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1985 in spaceflight

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 14 min

1985 in spaceflight
National firsts
Space traveller Mexico
 Saudi Arabia
Rockets
Maiden flightsSpace Shuttle Atlantis
M-3SII
Crewed flights
Orbital11
Total travellers63
1985 in spaceflight
← 1984
1986 →

The following is an outline of 1985 in spaceflight.

Overview

[edit]

First Atlantis flight

[edit]
This section is an excerpt from Space Shuttle Atlantis.[edit]
Atlantis in orbit in 2010, during STS-132
Space Shuttle Atlantis (Orbiter Vehicle designation: OV‑104) is a retired Space Shuttle orbiter vehicle which belongs to NASA, the spaceflight and space exploration agency of the United States.[1] Atlantis was manufactured by the Rockwell International company in Southern California and was delivered to the Kennedy Space Center in Eastern Florida in April 1985. Atlantis is also the fourth operational and the second-to-last Space Shuttle built.[2][3] Its maiden flight was STS-51-J made from October 3 to 7, 1985.

Orbital launches

[edit]
Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat) 		Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks

January

[edit]
7 January
19:26 		Japan M-3SII / KM-P M-3SII-1 Japan Kagoshima LP-M Japan ISAS
Japan Sakigake (MS-T5) ISAS Heliocentric 1P/Halley comet flyby 8 January 1999 Successful
Maiden flight of M-3SII. First Japanese deep space probe.
9 January
10:45 		Soviet Union Soyuz U Soviet Union Baikonur Site 31/6 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1616 (Yantar-4K2 №12/Kobalt №12) GRU Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
15 January
14:50 		Soviet Union Tsyklon-3 Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 32/1 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1617 (Strela-3 №1) VKS Low Earth Military communications In orbit Operational
Soviet Union Kosmos 1618 (Strela-3 №2) VKS Low Earth Military communications In orbit Operational
Soviet Union Kosmos 1619 (Strela-3 №3) VKS Low Earth Military communications In orbit Operational
Soviet Union Kosmos 1620 (Strela-3 №4) VKS Low Earth Military communications In orbit Operational
Soviet Union Kosmos 1621 (Strela-3 №5) VKS Low Earth Military communications In orbit Operational
Soviet Union Kosmos 1622 (Strela-3 №6) VKS Low Earth Military communications In orbit Operational
16 January Soviet Union Molniya-M / Blok-ML Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 43/4 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Molniya-3 36L Molniya Communications In orbit Operational
16 January Soviet Union Soyuz U Soviet Union Baikonur Site 1/5 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1623 (Zenit-8 №10/Oblik №10) GRU Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
17 January Soviet Union Kosmos-3M Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/1 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1624 (Strela-2M №36) Low Earth Military communications In orbit Operational
18 January Soviet Union Proton-K / Blok-DM Soviet Union Baikonur Site 200/39 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Gorizont 11 (Gorizont 21L) Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
23 January Soviet Union Tsyklon-2 Soviet Union Baikonur LC-90 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1625 (US-P №20) Low Earth In orbit Operational
24 January Soviet Union Tsyklon-3 Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 32/2 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1626 (Tselina-D №47) Low Earth SIGINT In orbit Operational
24 January
19:50 		United States Space Shuttle Discovery / IUS United States Kennedy LC-39A United States United Space Alliance
United States STS-51-C NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment 27 January
21:23		 Successful
United States Orion 1 (USA-8/Magnum 1) NRO Geosynchronous ELINT In orbit Successful
Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts

February

[edit]
1 February
19:36 		Soviet Union Kosmos-3M Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/2 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1627 (Parus №48) Low Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
6 February Soviet Union Soyuz U Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 41/1 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1628 (Zenit-8 №11/Oblik №11) GRU Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
6 February Soviet Union Tsyklon-3 Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 32/1 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Meteor-2 12 Low Earth Meteorology In orbit Operational
8 February
06:10 		United States Titan 34B / Agena-D United States Vandenberg SLC-4W United States
United States Quasar 6 (SDS 6/USA-9) NRO Molniya Communications In orbit Successful
8 February
23:22 		European Union Ariane 3 France Kourou ELA-1 France Arianespace
Saudi Arabia Arabsat-1A Arabsat Geosynchronous Communications March 1992 Successful
Brazil Brasilsat-A1 Embratel Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Successful
Arabsat 1A failed in March 1992
21 February Soviet Union Proton-K Blok-DM Soviet Union Baikonur Site 200/39 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1629 (US-KS №3) Geosynchronous Early warning In orbit Operational
27 February Soviet Union Soyuz U Soviet Union Baikonur Site 31/6 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1630 (Yantar-4K2 №13/Kobalt №13) GRU Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
27 February Soviet Union Kosmos-3M Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/1 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1631 (Taifun-1 №18/Vektor №18) Low Earth Radar Calibration In orbit Operational

