November 6 – Thirty Years' War – Battle of Lützen – Swedish king Gustaf II Adolf leads an assault on Wallenstein's army, but is killed early in the battle. Despite the king's death, the Swedish commanders manage to rally the army and eventually defeat Wallenstein's army. As a result, Wallenstein withdraws from Saxony.
Following the death of Gustaf II Adolf, king of Sweden, he is succeeded by his 6-year-old daughter Christina while five regents, headed by Axel Oxenstierna, govern the country since she is underage.
Catharina Stopia is appointed to succeed her deceased spouse as Sweden's ambassador to Russia, and becomes the first female diplomat of her country.