1972 Pacific typhoon season

1972 Pacific typhoon season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formed	January 4, 1972
Last system dissipated	December 21, 1972
Strongest storm
Name	Rita
• Maximum winds	270 km/h (165 mph) (1-minute sustained)
• Lowest pressure	910 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Total depressions	63
Total storms	31
Typhoons	24
Super typhoons	2 (unofficial)
Total fatalities	> 1,169
Total damage	> $585 million (1972 USD)
Related articles
1972 Atlantic hurricane season 1972 Pacific hurricane season 1972 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
Pacific typhoon seasons 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974

The 1972 Pacific typhoon season was an above average season, producing 31 tropical storms, 24 typhoons and 2 intense typhoons. It has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1972, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the International Date Line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1972 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions in this basin have the "W" suffix added to their number. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by PAGASA (the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. This can often result in the same storm having two names.

A total of 36 tropical depressions formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which 30 became tropical storms. Twenty-two storms reached typhoon intensity, of which two reached super typhoon strength.^[1]

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 4-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	January 4 – January 11
Peak intensity	220 km/h (140 mph) (1-min); 940 hPa (mbar)

A tropical disturbance generated by an upper tropospheric low in the mid-Pacific trough moved westward through the Caroline Islands, slowly organizing into Tropical Depression 1W on January 5. The depression quickly strengthened, reaching tropical storm status later that day and becoming a typhoon on the 6th as it neared the Philippines. Kit rapidly intensified on the 6th and 7th to a 140 mph (230 km/h) typhoon, the strongest ever in January, but its inflow was cut off to the west, weakening the typhoon as it continued westward. Kit hit the eastern Philippines as a 100 mph (200 km/h) typhoon on January 7, and turned north through the archipelago in response to a break in the subtropical ridge. This brought Kit eastward then southward, where after completing its large loop it dissipated on January 15, just 170 nautical miles (310 km) from its starting location.^[2]

This unusual, unexpected, and unseasonably strong typhoon killed 204 people and caused nearly $23 million in damage (1972 USD) in the Philippines. The destruction was mostly due to rains and flooding.^[2]

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Duration	April 2 – April 6
Peak intensity	55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min); 1004 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 02W was a weak system that existed near the equator, doing a loop then traveling eastwards as a disturbance before dissipating.

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 3-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	May 27 – June 8
Peak intensity	195 km/h (120 mph) (1-min); 955 hPa (mbar)

The northern hemisphere part of a "cyclone twin" developed into a tropical depression west of Kwajalein on May 29. It headed west and slowly strengthened. As it turned to the northwest and then the north northeast, it reached its maximum intensity on June 5. It continued heading north northeast, steadily weakened, and went extratropical on June 7.^[3]

Lola passed close enough to some of the islands in Micronesia to cause damage. Two fishermen were reported missing. Wind and waves caused $18 thousand (1972 USD) in damage to Pohnpei and nearby atolls. They also destroyed the fresh water system, causing a shortage of drinking water. On Pingelap and Mokil, sixty houses were destroyed.^[3]

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	June 1 – June 4
Peak intensity	95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min); 990 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Nina formed as a disturbance heading westwards. It briefly became a tropical depression south of Guam, but it weakened back to a disturbance as it turned back eastwards. As it traveled eastwards, it reintensified, becoming a tropical storm late on the 3rd while far east-southeast of Guam. It did not last, though, weakening back to a disturbance on the 4th and dissipating on the 5th.

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	June 1 – June 7
Peak intensity	85 km/h (50 mph) (1-min); 996 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Mamie formed as a disturbance over the Philippines. It traveled westwards, becoming a tropical depression over the South China Sea, and then becoming a tropical storm on the 1st. The tropical storm made landfall in Vietnam late on the 3rd. It weakened to a tropical depression over land, and it became non-tropical as it went offshore. The extratropical remnants of Mamie traveled northeastwards along the Chinese coast, finally dissipating over Hokkaido.