March

[edit]
1 March Soviet Union Soyuz U Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 41/1 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1632 (Zenit-8 №12/Oblik №12) GRU Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
5 March Soviet Union Tsyklon-3 Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 32/2 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1633 (Tselina-D №48) Low Earth SIGINT In orbit Operational
13 March
02:00 		United States Atlas E / OIS United States Vandenberg SLC-3W United States
United States Geosat US Navy Sun-synchronous Earth observation In orbit Successful
Mission ended in January 1990
14 March Soviet Union Kosmos-3M Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/2 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1634 (Parus №49) Low Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
21 March Soviet Union Kosmos-3M Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/2 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1635 (Strela-1M №289) Low Earth Military communications In orbit Operational
Soviet Union Kosmos 1636 (Strela-1M №290) Low Earth Military communications In orbit Operational
Soviet Union Kosmos 1637 (Strela-1M №291) Low Earth Military communications In orbit Operational
Soviet Union Kosmos 1638 (Strela-1M №292) Low Earth Military communications In orbit Operational
Soviet Union Kosmos 1639 (Strela-1M №293) Low Earth Military communications In orbit Operational
Soviet Union Kosmos 1640 (Strela-1M №294) Low Earth Military communications In orbit Operational
Soviet Union Kosmos 1641 (Strela-1M №295) Low Earth Military communications In orbit Operational
Soviet Union Kosmos 1642 (Strela-1M №296) Low Earth Military communications In orbit Operational
22 March Soviet Union Proton-K Blok-DM Soviet Union Baikonur Site 200/40 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Ekran 14 (Ekran 28L) NPO PM Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
22 March
23:55:00 		United States Atlas G / Centaur-D1AR AC-63 United States Cape Canaveral LC-36B United States
United Nations Intelsat VA F-10 (Intelsat 510) Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications July 1999 Successful
25 March Soviet Union Soyuz U Soviet Union Baikonur Site 1/5 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1643 (Yantar-4KS1 №3/Terilen №3) GRU Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational

April

[edit]
3 April Soviet Union Soyuz U Soviet Union Baikonur Site 31/6 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1644 (Zenit-8 №13/Oblik №13) GRU Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
12 April
13:59 		United States Space Shuttle Discovery / PAM-D United States Kennedy LC-39A United States United Space Alliance
United States STS-51-D NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment 19 April
13:54		 Successful
Canada Anik C1 Telesat Canada Current: Graveyard
Operational: Geosynchronous 		Communications In orbit Successful
United StatesLeasat 3 (Syncom-4 3) US Navy Current: Graveyard
Operational: Geosynchronous 		Communications In orbit Successful
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first sitting member of the United States Congress to fly in space (Senator Jake Garn).
Anik C1 was retired on 5 May 2003.
Leasat 3 failed to maneuver to geosynchronous orbit and was re-captured by mission STS-51-I in August, repaired and subsequently maneuvered to geosynchronous orbit.
Discovery suffered extensive brake and tyre damage upon landing at Kennedy Space Center.
13 April Soviet Union Zenit-2 Soviet Union Baikonur Site 45 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos (1645) (EPN 03.0694 №1) Low Earth Vehicle Evaluation In orbit Failure
16 April Soviet Union Soyuz U Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 41/1 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1645 (Foton №1) Low Earth Microgravity In orbit Operational
18 April Soviet Union Tsyklon-2 Soviet Union Baikonur Site 90 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1646 (US-P №21) GRU Low Earth In orbit Operational
19 April Soviet Union Soyuz U Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 41/1 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1647 (Yantar-4K2 №14/Kobalt №14) GRU Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
25 April Soviet Union Soyuz U Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 43/4 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1648 (Zenit-8 №14/Oblik №14) GRU Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
26 April Soviet Union Molniya-M / Blok-SO-L Soviet Union Baikonur Site 31/6 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Interkosmos 23 (Prognoz №10) NPO Lavochkin Molniya Magnetosphere research In orbit Operational
29 April
16:02 		United States Space Shuttle Challenger United States Kennedy LC-39A United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United States STS-51-B NASA Low Earth Microgravity research 6 May
16:11		 Successful
United StatesEuropean Union Spacelab Long Module 1 NASA/ESRO Low Earth (Challenger) Microgravity research Successful
United States GLOMAR Intended: Low Earth Getaway Special Deployment failure
United States NUSAT Low Earth Getaway Special 15 December Successful
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts; GLOMAR failed to deploy from its GAS canister

May

[edit]
8 May
01:15 		European UnionAriane 3 FranceKourou ELA FranceArianespace
United StatesGStar 1 GTE Spacenet Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Successful
FranceTelecom 1B France Télécom Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Successful

