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century , for an explanation of its start.
Calendar year
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
1900 .
1900 (MCM ) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar , the 1900th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 900th year of the 2nd millennium , the 100th and last year of the 19th century , and the 1st year of the 1900s decade. As of the start of 1900, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
As of March 1 (O.S. February 17 ), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until February 28 (O.S. February 15 ), 2100. The year 1900 also marked the Year of the Rat on the Chinese calendar.
January [ edit ]
Second Boer War : Boers at Spion Kop , 1900
Boxer Soldiers
February [ edit ]
Plaque recording the location of the formation of the British Labour Party in 1900.
Exposition Universelle view in Paris
May – American explorer Robert Peary is the first person to sight Kaffeklubben Island .[5]
May 1 – Scofield Mine disaster : An explosion of blasting powder in a coal mine in Scofield, Utah , United States, kills 200 people.
May 14 – The second Olympic Games , Paris 1900 , open (as part of the Paris World Exhibition ).
May 17
May 18 – The United Kingdom proclaims a protectorate over Tonga .[6]
May 21 – Russia invades Manchuria .
May 24 – Second Boer War : The British annex the Orange Free State , as the Orange River Colony .
May 28 – Boxer Rebellion : The Boxers attack Belgians, in the Fengtai railway station.
May 29 – N'Djamena , the capital city of Chad , is founded as Fort-Lamy , by French commander Émile Gentil .
May 31 – Boxer Rebellion : Peacekeepers from various European countries arrive in China, where they eventually end up uniting with Japanese forces.
June 1 – American temperance agitator Carrie Nation begins her crusade to demolish saloons.
June 5 – Second Boer War : British soldiers take Pretoria .
June 14 – The Reichstag approves the second of the German Naval Laws allowing expansion of the Imperial German Navy .
June 17 – Boxer Rebellion – Battle of Dagu Forts : Naval forces of the Eight-Nation Alliance capture the Taku Forts , on the Hai River estuary in China.
June 20 – Boxer Rebellion : Boxers gather about 20,000 people near Peking , and kill hundreds of European citizens, including the German ambassador.
June 25 – The Taoist monk Wang Yuanlu discovers the Dunhuang manuscripts , a cache of ancient texts that are of great historical and religious significance, in the Mogao Caves of Dunhuang , China, where they have been sealed since the early 11th century.
June 30 – Hoboken Docks fire : A wharf fire at the docks in Hoboken, New Jersey , owned by the North German Lloyd Steamship line, spreads to German passenger ships Saale , Main , and Bremen . The fire engulfs the adjacent piers and nearby ships, killing 326 people.
July 2 : First successful rigid airship flight by Zeppelin LZ 1
July 9 : Federation of Australia enacted.
September [ edit ]
October [ edit ]
November [ edit ]
December [ edit ]
Date unknown [ edit ]
January [ edit ]
Chiune Sugihara
William Haines
Queen Maria of Yugoslavia
Hyman G. Rickover
January 1
January 2
January 3
January 4
January 5
January 6
January 8
January 9 – Richard Halliburton , American adventurer and writer (d. 1939 )
January 10 – Jean Gehret , Swiss actor and director (d. 1956 )
January 11 – Lloyd French , American film director (d. 1950 )
January 13 – Shimizugawa Motokichi , Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 1967 )
January 16
January 18 – Wan Laiming , Chinese animator (d. 1997 )
January 20
January 22
January 23 – William Ifor Jones , Welsh conductor, organist (d. 1988 )
January 24 – Theodosius Dobzhansky , Ukrainian geneticist, evolutionary biologist (d. 1975 )
January 26 – Karl Ristenpart , German conductor (d. 1967 )
January 27 – Hyman G. Rickover , American admiral (d. 1986 )
January 28 – Rajagopala Tondaiman , King of Pudukkottai (d. 1950 )
