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1869 in paleontology

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List of years in paleontology
(table)
In science
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872


Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1869.

Insects

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New taxa

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Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Elephantomyia brevipalpa[2]

comb. nov

Valid

(Loew) Osten-Sacken

Middle Eocene

Baltic amber

A Limoniid cranefly,
Elephantomyia brevipalpa

Elephantomyia longirostris[2]

comb. nov

Valid

(Loew) Osten-Sacken

Middle Eocene

Baltic amber

A Limoniid cranefly,
Elephantomyia longirostris

Elephantomyia pulchella[2]

comb. nov

Valid

(Loew) Osten-Sacken

Middle Eocene

Baltic amber

A Limoniid cranefly,
Elephantomyia pulchella

Reptiles

[edit]

Turtles

[edit]

New taxa

[edit]
Taxon Novelty Status Author(s) Age Unit Location Notes Images
Rhinochelys[3] Gen. nov. Valid Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England A new genus for Chelone pulchriceps Owen, 1851.
"Rhinochelys mastocephalus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys eurycephalus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys stenicephalus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys cardiocephalus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys sphenicephalus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys dayi"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys platyrhinus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys rheporhinus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys graptocephalus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys dacognathus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys colognathus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys dimerognathus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys gryphus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys platycephalus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys leptognathus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of turtle.
"Emys sphenognathus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of Emys.
Trachydermochelys phlyctaenus[3] Gen. et sp. nov. Valid Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England
"Testudo cantabrigiensis"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of Testudo.
Pleurosternon sedgwicki[3] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Berriasian Purbeck Group England A species of Pleurosternon.
Pleurosternon vansittarti[3] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Berriasian Purbeck Group England A species of Pleurosternon.
Pleurosternon oweni[3] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Berriasian Purbeck Group England A species of Pleurosternon.
Pleurosternon typocardium[3] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Berriasian Purbeck Group England A species of Pleurosternon.
Enaliochelys chelonia[3] Gen. et sp. nov. Jr. synonym Seeley Kimmeridgian Kimmeridge Clay Formation England Synonym of Achelonia.

Crocodylomorphs

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New taxa

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Taxon Novelty Status Author(s) Age Unit Location Notes Images
"Crocodilus cantabrigiensis"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of Crocodilus.
"Dakosaurus lissocephalus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Kimmeridgian Kimmeridge Clay Formation England An informal species of Dakosaurus.

Dinosaurs

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New taxa

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Taxon Novelty Status Author(s) Age Unit Location Notes Images
"Cryptosaurus eumerus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Oxfordian Oxford Clay Formation England An informal designation for an informal species of dinosaur known from a femur. Named in 1875.
Gigantosaurus megalonyx[3] Gen. et sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Kimmeridgian Kimmeridge Clay Formation England A possible chimaera of non-ichthyosaur, plesiosaur, crocodilian, or turtle remains.
Hypselosaurus priscus[4] Gen. et sp. nov. Nomen dubium Matheron Maastrichtian Grès à Reptiles France Originally believed to be a crocodilian, now a sauropod.
Hypsibema crassicauda[5] Gen. et sp. nov. Nomen dubium Cope Campanian Tar Heel Formation North Carolina
Hypsilophodon foxii[6] Gen. et sp. nov. Valid Huxley Barremian Wessex Formation England A small and agile ornithopod.
Ornithotarsus immanis[7] Gen. et sp. nov. Nomen dubium Cope Campanian Merchantville Formation New Jersey A hadrosaurid.
Rhabdodon priscus[4] Gen. et sp. nov. Valid Matheron Maastrichtian Grès à Reptiles France A dwarf relative of Iguanodon.
"Acanthopholis platypus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of Acanthopholis.
"Acanthopholis macrocercus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of Acanthopholis.
"Acanthopholis stereocercus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of Acanthopholis.
"Macrurosaurus semnus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal genus and informal species of dinosaur.
"Iguanodon phillipsi"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Barremian Wealden Group England An informal species of Iguanodon. Later named Priodontognathus.

Birds

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New taxa

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Taxon Novelty Status Author(s) Age Unit Location Notes Images
"Enaliornis barretti"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal genus and informal species of bird.
"Enaliornis sedgwicki"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of bird.