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	June 22 – June 27
Peak intensity	150 km/h (90 mph) (1-min); 980 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Ora, which formed on June 22, crossed the northern Philippines on the 24th and 25th as an 85 mph (137 km/h) typhoon. It weakened over land, but restrengthened in the South China Sea to a 90 mph (140 km/h) typhoon before hitting southern China on June 27. An unusual feature about Ora was while crossing the South China Sea, it never featured a wall cloud, even though it had winds of typhoon strength.^[4]

Ora caused heavy damage to the Manila area in the Philippines. It killed 131 people, including four who died when a ferry in the Bicol region capsized. In Manila Harbor, several ships were blown ashore. All in all, Ora left 385 thousand people homeless and caused $15 million (1972 USD) in damage.^[4]

Tropical depression (PAGASA)
Duration	June 28 – June 30
Peak intensity	55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 4-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	July 4 – July 15
Peak intensity	220 km/h (140 mph) (1-min); 945 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Phyllis, which formed on July 5, quickly intensified from late on July 9 to early July 11 to a 140 mph (230 km/h) typhoon. The typhoon turned to the northwest, steadily weakening as it approached Japan. Phyllis struck southeastern Japan on July 15 as a tropical storm, and became extratropical that night.^[5]

In Japan, Phyllis caused 3 deaths, more than 300 landslides, and flooded more than 6000 homes. Overall damage was moderate.^[5]

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 5-equivalent super typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	July 5 – July 26
Peak intensity	270 km/h (165 mph) (1-min); 910 hPa (mbar)

The near-equatorial trough spawned four tropical cyclones on July 5, one of which would become Super Typhoon Rita. Having originated over the open Western Pacific, the depression tracked westward, becoming a tropical storm on July 7 and a typhoon the next day. Rita quickly intensified, reaching super typhoon strength on July 10 and a peak of 165 mph (266 km/h) on July 11. The typhoon stalled and weakened over the next two days as it headed to the northeast. On the July 15 and July 16, Rita again stalled, weakening down to 75 mph (121 km/h), as Tropical Storm Phyllis swung around its circulation and struck Japan. Rita then turned to the north, where it was able to restrengthen. Typhoon Tess at that time was just located some 800 nm east of Rita. A Fujiwhara interaction took place, forcing Rita executed a large loop from July 21 to July 25. In that loop the Rita caught USS Alamo and USS Juneau as they sought to evade to the south after dropping of US Marines and equipment in Okinawa. Both ships weathered the storm but Alamo sustained minor damage in the plunging seas. After looping and passing Okinawa, she continued to the northwest and began to accelerate as she entered a confluent zone created by a trough over Manchuria and a building ridge over the Sea of Japan. She passed by western South Korea, made landfall at Shidao port, Shandong and then weakened into a tropical storm. Rita entered the Bohai Sea, hit northeastern China, and dissipated over the Yanshan mountain northwest of Peking, China on the night of July 27.^[6]

Rita's large size and long life caused heavy rains throughout the areas it hit.^[6] Rita and Tropical Storm Susan's presence strengthened the southwest monsoon flow over Luzon, where torrential rains occurring between July 17 and July 21 lead to disastrous flooding which killed 214 and with over $150 million in damage.^[7] Near Guam, on July 8, the typhoon caused an Air Force Boeing B-52 to crash into the ocean, killing one member of its six-man crew. The remaining crew members were rescued by a US Navy nuclear attack submarine which surfaced in the roiling seas and literally fished the men out by using a line attached to a periscope and reeling them in as the boat rolled in the seas. In Taiwan, heavy rains caused landslides, one of which derailed a train, killing three. In Korea, eight people were killed, more fifty small vessels were lost, and more than two hundred buildings were destroyed. In the Ryukyu Islands, three people were killed. Crop damage was heavy, numerous boats were sunk, and several highways were blocked by mudslides.^[6]

Rita killed 229 people, making it this season's deadliest typhoon.^[1]

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	July 5 – July 15
Peak intensity	120 km/h (75 mph) (1-min); 980 hPa (mbar)

A disturbance in the ITCZ became a tropical depression on July 5. It headed northwest over the Philippines. It intensified into a tropical storm almost immediately after entering the South China Sea on July 8. It then turned north, and erratically drifted and looped for four days. On July 11, Susan became a typhoon. On July 14, Susan moved close to the Taiwan Strait. It made landfall on the coast of Fujian province, and dissipated inland on July 15.^[8]

Susan caused heavy waves on the western coast of Luzon. Along with Super Typhoon Rita, Susan altered the monsoon winds over the Philippines,^[8] which caused flooding that killed 214 people;^[7] however, as Rita was primarily responsible for these conditions,^[8] the Joint Typhoon Warning Center attributes these deaths to the former system.^[1] By itself, Susan killed four people in Taiwan.^[8] Typhoon Susan sank the SS Oriental Falcon on 12 July 1972 after it ran aground in South China.