January 30 – Martita Hunt , Argentine-born British actress (d. 1969 )[20]
January 31 – Betty Parsons , American artist, art dealer and collector (d. 1982 )[21]
February [ edit ]
Adlai Stevenson II
Jeanne Aubert
Halina Konopacka
Carel Willink
Gustavo Rojas Pinilla
Sir John McEwen
Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester
March 2 – Kurt Weill , German-American composer (d. 1950 )
March 3
March 4 – Herbert Biberman , American screenwriter, film director (d. 1971 )
March 5
March 7
March 8
March 9 – Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta , Italian prince (d. 1948 )
March 10 – Violet Brown , Jamaican supercentenarian, oldest Jamaican ever (d. 2017 )[29]
March 11
March 12
March 13
March 16 – Mencha Karnicheva , Macedonian revolutionary, assassin (d. 1964 )[33]
March 17 – Manuel Plaza , Chilean athlete (d. 1969 )
March 18 – Hanne Sobek , German footballer (d. 1989 )
March 19
March 20 – Amelia Chopitea Villa , Bolivia's first female physician (d. 1942 )[36]
March 23 – Erich Fromm , German-born psychologist, philosopher who lived in Cuernavaca , Mexico (d. 1980 )[37]
March 26 – Angela Maria Autsch , German nun, died in Auschwitz helping Jewish prisoners (d. 1941 )[38]
March 29
March 30 – Santos Urdinarán , Uruguayan footballer (d. 1979 )
March 31 – Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (d. 1974 )
Spencer Tracy
Wolfgang Pauli
Charles Francis Richter
April 1 – Stefanie Clausen , Danish Olympic diver (d. 1981 )[40]
April 3
April 5
April 8 – Marie Byles , Australian solicitor (d. 1979 )[41]
April 10
April 11 – Sándor Márai , Hungarian writer and journalist (d. 1989 )
April 13 – Sorcha Boru , American potter, ceramic sculptor (d. 2006 )
April 14 – Salvatore Baccaloni , Italian operatic bass, buffo artist, and actor. (d. 1969 )
April 16 – Polly Adler , Russian-American author, madam (d. 1962 )[42]
April 18 – Bertha Isaacs , Bahamian teacher, tennis player, politician and women's rights activist (d. 1997 )[43]
April 19
April 20 – Fred Raymond , Austrian composer (d. 1954 )
April 21 – Hans Fritzsche , German Nazi official (d. 1953 )
April 22 – Nellie Beer , British politician, Lord Mayor of Manchester (1966–67) (d. 1988 )[44]
April 24 – Elizabeth Goudge , English writer (d. 1984 )[45] [46]
April 25 – Wolfgang Pauli , Austrian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958 )
April 26
April 27 – August Koern , Estonian statesman, diplomat (d. 1989 )
April 28
April 29
April 30
Cai Chang
Juan Arvizu
Lucile Godbold
May 1 – Ignazio Silone , Italian author (d. 1978 )
May 2 – A. W. Lawrence , British leading authority on classical sculpture and architecture (d. 1991 )
May 5
May 6 – Zheng Ji , Chinese nutritionist, biochemist (d. 2010 )
May 9 – Maria Malicka , Polish stage, film actress (d. 1992 )[52]
May 10
May 11 – Thomas H. Robbins Jr. , American admiral (d. 1972 )
May 12 – Helene Weigel , Austrian actress (d. 1971 )[55]
May 13 – Karl Wolff , German SS functionary and war criminal (d. 1984 )
May 14 – Cai Chang , Chinese politician, women's rights activist (d. 1990 )[56]
May 15 – Ida Rhodes , American mathematician, pioneer in computer programming (d. 1986 )[57]
May 22
May 23 – Hans Frank , German Nazi official (executed 1946 )
May 24 – Sonia Rosemary Keppel, British baroness, grandmother of Queen Camilla (d. 1986 )Sonia Rosemary Keppel
May 26 – Karin Juel , Swedish singer, actor and writer (d. 1976 )
May 27
May 28 – Tommy Ladnier , American jazz trumpeter (d. 1939 )
May 29 – David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir , British politician, lawyer and judge (d. 1967 )
May 31 – Lucile Godbold , American Olympic athlete (d. 1981 )[59]
Dennis Gabor
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
June 3
June 4 – George Watkins , American baseball player (d. 1970 )
June 5 – Dennis Gabor , Hungarian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979 )
June 7
June 8 – Lena Baker , African-American maid executed for capital murder, pardoned posthumously (d. 1945 )[61]
June 11
June 14
