Pulmonary edema classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farnaz Khalighinejad, MD [2]

Pulmonary edema can be classified on the basis of etiology into 2 subtypes, including cardiogenic pulmonary edema (left ventricular failure, myocardial infarction, left ventricle hypertrophy cardiomyopathy) and, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (high altitude pulmonary edema, neurogenic pulmonary edema, reperfusion pulmonary edema, re-expansion pulmonary edema)

Pulmonary edema may be classified according to etiology into 2 groups:

• Cardiogenic pulmonary edema, which can be secondary to:^[1]
  • Left ventricular failure
  • Dysrhythmia
  • Left ventricular hypertrophy cardiomyopathy
  • Volume overload
  • Myocardial Infarction
  • Left ventricular outflow obstruction
• Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema which can be secondary to:^[2]
  • Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
  • High altitude pulmonary edema
  • Neurogenic pulmonary edema
  • Reperfusion pulmonary edema
  • Re-expansion pulmonary edema
  • Others(opioid overdose, salicylate toxicity, viral infections)

    Pulmonary edema

    Cardiogenic

    Non-cardiogenic

    LV failure

    Dysrhythmia

    LV hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy

    Volume overload

    Myocardial Infarction

    LV outflow obstruction

    Direct injury to lung

    Hematogenous injury to lung

    Lung injury plus elevated hydrostatic pressure

    Chest trauma,pulmonary contusion

    Aspiration

    Smoke inhalation

    Pneumonia

    Oxygen toxicity

    Pulmonary embolism,reperfusion

    High altitude pulmonary edema

    Neurogenic pulmonary edema

    Reexpansion pulmonary edema

    Sepsis

    Pancreatitis

    Nonthoracic trauma

    Multiple transfusions

    Intravenous drug use. e.g. heroin

    References

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    1. ↑ Attias D, Mansencal N, Auvert B, Vieillard-Baron A, Delos A, Lacombe P, N'Guetta R, Jardin F, Dubourg O (2010). "Prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of patients presenting with cardiogenic unilateral pulmonary edema". Circulation. 122 (11): 1109–15. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.934950. PMID 20805429.
    2. ↑ Calenoff L, Kruglik GD, Woodruff A (1978). "Unilateral pulmonary edema". Radiology. 126 (1): 19–24. doi:10.1148/126.1.19. PMID 619405.

    
    

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