First time in 1975, it was reported that AFP levels are often raised in maternal blood in association with neural tube defect of the fetus and it is an important advance in obstetric practice since it presents the possibility of a screening programme leading to early diagnosis and termination of these abnormal pregnancies. Screening for spina bifida by mother's blood's AFP [alpha‐fetoprotein] is recommended for all pregnant women with Triple Test. Triple test looks for three specific substances: AFP, hCG, and Estriol. Triple test is performed between the 15th and 20th week of pregnancy preferably in the 16th -18th week. All pregnant women should have triple test dureng pregnancy, but is is more important in pregnants with: Family history of birth defects, age of 35 years or older, Diabetes and use insulin, viral infection during pregnancy andexposure to high levels of radiation. In patients with high level of AFP, use of ultrasound and amniocentesis may be useful to diagnose open neural tube defects including spina bifida.
First time in 1975, it was reported that AFP levels are often raised in maternal blood in association with neural tube defect of the fetus and it is an important advance in obstetric practice since it presents the possibility of a screening programme leading to early diagnosis and termination of these abnormal pregnancies.[1][2]
Screening for spina bifida by mother's blood's AFP [alpha‐fetoprotein] is recommended for all pregnant women with Triple Test.[3][4]
Triple test looks for three specific substances: AFP, hCG, and Estriol.[3][2]
Triple test is performed between the 15th and 20th week of pregnancy preferably in the 16th -18th week.[3][2][4][5]
All pregnant women should have triple test dureng pregnancy, but is is more important in pregnants with:[3][2]
↑McFarlane JK (December 1972). "The nature of nursing and the place of research. 1". World Ir Nurs. 1 (12): 251 passim. PMID4486472.
↑ 2.02.12.22.32.4Hu Z, Liu X, Li L, Jia C, Li D, Liu R (October 2014). "[Predictive value of abnormal second-trimester maternal serum triple screening markers for adverse pregnancy outcomes]". Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi (in Chinese). 49 (10): 749–53. PMID25537246.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
↑ 3.03.13.23.3Péron FG, McCarthy JL, Guerra F (April 1966). "Further studies on corticosteroidogenesis. IV. Inhibition of utilization of biological substrates for corticoid synthesis by high calcium concentrations. Possible role of transhydrogenase in corticosteroidogenesis". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 117 (2): 450–69. PMID4381295.