June 15 – Paul Mares , American jazz trumpeter (d. 1949 )
June 17
June 18 – Vlasta Vraz , Czech-American relief worker, editor and fundraiser (d. 1989 )
June 21 – Choi Yong-kun , North Korean general, defense minister (d. 1976 )
June 22
June 23 – Blanche Noyes , American aviator, winner of the 1936 Bendix Trophy Race (d. 1981 )[65]
June 24
June 25
June 26
June 27 – Dixie Brown , St Lucian-born British boxer (d. 1957 )
June 29 – Antoine de Saint-Exupéry , French pilot, writer (d. 1944 )
June 30 – Alf Ihlen , Norwegian industrialist (d. 2006 )
Alessandro Blasetti
Bernardus Johannes Alfrink
Eyvind Johnson
Teresa Noce
July 2
July 3
July 4
July 5
July 6
July 7
July 9 – Joseph LaShelle , American cinematographer (d. 1989 )
July 10 – Evelyn Laye , English actress (d. 1996 )[72]
July 11 – Lily Eberwein , Sarawakian nationalist, women's rights activist (d. 1980 )[73]
July 13
July 15 – Enrique Cadícamo , Argentine tango lyricist, poet and novelist (d. 1999 )
July 16 – Mumon Yamada , Japanese Rinzai religious leader (d. 1988 )
July 20 – Hunter Lane , American baseball player (d. 1994 )
July 21 – Isadora Bennett , American theatre manager, modern dance publicity agent (d. 1980 )
July 23
July 26 – Sarah Kafrit , Israeli politician, teacher (d. 1983 )[76]
July 28 – Lady Dorothy Macmillan , spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1966 )
July 29
Arturo Umberto Illia
Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
Cecil Howard Green
Hans Adolf Krebs
September [ edit ]
Urho Kekkonen
Miguel Alemán Valdés
September 3 – Urho Kekkonen , 8th President of Finland (d. 1986 )
September 5 – Grace Eldering , American public health scientist, co-developed vaccine for whooping cough (d. 1988 )[93]
September 6 – W. A. C. Bennett , Canadian politician (d. 1979 )
September 8 – Tilly Devine , English-Australian organised crime boss (d. 1970 )[94]
September 12 – Martha Atwell , American radio director (d. 1949 )[95] [96]
September 17
September 18
September 20 – Uuno Klami , Finnish composer (d. 1961 )
September 22 – Paul Hugh Emmett , American chemical engineer (d. 1985 )
September 23 – Louise Nevelson , Ukrainian-born American sculptor (d. 1988 )
September 26 – Suzanne Belperron , French jewellery designer (d. 1983 )[100]
September 27 – Miguel Alemán Valdés , 46th President of Mexico , 1946-1952 (d. 1983 )[101]
October [ edit ]
Bing Xin
Helen Hayes
Jean Arthur
Ismail al-Azhari
Srinagarindra
Douglas Jardine
Ragnar Granit
October 1 – Tom Goddard , English cricketer (d. 1966 )
October 2
October 5
October 6
October 7 – Heinrich Himmler , German Nazi official, SS head (d. 1945 )
October 10 – Helen Hayes , American actress (d. 1993 )[107]
October 11 – Boris Yefimov , Soviet political cartoonist (d. 2008 )
October 16 – Edward Ardizzone , English painter, printmaker and author (d. 1979 )
October 17 – Jean Arthur , American actress (d. 1991 )[108]
October 18
October 19
October 20 – Ismail al-Azhari , 2nd Prime Minister of Sudan , 3rd President of Sudan (d. 1969 )
October 21
October 23 – Douglas Jardine , British cricketeer (d. 1958 )
October 25 – Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti , Nigerian suffragist and women's rights activist (d. 1978 )
October 26
October 30
October 31 – Asbjørg Borgfelt , Norwegian sculptor (d. 1976 )
November [ edit ]
Margaret Mitchell
Aaron Copland
Eliška Junková
Håkan Malmrot
November 2 – Carola Neher , German actress and singer (d. 1942 )
November 3 – Adolf Dassler , Cobbler, entrepreneur and inventor who founded Adidas (d. 1978 )
November 4 – Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu , Romanian communist activist, sociologist (d. 1954 )
November 5
November 6
November 8 – Margaret Mitchell , American writer (Gone With The Wind ) (d. 1949 )[116]
November 10 – Rudolf Vogel , German film and television actor (d. 1967 )
November 11
November 13
November 14 – Aaron Copland , American composer (d. 1990 )
November 16
November 19 – Anna Seghers , German writer (d. 1983 )[118]
November 20
November 21 – Bettina Warburg , German-American psychiatrist, professor (d. 1990 )