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 4-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	July 7 – July 24
Peak intensity	230 km/h (145 mph) (1-min); 940 hPa (mbar)

The same near-equatorial trough that developed Rita also developed Typhoon Tess. Tess, having developed on July 7 near the Marshall Islands, tracked westward, reaching typhoon status on July 12. Over the next two days, as Tess turned to the northwest, it rapidly intensified to a 145 mph (233 km/h) typhoon. Steadily weakening as it continued northwestward, Tess bent back to the west in response to the building of a high pressure cell over Japan. The Fujiwhara effect between Tess and Rita brought 75 mph (121 km/h) Typhoon Tess into Japan on July 23. After dissipating over Sea of Japan, Tess continued northward, and merged with a front south of Vladivostok on July 25.^[9]

In Japan, Tess caused strong flooding and strong surf. This killed 29 people, with 20 missing. These casualties were mostly swimmers caught in the surf.^[9]

Typhoon (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	July 19 – July 27
Peak intensity	110 km/h (70 mph) (1-min); 975 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Viola (classified as a tropical storm by the JTWC) spent its entire life far offshore. Its precursor disturbance formed south of Wake Island on the 21st, and it traveled westwards then northwards at around 160 degrees west, before turning back eastwards on the 24th and eventually becoming extratropical on the 26th.

Tropical depression (PAGASA)
Duration	July 29 – July 30
Peak intensity	55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	July 29 – August 3
Peak intensity	110 km/h (70 mph) (1-min); 990 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Winnie formed as a disturbance far east of the Philippines. The disturbance did a small loop, then headed northwestwards, intensifying into a tropical storm at midnight on the 30th. It continued, traveling north of the island of Taiwan before making landfall in China on the 1st of August. The storm quickly weakened into a disturbance, which traveled slowly inland before dissipating.

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 2-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	July 28 – August 9
Peak intensity	165 km/h (105 mph) (1-min); 965 hPa (mbar)

A tropical disturbance emerged from the ITCZ on July 29 and passed through the Marshalls. It became a tropical depression on July 30 and a tropical storm the next day. It and headed in the direction of Japan. Alice became a typhoon on August 2 and reached its maximum intensity on August 4 while southwest of Marcus. As Alice continued approaching Japan, it steadily weakened. It recurved, brushed Honshu, and went extratropical on August 8. It never made landfall.^[10]

Waves generated by Alice's storm surge caused a river to overflow in Iwaki, which affected three hundred houses. No one was killed.^[10]

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 4-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	August 8 – August 18
Peak intensity	250 km/h (155 mph) (1-min); 910 hPa (mbar)

A tropical depression formed near the Caroline Islands on August 8. It passed through the Marianas Islands after becoming a tropical storm. Betty turned to the west and peaked as a super typhoon on August 15. It turned to more to the west northwest, passed over the southern Ryukyus and just north of Taiwan, and made landfall on the coast China on August 17. It rapidly weakened inland, and dissipated the next day.^[11]

Betty had minimal effects in the Ryukyu Islands. In the Philippines, it enhanced monsoon rains. This caused flooding, which killed seven people in Ilocos Sur. Four other people were presumed dead after a light aircraft went missing. In Taiwan, rains were heavy. The resulting floods in Sanchong District stranded 300 thousand people, and washed out roads and railways. More than 220 houses were totally destroyed, with at least another 130 badly damaged. Betty killed eighteen people in Taiwan, and twenty-nine overall. The total cost of damage is unknown.^[11]

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Duration	August 10 – August 13
Peak intensity	55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min);

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	August 24 – August 29
Peak intensity	120 km/h (75 mph) (1-min); 975 hPa (mbar)

