Resident Survival Guide |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]
The process of infection by bacteria or fungi can result in systemic signs and symptoms that are variously described. In rough order of severity, these are bacteremia or fungemia; septicemia; sepsis, severe sepsis or sepsis syndrome; septic shock; refractory septic shock; multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and death. The condition develops as a response to certain microbial molecules which trigger the production and release of cellular mediators, such as tumor necrosis factors (TNF); these act to stimulate immune response.[1]
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition, if left untreated it results in death.
Sepsis is caused by a bacterial infection that can begin anywhere in the body. Common places where an infection might start include:
Common organisms responsible for sepsis includes:[2][3]
Aerobic bacteria | Anaerobes bacteria | Fungal | Parasite |
---|---|---|---|
Cardiovascular | Acute bacterial endocarditis, myocardial ring abscess, subacute bacterial endocarditis |
Chemical / poisoning | No underlying causes |
Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
Drug Side Effect | Aldesleukin,Aprotinin, Boceprevir, Caspofungin acetate, Ceritinib, Crizotinib, Cytarabine, Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Felbamate, Ixabepilone, Meropenem, Mitomycin, Oxaprozin, Pergolide, Pralatrexate, , Pramipexole, Sargramostim, Sipuleucel-T, Sirolimus, Strontium chloride, Tiagabine, Tocilizumab, Vedolizumab |
Ear Nose Throat | Bronchitis, otitis media, pharyngitis, sinusitis |
Endocrine | No underlying causes |
Environmental | No underlying causes |
Gastroenterologic | Abscess, Bicalutamide, esophagitis, gastritis, gastrointestinal bleeding, instrumentation, intestinal obstruction, pancreatitis, small intestine disorder |
Genetic | No underlying causes |
Hematologic | No underlying causes |
Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
Infectious Disease | Enterococcus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus,
Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium perfringens, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Entamoeba histolytica |
Musculoskeletal / Ortho | Osteomyelitis, wound infections |
Neurologic | Acute bacterial meningitis |
Nutritional / Metabolic | No underlying causes |
Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
Oncologic | No underlying causes |
Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
Pulmonary | Community-acquired pneumonia, empyema, lung abscess |
Renal / Electrolyte | Acute prostatitis/abscess, catheter-associated bacteriuria, cervicitis, chronic kidney disease, cystitis, instrumentation, intranephric abscess or perinephric abscess, pyelonephritis, renal calculi, urethritis, urinary tract obstruction, vaginitis |
Rheum / Immune / Allergy | No underlying causes |
Sexual | No underlying causes |
Trauma | No underlying causes |
Urologic | No underlying causes |
Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |