Events from the year 1859 in Scotland.
- 27 January – James Grierson, British Army lieutenant general (died on service 1914 in France)
- 8 March – Kenneth Grahame, author best known for The Wind in the Willows (died 1932 in England)
- 10 March – Dugald Sutherland MacColl, painter and curator (died 1948 in London)
- 25 March – John Bruce Glasier, socialist politician (died 1920)
- 22 May – Arthur Conan Doyle, physician and fiction writer best known for his stories about the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes (died 1930 in England)[4]
- 10 June – James Guthrie, painter (died 1930)
- 8 July – Annie Shepherd Swan, novelist (died 1943)
- 9 September – William James Cullen, Lord Cullen, judge (died 1941)
- 24 September – S. R. Crockett, novelist (died 1914 in France)
- 25 October – Allan MacDonald, Roman Catholic priest, poet, folklore collector and activist (died 1905)
- 18 November – James Nairn, painter (died 1904 in New Zealand)
- Thomas Corsan Morton, painter (died 1928)
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