1935 Alberta general election

1935 Alberta general election

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63 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta 32 seats were needed for a majority
Turnout	81.8%
Majority party Minority party Third party   LIB Leader William Aberhart (de facto) William R. Howson David M. Duggan Party Social Credit Liberal Conservative Leader since September 3, 1935 October 21, 1932 1930 Leader's seat Did not run Edmonton Edmonton Last election pre-creation 11 seats, 24.6% 6 seats, 14.8% Seats before 0 13 6 Seats won 56 5 2 Seat change 56 8 4 Popular vote 163,700 69,845 19,358 Percentage 54.2% 23.1% 6.4% Swing — 1.5% 8.4%   Fourth party Fifth party   Leader Richard G. Reid Fred J. White Party United Farmers Labour Leader since 1934 between 1921 & 1926 Leader's seat Vermilion (lost re-election) Last election 39 seats, 39.4% 4 seats, 7.6% Seats before 36 4 Seats won 0 0 Seat change 36 4 Popular vote 33,063 5,086 Percentage 11.0% 1.7% Swing 28.4% 5.9%
Premier before election Richard G. Reid United Farmers Premier after election William Aberhart Social Credit

The 1935 Alberta general election was held on August 22, 1935, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. The newly founded Social Credit Party of Alberta won a sweeping victory, unseating the 14-year government of the United Farmers of Alberta. It was one of only five times that Alberta has changed governments.

Premier John E. Brownlee had resigned on July 10, 1934, when he was sued and found liable for the seduction of a young clerk working in the Attorney-General's office. Although the verdict was immediately set aside by the presiding judge, the scandal seriously damaged the UFA's reputation among socially conservative Albertans. Provincial Treasurer Richard G. Reid succeeded him, but was unable to change the party's fortunes. The government had fallen into disfavour as it had proven unable to address the Depression, which had hit Alberta particularly hard, and due to the government's unwillingness to accede to demands to adopt Social Credit policies and programs.

Social Credit won 56 of the 63 seats in the legislature, and over 50% of the popular vote, well beyond even the most optimistic Socred projections. Many of those gains came at the expense of the UFA, which lost all of its seats in one of the worst defeats ever suffered by a provincial government in Canada. Reid and Brownlee, for instance, were heavily defeated by Socred challengers, with Reid being pushed into third place. The UFA did receive 11 percent of the vote so its due share was about ten members - the province's limited use of PR did not ensure that it won any seats at all.

The UFA's wipeout happened just a month after the Prince Edward Island Tories lost all 18 of their seats at that year's provincial election. A similar wipeout would not happen again until the 1987 New Brunswick general election, when the governing New Brunswick Tories lost all 39 of their seats.

The Alberta Liberals in this election ran with the tactically fatal slogan, the "rest of Canada can't be wrong"—referring to the popularity of the Liberal Party in the rest of the country. It did not work; they had their seat count cut in half. However, due to the UFA being swept from the legislature, the Liberals wound up as the Official Opposition. The Conservatives lost four of their six seats.

The Socreds' expectations for the election had been so low that they had not even named a formal leader for the campaign. When the newly elected Socred MLAs held their first caucus meeting, the first order of business was to select a leader and premier-designate. The obvious choice was the party's founder and guiding force, Calgary-based Baptist pastor William Aberhart. Persuaded to accept the mantle of leadership, Aberhart was sworn in as premier on September 3.

This provincial election, like the previous two, saw district-level proportional representation (Single transferable voting) used to elect the MLAs of Edmonton and Calgary. City-wide districts were used to elect multiple MLAs in the cities. All the other MLAs were elected in single-member districts through Instant-runoff voting.

The turnout of the 1935 election topped 80%, and no election in Alberta has come close to this mark.

This election campaign is seen as the most negative in Alberta's history, with reports of Social Credit members, operating openly and on Aberhart's directives, defacing the campaign signs of opponents and drowning their speeches by honking car horns. Many campaign ads also focused mostly on attacking the opposing parties.

After the 1935 election results were in, newspapers across North America took notice, with the Boston Herald running the headline "Alberta Goes Crazy!".^[1]

This shift marked the first in Social Credit's nine consecutive election victories, for a total of 36 years in office–one of the longest unbroken runs in government in the Commonwealth. The UFA never recovered from this wipeout defeat, withdrawing from politics altogether in 1937. Many of UFA's erstwhile supporters shifted to supporting the CCF, whose full name "CCF (Farmer-Labour-Socialist)" indicates how it was a merging of UFA and other previous farmer and labor parties.