Pterosaurs

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New taxa

[edit]
Taxon Novelty Status Author(s) Age Unit Location Notes Images
Ornithocheirus[3] Gen. nov. Valid Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England A new genus name for multiple species including Pterodactylus simus Owen, 1861.
"Ornithocheirus carteri"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ornithocheirus platyrhinus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal designation for multiple informal species of pterosaur including Pterodactylus sedgwicki Owen, 1859.
"Ptenodactylus oweni"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus polyodon"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus microdon"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus scaphorhynchus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus macrorhinus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus brachyrhinus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus crassidens"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus dentatus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus nasutus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus tenuirostris"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus capito"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus eurygnathus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus machaerorhynchus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus platystomus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus enchorhynchus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus colorhinus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus oxyrhinus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of pterosaur.
Pterodactylus macrurus[3] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Berriasian Purbeck Group England A species of Pterodactylus.

Ichthyosaurs

[edit]

New taxa

[edit]
Taxon Novelty Status Author(s) Age Unit Location Notes Images
"Ichthyosaurus angustidens"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Cenomanian Chalk Group England An informal species of Ichthyosaurus.
"Ichthyosaurus walkeri"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of Ichthyosaurus.
"Ichthyosaurus doughtyi"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of Ichthyosaurus.
"Ichthyosaurus bonneyi"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of Ichthyosaurus.
"Ichthyosaurus platymerus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of Ichthyosaurus.
"Ichthyosaurus chalarodeirus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Kimmeridgian Kimmeridge Clay Formation England An informal species of Ichthyosaurus.
"Ichthyosaurus hygrodeirus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Kimmeridgian Kimmeridge Clay Formation England An informal species of Ichthyosaurus.
Ichthyosaurus megalodeirus[3] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Oxfordian Oxford Clay Formation England A species of Ichthyosaurus.

Plesiosaurs

[edit]

New taxa

[edit]
Taxon Novelty Status Author(s) Age Unit Location Notes Images
Crymocetus Valid Cope
Polycotylus Valid Cope An advanced Short-Necked plesiosaur.
Polycotylus
"Plesiosaurus ichthyospondylus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of Plesiosaurus.
"Plesiosaurus cycnodeirus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of Plesiosaurus.
"Plesiosaurus microdeirus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of Plesiosaurus.
"Plesiosaurus euryspondylus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of Plesiosaurus.
"Plesiosaurus platydeirus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of Plesiosaurus.
"Plesiosaurus ophiodeirus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of Plesiosaurus.
"Plesiosaurus paecilospondylus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of Plesiosaurus.
"Stereosaurus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal genus for species including Polyptychodon interruptus.
"Stereosaurus platyomus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of plesiosaur.
"Stereosaurus cratynotus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of plesiosaur.
"Stereosaurus stenomus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand England An informal species of plesiosaur.
"Plesiosaurus megadeirus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Kimmeridgian Kimmeridge Clay Formation England An informal species of Plesiosaurus.
"Plesiosaurus sterrodeirus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Kimmeridgian Kimmeridge Clay Formation England An informal species of Plesiosaurus.
"Pliosaurus evansi"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Oxfordian Oxford Clay Formation England An informal species of Pliosaurus.
"Pliosaurus pachydeirus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Oxfordian Oxford Clay Formation England An informal species of Pliosaurus.
"Plesiosaurus philarchus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Oxfordian Oxford Clay Formation England An informal species of Plesiosaurus.
"Steneosaurus dasycephalus"[3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Oxfordian Oxford Clay Formation England An informal species of plesiosaur.

Paleontologists

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
  2. ^ a b c Kania, I (2015). "Subfamily Limoniinae Speiser, 1909 (Diptera, Limoniidae) from Baltic Amber (Eocene): The Genus Elephantomyia Osten Sacken, 1860". PLOS ONE. 10 (2): 1–25. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1017434K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117434. PMC 4338262. PMID 25706127.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd Seeley, H.G. (1869). Index to the Fossil Remains of Aves, Ornithosauria, and Reptilia from the Secondary System of Strata, arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge. III. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–143.
  4. ^ a b Matheron, P.M. (1869). "Notice sur les reptiles fossiles des dépots fluvio-lacustres Crétacés du bassin a lignite de Fuveau". Extrait des Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres, et Arts de Marseille (in French): 345–379.
  5. ^ E.D. Cope, (1869), "Remarks on Eschrichtius polyporus, Hypsibema crassicauda, Hadrosaurus tripos, and Polydectes biturgidus", Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 21: 191-192
  6. ^ Huxley, Thomas H. (1869). "On Hypsilophodon, a new genus of Dinosauria". Geological Society of London, Abstracts of Proceedings. 204: 3–4.
  7. ^ Cope, ED. 1869. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Philadelphia 14, 105–252.
  8. ^ Farlow, James O.; M. K. Brett-Surmann (1999). The Complete Dinosaur. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 11. ISBN 0-253-21313-4.
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