A disturbance west of Luzon became a tropical depression on August 22. It headed into the South China Sea and strengthened into a tropical storm. As it approached Hainan, it became only the fourth August tropical cyclone to intensify into a typhoon in the South China Sea since 1945. It made landfall on Hainan on August 28, emerged into the Gulf of Tonkin, and made a second landfall north of Haiphong. Cora had dissipated inland by August 29.^[12]

No damage was reported, and no one was killed.^[13]

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	August 25 – August 29
Peak intensity	100 km/h (65 mph) (1-min); 985 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Doris stayed far from land. It formed far north of Wake Island and traveled north, becoming a tropical storm on the 26th, but it became extratropical on the 29th and dissipated shortly thereafter.

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	August 31 – September 6
Peak intensity	140 km/h (85 mph) (1-min); 975 hPa (mbar)

West of Leyte Gulf, a tropical depression formed on August 30. It intensified into a tropical storm after entering the South China Sea. It strengthened into a typhoon on September 1 and slowed down. It made landfall in northern South Vietnam on September 4. It rapidly weakened inland but kept its identity. It transited the Indochina Peninsula^[13] and emerged into the Bay of Bengal on September 7, becoming Tropical Cyclone 24-72 of the 1972 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. Ex-Elsie gradually restrengthened as it crossed the Bay of Bengal. It made landfall on the coast of India on September 10 and rapidly dissipated inland.^[14]

While crossing Thailand, Elsie caused heavy flooding.^[12] No other impact was reported to the JTWC.^[1][14]

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	September 7 – September 18
Peak intensity	140 km/h (85 mph) (1-min); 975 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Flossie formed as a disturbance west of Guam late on the 5th of September. The system intensified into a tropical storm just before landfall on Luzon. The cyclone then traveled slowly across the South China Sea, becoming a low-level typhoon before making landfall in Vietnam on the 16th. It weakened to a tropical depression as it crossed Vietnam, but it reintensified after entering the Bay of Bengal as Tropical Cyclone 25-72.^[15]

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	September 11 – September 14
Peak intensity	95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min); 990 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 3-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	September 10 – September 18
Peak intensity	185 km/h (115 mph) (1-min); 955 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Helen was the most destructive tropical cyclone to strike Japan during the 1972 Pacific typhoon season. Originating from a tropical disturbance on September 11 near the Northern Mariana Islands, Helen gradually intensified as it moved northwestward. By September 14, it reached typhoon strength and soon turned northeast towards Japan. Accelerating due to a trough over the East China Sea, Helen rapidly approached the country and made landfall near Cape Kushimoto as a Category 3-equivalent typhoon on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale. Later that day, a weakened Helen emerged into the Sea of Japan. After merging with an upper-level low, the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September 19 and was last noted two days later after moving through southern Hokkaido.

In Japan, Typhoon Helen produced torrential rain, peaking at 790 mm (31 in) in Hokkaido, and damaging winds that caused widespread damage. A total of 4,213 homes were destroyed and another 146,547 were damaged as a result of flash flooding and landslides. Numerous vessels ran aground due to rough seas associated with the storm, including several thousand ton cargo freighters. In all, 87 fatalities and $102 million in damage was attributed to Typhoon Helen.

Tropical depression (JMA)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Duration	September 13 – September 15
Peak intensity	55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min); 1000 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 3-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	September 16 – September 25
Peak intensity	205 km/h (125 mph) (1-min); 930 hPa (mbar)

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Duration	September 17 – September 19
Peak intensity	55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min);

Typhoon (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	September 27 – October 6
Peak intensity	110 km/h (70 mph) (1-min); 980 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	September 27 – October 3
Peak intensity	140 km/h (85 mph) (1-min); 990 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 4-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	October 4 – October 16
Peak intensity	215 km/h (130 mph) (1-min); 935 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Marie formed on October 4 and tracked westwards, while it intensified into a category 4 typhoon. Soon after reaching peak intensity, Marie weakened and turned northward and affected the northern Soviet Union and Japan until it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on October 16. Marie did not inflict much damage during its 12-day duration.

