Overview of the events of 1580 in music
- Giammateo Asola – Second book of masses for four voices (Venice: Angelo Gardano), also includes a Requiem mass for two choirs
- Lodovico Balbi – Masses for four and five voices (Venice: Angelo Gardano)
- Anthoine de Bertrand
- First book of sonets chrestiens mis en musique for four voices (Senlis: Simon Goulart; Lyon: Charles Pesnot)
- Second book of sonets chrestiens mis en musique for four voices (Senlis: Simon Goulart; Lyon: Charles Pesnot)
- Joachim a Burck
- Officium Sacrosanctae Coenae Dominicae, super cantiunculam: Quam mirabilis ex primo libro odarum compositum for four voices (Erfurt: Georg Baumann)
- Hebdomas divinitus instituta for four voices (Mühlhausen: Georg Hantzsch)
- Girolamo Diruta – Il primo libro de contrapunti, sopra il canto fermo delle antifone delle feste principali de tutto l'anno for five voices (Venice: Angelo Gardano)
- Placido Falconio
- Turbarum voces (Voices of the crowd) for four voices (Brescia: Vincenzo Sabbio), a collection of motets
- Voces Christi (Voices of Christ) for three voices (Brescia: Vincenzo Sabbio), a collection of motets
- Sacra Responsoria Hebdomadae Sanctae for four voices (Brescia: Vincenzo Sabbio), a collection of responsories for Holy Week
- Threni Hieremiae prophetae, una cum psalmis, Benedictus et Miserere for four voices (Brescia: Vincenzo Sabbio), a setting of Lamentations
- Andrea Gabrieli – Second book of madrigals for six voices (Venice: Angelo Gardano)
- Jacobus Gallus
- First book of masses for seven and eight voices (Prague: Georg Nigrinus)
- First book of masses for six voices (Prague: Georg Nigrinus)
- First book of masses for five voices (Prague: Georg Nigrinus)
- First book of masses for four voice (Prague: Georg Nigrinus)
- Mikołaj Gomółka – Melodiae ná psałterz polski for four voices (Kraków: Lazarus), a Polish psalter
- Eucharius Hoffmann – Geistlicher Lieder in irer gewöhnlichen Melodey auff Villanellen art for four voices, part one (Rostock: Augustin Ferber)
- Marc'Antonio Ingegneri – Third book of madrigals for five voices (Venice: Angelo Gardano)
- Giorgio Mainerio – Sacra cantica Beatissimae Mariae Virginis omnitonum for six voices (Venice: Angelo Gardano), a collection of Magnificats
- Luca Marenzio – First book of madrigals for five voices (Venice: Angelo Gardano)
- Tiburtio Massaino – Second book of motets for five voices (Venice: Angelo Gardano)
- Claudio Merulo – First book of madrigals for three voices (Venice: Angelo Gardano)
- Philippe de Monte
- Fourth book of madrigals for six voices (Venice: Angelo Gardano)
- Eighth book of madrigals for five voices (Venice: heirs of Girolamo Scotto)
- Ninth book of madrigals for five voices (Venice: hiers of Girolamo Scotto)
- Leonhard Päminger – Quartus tomus cantionem ecclestiacarum..., published posthumously in Nuremberg
- Costanzo Porta – Liber quinquaginta duorum motectorum (Book of Fifty-two Motets) for four, five, six, seven, and eight voices (Venice: Angelo Gardano)
- Johann Wanning – Sacrae Cantiones quinque, sex, septem et octo voces compositae, et tum vivae voces, tum musicis instrumentis aptatae (first part of first cycle of sacred de tempore motets)