Multiple sclerosis risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D.,

Common risk factors in the development of multiple sclerosis are smoking, genetic, ethnic, infection, low vitamin D, and stress. Less common risk factors in the development of multiple sclerosis include African Americans, Mexicans, Japanese, Chinese and Filipinos race and Epstein-Barr virus.

• Common risk factors in the development of multiple sclerosis include:
  • Smoking: Various studies show that smoking, beside cardiovascular diseases and cancer, can be a risk factor of multiple sclerosis.^[1][2]
  • Genetic: Studies demonstrate that MS has a strong genetic base. The first degree family of a MS patient is at a 10-25 times greater risk than normal population, so genetically susceptible people are more likely to develop MS disease.^[3][4]
  • Gender: Prevalence of MS disease is higher in female. This can be hormone related or more susceptibility to environmental risk factors.^[5][6]
  • Vitamin D: Low vitamin D level seems to be a risk factor for developing MS since the prevalence of MS is lower in regions where people take vitamin D supplement or have higher sunlight exposure.^[7][8]
  • Stress: Stressful life events can be a risk factor for MS disease. In patients who already have MS, stress and anxiety can lead to exacerbation of their disease.^[9][10]

• Less common risk factors in the development of multiple sclerosis include:
  • Ethnic: MS prevalence is lower in African Americans, Mexicans, Japanese, Chinese and Filipinos people rather than white men.^[11]
  • Epstein-Barr virus: Patients affected with Epstein-Barr virus seems to be more susceptible to developing MS. Studies shows that high titre of EBV antibodies is a risk factor for MS disease.^[12][13]

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