style="background:#Template:Taxobox colour;"|Providencia | ||||||||||||
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Providencia alcalifaciens
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style="background:#Template:Taxobox colour;" | Scientific classification | ||||||||||||
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Species | ||||||||||||
P. stuartii |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Providencia is a Gram negative, motile bacterium of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Some strains (P. stuartii, for example) are opportunistic pathogens in humans and can cause urinary tract infections, particularly in patients with long-term indwelling urinary catheters or extensive severe burns. Other strains (for example P. burhodogranariea and P. sneebia) are found in the haemolymph of Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies. Some strains are sensitive to ampicillin.
Providencia stuartii is the most common Providencia species capable of causing human infections. Providencia stuartii is an opportunistic pathogen seen in patients with severe burns or long-term indwelling urinary catheters. This puts elderly individuals at a greater risk for P. stuartii infections. In animals P. stuartii infections can cause neonatal diarrhea due to P. stuartii infection in dairy cows. In humans, P. stuartii can be isolated from urine (most common), stool, and blood, as well as from sputum, skin, and wound cultures. P. stuartii septicemia is primarily of urinary origin. It is the most common cause of purple urine bag syndrome.[1] Upon physical examination, P stuartii bloodstream infection is associated with fever, tachycardia, and hypotension. Providencia rettgeri (commonly P. rettgeri), is a Gram negative bacterium that is commonly found in both water and land environments. P. rettgeri can be incubated at 37 °C in nutrient agar or nutrient broth. It was first discovered in 1904 after a waterfowl epidemic.Hadley, Phillip (1908). The colon-typhoid intermediates as causative agents of disease in birds: The paratyphoid bacteria. RarebooksCLub. pp. 174–180. ISBN 1236439406. Strains of the species have also been isolated from nematodes.[2]
Providencia rettgeri can cause a number of opportunistic infections in humans and can be found in the human gut. It is a major cause of traveller's diarrhea.[3] Strains of P. rettgeri have also been found to cause urinary tract infections[4] and eye infections.[5]
P. rettgeri can be identified by its motility and its ability to produce acid from mannitol. It does not produce gas from glucose and does not ferment lactose. It also does not produce hydrogen sulfide or acid from xylose.
Providencia alcalifaciens bacteria cultured on a blood agar plate (BAP). From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [6]