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 3-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	October 16 – October 26
Peak intensity	195 km/h (120 mph) (1-min); 945 hPa (mbar)

Tropical depression (PAGASA)
Duration	October 17 – October 19
Peak intensity	55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 3-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	October 21 – October 29
Peak intensity	195 km/h (120 mph) (1-min); 940 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 3-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	November 2 – November 9
Peak intensity	205 km/h (125 mph) (1-min); 940 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Pamela struck Hong Kong killing one person.^[16]

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 3-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	November 14 – November 21
Peak intensity	205 km/h (125 mph) (1-min); 940 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	November 30 – December 4
Peak intensity	150 km/h (90 mph) (1-min); 985 hPa (mbar)

On November 30, a low-pressure area formed near Borneo, before moving westwards towards the Gulf Of Thailand and eventually becoming Typhoon Sally. Typhoon Sally made landfall near the Surat Thani province of Thailand and gradually weakened to a remnant low in the Bay of Bengal on December 2, dissipating in the same area.

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 3-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	December 1 – December 11
Peak intensity	195 km/h (120 mph) (1-min); 945 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Therese, having developed on November 30, struck the Philippines on December 3. After crossing the islands, the typhoon reached a peak of 120 mph (190 km/h) winds in the South China Sea, a rare event for December. Therese's intensity fluctuated as it continued westward, and hit eastern South Vietnam on the 9th as a 115 mph (185 km/h) typhoon. Therese dissipated on the 12th, after causing 90 deaths and extensive damage on its path.

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	December 12 – December 21
Peak intensity	100 km/h (65 mph) (1-min); 995 hPa (mbar)

During the season 29 named tropical cyclones developed in the Western Pacific and were named by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, when it was determined that they had become tropical storms. These names were contributed to a revised list from late 1950.

Kit

Lola

Mamie

Nina

Ora

Phyllis

Rita

Susan

Tess

Viola

Winnie

Alice

Betty

Cora

Doris

Elsie

Flossie

Grace

Helen

Ida

Kathy

Lorna

Marie

Nancy

Olga

Pamela

Sally

Therese

Violet

Two Central Pacific system developed, Tropical Storms June and Ruby. The naming policy at the time was to use Western Pacific names the Central Pacific.

Asiang	Biring	Konsing	Didang	Edeng
Gloring	Huaning	Isang	Lusing	Maring
Nitang	Osang	Paring	Reming	Seniang
Toyang	Undang	Welpring (unused)	Yoning (unused)
Auxiliary list
				Aring (unused)
Basiang (unused)	Kayang (unused)	Dorang (unused)	Enang (unused)	Grasing (unused)

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration uses its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility. PAGASA assigns names to tropical depressions that form within their area of responsibility and any tropical cyclone that might move into their area of responsibility. Should the list of names for a given year prove to be insufficient, names are taken from an auxiliary list, the first 6 of which are published each year before the season starts. Names not retired from this list will be used again in the 1976 season. This is the same list used for the 1968 season. PAGASA uses its own naming scheme that starts in the Filipino alphabet, with names of Filipino female names ending with "ng" (A, B, K, D, etc.). Names that were not assigned/going to use are marked in gray.

This table will list all the storms that developed in the northwestern Pacific Ocean west of the International Date Line and north of the equator during 1972. It will include their intensity, duration, name, areas affected, deaths, missing persons (in parentheses), and damage totals. Classification and intensity values will be based on estimations conducted by the JMA, however due to lack of information around this time sustained winds were recorded by the JTWC. All damage figures will be in 1972 USD. Damages and deaths from a storm will include when the storm was a precursor wave or an extratropical low.

• 1972 Pacific hurricane season
• 1972 Atlantic hurricane season
• 1972 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
• Australian cyclone seasons: 1971–72, 1972–73
• South Pacific cyclone seasons: 1971–72, 1972–73
• South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 1971–72, 1972–73

• Japan Meteorological Agency
• Joint Typhoon Warning Center Archived 2010-03-01 at the Wayback Machine.
• China Meteorological Agency
• National Weather Service Guam
• Hong Kong Observatory
• Macau Meteorological Geophysical Services
• Korea Meteorological Agency
• Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
• Taiwan Central Weather Bureau
• Digital Typhoon - Typhoon Images and Information
• Typhoon2000 Philippine typhoon website