Testicular cancer ultrasound

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Gertrude Djouka, M.D.[2], Shanshan Cen, M.D. [3]

Overview[edit | edit source]

Ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of testicular cancer. Findings on ultrasound suggestive of testicular cancer mass include well defined well circumscribed hypoechoic lesion for seminoma; calcification, cystic spaces, and heterogeneous for nonseminomatous germ cell tumors.

Ultrasound[edit | edit source]

• Ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of testicular cancer. Findings on ultrasound suggestive of testicular cancer mass include:^[1][2][3][4]

Germ cell testicular tumor[edit | edit source]

• Seminoma:
  • Well defined hypoechoic lesion
  • Homogeneous
  • Lack of cystic lesion
• Embryonal carcinoma:^[5]
  • Irregular calcification
  • Cystic areas
  • Heterogeneous
  • Hypoechoic mass
• Yolk sac tumor:^[6][7]
  • Hypervascular testicular mass
  • Isoechoid
  • Well-circumscribed
  • Homogenous and ovoid
• Choriocarcinoma:^[8]
  • Hemorraghic and necrotic
  • Calcified and cystic
• It is used to confirm that there is a tumor in the testicle and check its size, shape, location, and density.
• Ultrasound can help to distinguish benign tumors from malignant ones.

Sex cord stromal testicular tumor[edit | edit source]

• Leydig cell tumor:^[9][10]
  • Well defined
  • hypoechoid and cystic mass
  • Homogeneous and calcified
  • Hypervascular peripheral blood flow
• Sertoli cell tumor:^[11][12]
  • Hyperechogenic mass on calcified subtype
  • Hypervascular around the calcified areas
  • Lack of cystic tissues
• Granulosa cell tumor:^[13]
  • Solid and hypoechoid mass

References[edit | edit source]

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