Elections to the 8th Alberta Legislative Assembly (1935)

Party		Leader	Candidates	First-preference votes						Seats
				Votes	±	% Fpv	Change (pp)			1930	1935	±
	Social Credit	William Aberhart	63	163,700	163,700	54.25	54.25		54.25	–	56 / 63	56
	United Farmers	Richard G. Reid	45	33,063	41,124	11.00	-28.41			39	0 / 63	39
	Liberal	William R. Howson	61	69,845	23,570	23.14	-1.45			11	5 / 63	6
	Conservative	David M. Duggan	39	19,358	8,596	6.41	-8.44			6	2 / 63	4
	Labour	Fred J. White	11	5,086	9,268	1.68	-5.95			4	0 / 63	4
	Independent		7	2,740	20,526	0.90	-11.46			3	0 / 63	3
	Communist	Jan Lakeman	9	5,771	3,588	1.91	0.75		0.75
	Independent Liberal		1	955	955	0.31
	United Front		1	560	560	0.19
	Independent Conservative		1	258	258	0.08
	Independent Labour		1	224	224	0.07
	Reconstruction		1	192	192	0.06
Total			240	301,752		100.00%
Rejected ballots				8,269	562
Turnout				310,021	114,095	81.8%	15.1
Registered voters				378,249	84,454

  = Open seat

  = turnout is above provincial average

  = Candidate was in previous Legislature

  = Incumbent had switched allegiance

  = Previously incumbent in another riding

  = Not incumbent; was previously elected to the Legislature

  = Incumbency arose from by-election gain

  = previously an MP in the House of Commons of Canada

  = Multiple candidates

  = Candidate was in previous Legislature

  = First-time MLA

  = Previously incumbent in another district.

Twelve districts went beyond first-preference counts in order to determine winning candidates:

There were more contestants in the race compared to 1930, but only Social Credit ran a full slate of candidates:

Party		Candidates			MLAs elected
		1935	1930	±	1935	1930	±
	Conservative	4	4		1	3	2
	Labour	3	3		–	1	1
	Liberal	4	3	1	1	2	1
	Social Credit	6	–	6	4	–	4
	Communist	1	1		–	–	–
	Independent Labour	1	–	1	–	–	–
	Independent	1	2	1	–	–	–
Total		20	13	7	6	6

Eighteen counts were needed to determine the outcome, but count-by-count results are not available.^[a] There are only detailed results for the later counts.^[4][b] Manning, Irwin, Anderson, Bowlen and Gostick achieved quota, and Hugill obtained the next best result on the final count.

The 1935 race had a broader field of candidates compared to 1930:

Party		Candidates			MLAs elected
		1935	1930	±	1935	1930	±
	Conservative	6	6		1	3	2
	Labour	6	4	2	–	1	1
	Liberal	6	4	2	3	1	2
	Social Credit	6	–	6	2	–	2
	United Farmers	1	1		–	1	1
	Communist	1	1		–	–	–
	Reconstruction	1	–	1	–	–	–
	Independent	–	1	1	–	–	–
Total		27	17	10	6	6

As a result, the number of counts needed to select the six MLAs expanded from 14 to 23. Howson, Barnes and Van Allen won on achieving quota; Duggan, Mullen and O'Connor had the best results in the final round.

• Jansen, Harold John (1998). The Single Transferable Vote in Aiberta and Manitoba (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Alberta. ISBN 0-612-29051-4. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
• Bell, Edward A. (1993). Social classes and Social Credit in Alberta. McGill-Queens's University Press. ISBN 9780773564596.
• The Canadian Annual Review of Public Affairs, 1935 and 1936. Toronto: The Annual Review Company. 1939.

• Alberta's Provincial Liberal Leader (PDF). Liberal Party of Alberta. 1935.
• Aberhart, William (1935). Social Credit Manual: Social Credit as Applied to the Province of Alberta (PDF). Social Credit Party of Alberta. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
• Reid, R.G. (1935). Manifesto of the Alberta Government (PDF). United Farmers of Alberta. Retrieved September 28, 2021.

• List of Alberta political parties