November 22 – Tom Macdonald , Welsh journalist, novelist (d. 1980 )
November 25 – Rudolf Höß , German Nazi official (d. 1947 )
November 26 – Anna Maurizio , Swiss biologist, known for her study of bees (d. 1993 )[120]
November 27 – Jovette Bernier , Canadian journalist, author, and radio show host (d. 1981 )[121]
November 28 – Mary Bothwell , Canadian classical vocalist, painter (d. 1985 )[122]
November 29
November 30 – Luigi Stipa , Italian aeronautical, hydraulic, and civil engineer and aircraft designer (d. 1992 )
December [ edit ]
Agnes Moorehead
December 2
December 3
December 6 – Agnes Moorehead , American actress, best known for her role in Bewitched (d. 1974 )[127]
December 7
December 10 – Dominic Costa , Australian politician (d. 1976 )
December 11 – Hermína Týrlová , Czechoslovakian animator, screenwriter, and film director (d. 1993 )[129]
December 12 – Sammy Davis Sr. , American dancer (d. 1988 )
December 16 – Rudolf Diels , German Nazi civil servant, Gestapo chief (d. 1957 )
December 17
December 19 – Margaret Brundage , American illustrator, known for illustrating the pulp magazine Weird Tales (d. 1976 )[132]
December 20
December 22
December 23
December 24
December 25 – Antoni Zygmund , Polish mathematician (d. 1992 )
December 26 – Evelyn Bark , leading member of the British Red Cross , first female recipient of the CMG (d. 1993 )[134]
Date unknown [ edit ]
Robina Addis , early British professional psychiatric social worker (d. 1986 )[135]
Margaret Altmann , German-American biologist, specialist in animal husbandry and psychobiology (d. 1984 )[136]
Juanita Ángeles , Filipina silent film actress (d. unknown)
Hattie Moseley Austin , African-American entrepreneur, restaurateur (d. 1998 )[137]
Louella Ballerino , American fashion designer, known for her work in sportswear (d. 1978 )[138]
Natalya Bilikhodze , Russian Romanov impostor falsely claiming to be Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 2000 )[139]
Ruth Bonner , Soviet Communist activist, sentenced to labor camp during Joseph Stalin 's Great Purge (d. 1987 )[140] [141]
Anna Borkowska (Sister Bertranda) , Polish nun, prioress who hid 17 Jews in her monastery during WWII (d. 1988 )
Grace Hartman , Canadian social activist, politician, and first female mayor of Sudbury , Ontario (d. 1998 )[142]
Rubén Jaramillo , Mexican peasant leader (d. 1962 )[143]
Daudo Okelo , Ugandan Roman Catholic martyr and saint (b. c. 1900 ; d. 1918 )
Bella Reay , English footballer (d. unknown)
Virginia Frances Sterrett , American artist, illustrator (d. 1931 )[144]
Yung Fung-shee , Hong Kong philanthropist (d. 1972 )
January–June [ edit ]
John Ruskin
Gottlieb Daimler
Mary Kingsley
Princess Josephine of Baden
January 5 – William A. Hammond , American military physician, neurologist, and 11th Surgeon General of the United States Army (1862–1864) (b. 1828 )
January 11 – James Martineau , English religious philosopher (b. 1805 )[145]
January 16 – S. M. I. Henry , American evangelist (b. 1839 )
January 20 – John Ruskin , English writer, artist, and social critic (b. 1819 )
January 31 – John Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry , Scottish nobleman, boxer (b. 1844 )
February 18 – Clinton L. Merriam , American politician (b. 1824 )
February 23 – William Butterfield , British architect (b. 1814 )
March 6
March 7 – Rachel Lloyd , American chemist (b. 1839 )
March 10 – Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann , Danish composer (b. 1805 )
March 18 – Hjalmar Kiærskou , Danish botanist (b. 1835 )
March 28 – Piet Joubert , Boer politician, military commander (b. 1834 )
March 29 – Cyrus K. Holliday , cofounder of Topeka, Kansas , 1st president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (b. 1826 )
April 2 – Gustaf Åkerhielm , 6th prime minister of Sweden (b. 1833 )
April 5
April 7 – Frederic Edwin Church , American landscape painter (b. 1826 )
April 12 – James Richard Cocke , American physician, homeopath, and pioneer hypnotherapist (b. 1863 )
