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Vulvar cancer staging
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Overview[edit | edit source]
According to the FIGO cancer staging system, there are 4 stages of vulvar cancer.[1]
Staging[edit | edit source]
According to the FIGO cancer staging system, there are 4 stages of vulvar cancer.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
| Stage | Findings |
|---|---|
| Stage I | Tumor confined to the vulva |
| IA | Lesions ≤2 cm in size, confined to the vulva or perineum and with stromal invasion ≤1.0 mmb, no nodal metastasis |
| IB | Lesions >2 cm in size or with stromal invasion >1.0 mmb, confined to the vulva or perineum, with negative nodes |
| Stage II | Tumor of any size with extension to adjacent perineal structures (lower third of urethra, lower third of vagina, anus) with negative nodes |
| Stage III | Tumor of any size with or without extension to adjacent perineal structures (lower third of urethra, lower third of vagina, anus) with positive inguinofemoral lymph nodes. |
| IIIA | (i) With 1 lymph node metastasis (≥5 mm), or |
| (ii) With 1–2 lymph node metastasis (<5 mm) | |
| IIIB | (i) With 1 lymph node metastasis (≥5 mm), or |
| (ii) With 1–2 lymph node metastasis (<5 mm) | |
| IIIC | With positive nodes with extracapsular spread |
| Stage IV | Tumor invades other regional (upper 2/3 urethra, upper 2/3 vagina), or distant structures |
| IVA | Tumor invades any of the following: |
| (i) Upper urethral and/or vaginal mucosa, bladder mucosa, rectal mucosa, or fixed to pelvic bone, or | |
| (ii) Fixed or ulcerated inguinofemoral lymph nodes | |
| IVB | Any distant metastasis including pelvic lymph nodes |
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Stage Information for Vulvar Cancer. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/vulvar/hp/vulvar-treatment-pdq#section/_16 Accessed on September 25, 2015
- ↑ Pecorelli S (May 2009). "Revised FIGO staging for carcinoma of the vulva, cervix, and endometrium". Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 105 (2): 103–4. PMID 19367689.
- ↑ Hacker NF, Barlow EL (August 2015). "Staging for vulvar cancer". Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 29 (6): 802–11. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2015.01.004. PMID 25842047.
- ↑ Homesley HD, Bundy BN, Sedlis A, Yordan E, Berek JS, Jahshan A, Mortel R (June 1993). "Prognostic factors for groin node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva (a Gynecologic Oncology Group study)". Gynecol. Oncol. 49 (3): 279–83. doi:10.1006/gyno.1993.1127. PMID 8314530.
- ↑ Shanbour KA, Mannel RS, Morris PC, Yadack A, Walker JL (December 1992). "Comparison of clinical versus surgical staging systems in vulvar cancer". Obstet Gynecol. 80 (6): 927–30. PMID 1448261.
- ↑ Burger MP, Hollema H, Emanuels AG, Krans M, Pras E, Bouma J (June 1995). "The importance of the groin node status for the survival of T1 and T2 vulval carcinoma patients". Gynecol. Oncol. 57 (3): 327–34. doi:10.1006/gyno.1995.1151. PMID 7774836.
- ↑ Maggino T, Landoni F, Sartori E, Zola P, Gadducci A, Alessi C, Soldà M, Coscio S, Spinetti G, Maneo A, Ferrero A, Konishi De Toffoli G (July 2000). "Patterns of recurrence in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. A multicenter CTF Study". Cancer. 89 (1): 116–22. PMID 10897008.
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