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Urethral cancer causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [2]
Overview[edit | edit source]
Common causes of urethral cancer include human papillomavirus, history of bladder cancer, recurring urinary tract infections, smoking, and exposure to chemicals.
Causes[edit | edit source]
Urethral cancers appear to be associated with infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly HPV16, a strain of HPV known to be causative for cervical cancer. Other significant causes of urethral cancer are: [1][2]
- Recurring urinary tract infections
- Chemical exposure
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Wiener JS, Liu ET, Walther PJ (1992). "Oncogenic human papillomavirus type 16 is associated with squamous cell cancer of the male urethra". Cancer Res. 52 (18): 5018–23. PMID 1325290.
- ↑ Wiener JS, Walther PJ (1994). "A high association of oncogenic human papillomaviruses with carcinomas of the female urethra: polymerase chain reaction-based analysis of multiple histological types". J Urol. 151 (1): 49–53. PMID 8254831.
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