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Tellurium dioxide
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Tellurium dioxide (TeO2) is a solid oxide of tellurium. It is encountered in two different forms, the yellow orthorhombic mineral tellurite,β-TeO2, and the synthetic, colourless tetragonal (paratellurite), α-TeO2.[1] Most of the information regarding reaction chemistry has been obtained in studies involving paratellurite, α-TeO2.[2]
Preparation[edit | edit source]
Paratellurite,α-TeO2, is produced by reacting tellurium with O2:[1]
- Te + O2 → TeO2
An alternative preparation is to dehydrate tellurous acid, H2TeO3, or to thermally decompose basic tellurium nitrate,Te2O4.HNO3 above 400°C.[1]
Chemical properties[edit | edit source]
TeO2 is highly insoluble in water and completely insoluble in concentrated sulfuric acid. It is also incompatible with strong acids and strong oxidizing agents. It is an amphoteric substance and therefore can act both as an acid or as a base depending on the solution it is in.
Structure[edit | edit source]
Paratellurite,α-TeO2, converts at high pressure into the β-, tellurite form.[3] Both the α-, (paratellurite) and β- (tellurite forms) contain four coordinate Te with the oxygen atoms at four of the corners of a trigonal bipyramid. In paratellurite all vertices are shared to give a rutile-like structure, where the O-Te-O bond angle is 140°.α-TeO2 In tellurite pairs of trigonal pyramidal, TeO4 units, sharing an edge, share vertices to then form a layer.[3] The shortest Te-Te distance in tellurite is 317 pm, compared to 374 pm in paratellurite.[3] Similar Te2O6 units are found in the mineral denningite.[3]
Uses[edit | edit source]
It is used as an acousto-optic material.
Tellurium dioxide is also a conditional glass former, which means it will form a glass with small molar% additions of a second compound such as an oxide or halide. TeO2 glasses have high refractive indices and transmit into the mid-infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum, therefore they are of technological interest for optical waveguides. Tellurite glasses have also been shown to exhibit Raman gain up to 30 times that of silica, useful in optical fibre amplification.[4]
Safety information[edit | edit source]
TeO2 is a possible teratogen.[5]
It produces a garlic-like odour on the breath.
References[edit | edit source]
K. W. Bagnall, The Chemistry of Selenium, Tellurium and Polonium, pp 59-60, Elsevier, London, 1966.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Template:Greenwood&Earnshaw
- ↑ W.R.McWhinnie (1995) Tellurium - Inorganic chemistry Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry Ed. R. Bruce King (1994) John Wiley & Sons ISBN 0 471 93620 0
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Wells A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition Oxford Science Publications ISBN 0-19-855370-6
- ↑ Tellurite glasses with peak absolute Raman gain coefficients up to 30 times that of fused silica, R Stegeman, L Jankovic, H Kim, C Rivero, G Stegeman, K Richardson, P Delfyett, Y Guo, A Schulte, T Cardinal, Optics Letters, 28, 13, 1126-1128, doi:10.1364/OL.28.001126
- ↑ Maternal toxicity and teratogenicity of tellurium dioxide in the Wistar rat: relationship to pair-feeding. Perez-D'Gregorio R E, Miller R K, Baggs R B.Reprod Toxicol. 1988;2(1):55-61.[1]
External links[edit | edit source]
- Moltech Berlin
- Mоscow State University
- J. S. Wang, E. M. Vogel and E. Snitzer "Tellurite glass: a new candidate for fiber devices" Opt. Mat. 3 (3) 187-203 1994
- TeO2 MSDS
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