April 17 – George Curry , Wild West robber (Wild Bunch ) (shot) (b. 1871 )
April 19 – James Dawson , Australian activist (b. 1806 )
April 21 – Vikramatji Khimojiraj , Indian ruler (b. 1819 )
April 22 – Amédée-François Lamy , French soldier (b. 1858 ) (killed in battle)
April 24 – George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll , British politician (b. 1823 )
April 30 – Casey Jones , American railway engineer (b. 1864 )
May 1 – Mihály Munkácsy , Hungarian painter (b. 1844 )
May 2 – Seweryn Morawski , Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1819 )
May 9 – Carit Etlar (Carl Brosbøll) , Danish author (b. 1816 )
May 18 – Félix Ravaisson-Mollien , French philosopher (b. 1813 )
May 28 – Sir George Grove , English music writer (b. 1820 )
June 2 – Samori Ture , West African empire-builder (b. 1830 )
June 3 – Mary Kingsley , English explorer, writer (b. 1862 )[147]
June 5 – Stephen Crane , American author (b. 1871 )
June 11 – Belle Boyd , American Confederate spy, actress (b. 1843 )
June 19 – Princess Josephine of Baden (b. 1813 )
July–December [ edit ]
King Umberto I
Kuroda Kiyotaka
Friedrich Nietzsche
Sir Arthur Sullivan
Oscar Wilde
July 5 – Henry Barnard , American educationalist (b. 1811 )
July 8 – Henry D. Cogswell , American philanthropist (b. 1820 )
July 9 – Gregorio Grassi , Italian Franciscan friar, Roman Catholic martyr and saint (b. 1833 )
July 26 – Nicolae Crețulescu , 2-time prime minister of Romania (b. 1812 )
July 29 – King Umberto I of Italy (assassinated) (b. 1844 )
July 30 – Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , second son of Queen Victoria (b. 1844 )[148]
August 1 – Rafael Molina Sanchez , Spanish bullfighter (b. 1841 )
August 4 – Étienne Lenoir , Belgian engineer (b. 1822 )
August 7 – Wilhelm Liebknecht , German Social Democratic politician (b. 1826 )[149]
August 8
August 10 – Charles Russell, Baron Russell of Killowen , Lord Chief Justice of England (b. 1832 )
August 12 – Wilhelm Steinitz , Austrian-born chess player, first undisputed World Champion (b. 1836 )
August 13 – Vladimir Solovyov , Russian philosopher and poet (b. 1853 )
August 16 – José Maria de Eça de Queirós , Portuguese writer (b. 1845 )
August 23 – Kuroda Kiyotaka , Japanese politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1840 )
August 25 – Friedrich Nietzsche , German philosopher, writer (b. 1844 )
September 5 – Arthur Sewall , American politician, industrialist (b. 1835 )
September 19 – Belle Archer , American actress (b. 1859 )
September 23
September 29 – Samuel Fenton Cary , American politician (b. 1814 )
October 15 – Zdeněk Fibich , Czech composer (b. 1850 )
October 19 – Sir Roderick Cameron , Canadian shipping magnate (b. 1825 )
October 22 – John Sherman , American politician (b.1823 )
October 28 – Max Müller , German philologist, Orientalist (b. 1823 )
November 22 – Sir Arthur Sullivan , English composer (b. 1842 )
November 26 – Méry Laurent , French artist's muse, model (b. 1849 )
November 30 – Oscar Wilde , Irish writer (b. 1854 )[150]
December 4 – Aquileo Parra , 11th President of Colombia (b. 1825 )
December 14 – Paddy Ryan , Irish-American boxer, former world's heavyweight champion (b. 1851 )
December 21 – Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal , Prussian field marshal (b. 1810 )
World population [ edit ]
World population : 1,640,000,000
Africa: 133,000,000
Asia: 947,000,000
Europe: 408,000,000
Latin America: 74,000,000
Northern America: 82,000,000
Oceania: 6,000,000
References [ edit ]
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Further reading [ edit ]
Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events...1900 (1901), vast compendium of data; global coverage online edition
Gilbert, Martin. A History of the Twentieth Century 1900-1933, Vol. 1 (1997) pp 7–35; global coverage of politics, diplomacy and warfare.
Herbert C. Fyfe, Pearson's Magazine , July 1900: "How Will The World End?"
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