins, P. I. (1993). Men with sexual interest in transvestites, transsexuals, and she males. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 181, 570–575.
  22. ↑ 22.00 22.01 22.02 22.03 22.04 22.05 22.06 22.07 22.08 22.09 22.10 22.11 Milner, J. S., & Dopke, C. A. (1997). Paraphilia Not Otherwise Specified: Psychopathology and theory. In D. R. Laws and W. O'Donohue (Eds.), Sexual deviance: Theory, assessment, and treatment. New York: Guilford.
  23. ↑ Glueck, B. C., Jr. (1955). Final report: Research project for the study and treatment of persons convicted of crimes involving sexual aberrations. June 1962 to June 1955. New York: New York State Department of Mental Hygiene.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Blanchard, R. Blanchard, R., Lykins, A. D., Wherrett, D., Kuban, M. E., Cantor, J. M., Blak, T., Dickey, R., & Klassen, P. E. (2008). Pedophilia, hebephilia, and the DSM–V. Archives of Sexual Behavior. DOI 10.1007/s10508-008-9399-9.
  25. ↑ Zavitzianos, G. (1972). Homeovestism: Perverse form of behaviour involving wearing clothes of the same sex. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 53, 471-477.
  26. ↑ Zavitzianos, G. (1977). The object in fetishism, homeovestism and transvestism. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 58, 487-495.
  27. ↑ Sharma, B. R. (2003). Disorders of sexual preference and medicolegal issues thereof. American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology, 24, 277-282.
  28. ↑ Greenberg, D. M., Bradford, J., & Curry, S. (1995). Infantophilia: A new subcategory of pedophilia?: A preliminary study. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 23, 63-71.
  29. ↑ Rosman, J. P., & Resnick, P. J. (1989). Sexual attraction to corpses: A psychiatric review of necrophilia. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 17, 153-163.
  30. ↑ Krafft-Ebing, R. von. (1886). Psychopathia sexualis: A medico-forensic study (1965 trans by H. E. Wedeck). New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.
  31. ↑ Hirschfeld, M. (1910). Die tranvestiten [Transvestites]. Berlin: Alfred Pulvermacher.
  32. ↑ Wernik, U. (1990). The nature of explanation in sexology and the riddle of triolism. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 3, 5-20.
  33. ↑ Vanden Bergh, R. L., & Kelly, J. F. (1964). Vampirism: A review with new observations. Archives of General Psychiatry, 11, 543-547.
  34. ↑ Prins, H. (1985). Vampirism—A clinical condition. British Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 666-668.
  35. ↑ Brundage, Sandy (July 31, 2002). "Fetish Confessions". The Wave Magazine. 2 (15). Retrieved 2007-04-30. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  36. ↑ Williams, C. J., & Weinberg, M. S. (2003). Zoophilia in Men: A study of sexual interest in animals. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32, 523-535.
  37. ↑ Blanchard, R. (1989). The classification and labelling of nonhomosexual gender dysphorias. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 18, 315–334.
  38. ↑ Krafft-Ebing, R., & Moll, A. (1924). Psychopathia sexualis. Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke.
  39. ↑ Blanchard, R., Barbaree, H. E., Bogaert, A. F., Dickey, R., Klassen, P., Kuban, M. E., & Zucker, K. J. (2000). Fraternal birth order and sexual orientation in pedophiles. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 29, 463–478.
  40. ↑ Hutchinson GE (1959). A speculative consideration of certain possible forms of sexual selection in man. American Naturalist, Vol 93, no. 869 (March/April 1959, pp. 81-91
  41. ↑ Kleinplatz, Peggy (New Directions in Sex Therapy. Psychology Press, ISBN 9780876309674
  42. ↑ Kafka MP (1996). Therapy for Sexual Impulsivity: The Paraphilias and Paraphilia-Related Disorders. Psychiatric Times Vol. 13 No. 6

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