June

[edit]
6 June
06:39 		Soviet UnionSoyuz-U2 Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 1/5 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionSoyuz T-13 Low Earth (Salyut 7) Salyut 7 EO-4 26 September
09:51		 Successful
Crewed orbital flight with two cosmonauts
17 June
11:33 		United StatesSpace Shuttle Discovery United StatesKennedy LC-39A United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-51-G NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment 24 June
13:11		 Successful
MexicoMorelos 1 Morelos Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Successful
Saudi ArabiaArabsat-1B Arabsat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Successful
United StatesTelstar 303 AT&T Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Successful
United StatesSpartan 101 NASA Low Earth Astronomy 24 June
13:11		 Successful
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first Saudi Arabian space traveller and member of royalty to fly in space (Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud)
Arabsat 1B retired in 1993.
21 June
00:39 		Soviet UnionSoyuz-U Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 1/5 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionProgress 24 Low Earth (Salyut 7) Logistics 15 July
22:33		 Successful
30 June
00:44 		United StatesAtlas G United StatesCape Canaveral LC-36B United States
United NationsIntelsat 511 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Successful

July

[edit]
2 July
11:23 		European UnionAriane 1 FranceKourou ELA FranceArianespace
European UnionGiotto ESA Heliocentric Flyby of Halley's Comet In orbit Successful
Closest approach of Halley's Comet (596 kilometres (370 mi)) achieved on 13 March 1986
Closest approach of 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup (200 kilometres (120 mi)) achieved on 10 July 1992
19 July
13:05 		Soviet UnionSoyuz-U Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 1/5 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionKosmos 1669 (Progress) Low Earth (Salyut 7) Logistics 30 August
01:20		 Successful
29 July
21:00 		United StatesSpace Shuttle Challenger United StatesKennedy LC-39A United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-51-F NASA Low Earth Astronomical experiments 6 August
19:45		 Successful
United StatesPDP NASA Low Earth Plasma research Successful
United StatesEuropean UnionSpacelab 2 (three pallets) NASA/ESRO Low Earth (Challenger) Astronomy Successful
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts; A main engine shut-down during ascent caused an Abort to Orbit, the first (and only) abort of the Space Shuttle program.

August

[edit]
27 August
10:58 		United StatesSpace Shuttle Discovery United StatesKennedy LC-39A United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-51-I NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment and repair 3 September
13:15		 Successful
AustraliaAussat 1 Aussat Pty Ltd Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Successful
United StatesASC-1 ASC Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Successful
United StatesLeasat 4 US Navy Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Spacecraft failure
Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts
Leasat 4 failed in orbit after becoming operational for a short period
Retrieved Leasat 3, deployed by STS-51-D in April and repaired the malfunctioning perigee motor to allow the satellite to reach geosynchronous orbit.
28 August
21:20 		United StatesTitan 34D United StatesVandenberg SLC-4E United States
United StatesKH-11-7 NRO Intended: Sun-synchronous Reconnaissance 28 August Launch Failure
First stage propellant feed malfunction

September

[edit]
12 September
23:26 		European UnionAriane 3 FranceKourou ELA FranceArianespace
FranceEutelsat 1F3 Eutelsat Intended: Geosynchronous Communications 12 September Launch Failure
United StatesSpacenet F3 Spacenet Intended: Geosynchronous Communications
Third stage failed to ignite
17 September
12:38 		Soviet UnionSoyuz-U2 Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 1/5 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionSoyuz T-14 Low Earth (Salyut 7) Salyut 7 EP-5 21 November
10:31		 Successful
Crewed orbital flight with three cosmonauts
27 September
08:41 		Soviet UnionProton-K Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 200/39 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionKosmos 1686 (TKS) Low Earth (Salyut 7) Logistics 7 February 1991 Successful
TKS-4; remained docked with Salyut 7 through that station's re-entry
28 September
23:17 		United StatesAtlas G United StatesCape Canaveral LC-36B United States
United NationsIntelsat 512 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Successful

October

[edit]
3 October
15:15 		United StatesSpace Shuttle Atlantis United StatesKennedy LC-39A United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-51-J NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment 7 October
17:00		 Successful
United StatesUSA-11 (DSCS-III) US Air Force Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Successful
United StatesUSA-12 (DSCS-III) US Air Force Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Successful
Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts; Maiden flight of Space Shuttle Atlantis
9 October
02:53 		United StatesAtlas E/SGS-2 United StatesVandenberg SLC-3W United States
United StatesUSA-10 (GPS-11) US Air Force Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Successful
30 October
17:00 		United StatesSpace Shuttle Challenger United StatesKennedy LC-39A United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-61-A NASA Low Earth Microgravity research 6 November
17:44		 Successful
United StatesSpacelab Long Module 2 NASA Low Earth (Challenger) Spacelab D1 Successful
GermanyGLOMAR DLR Low Earth Getaway Special 26 December 1986 Successful
Crewed orbital flight with eight astronauts
Maiden flight of Spacelab Long Module #2

November

[edit]
27 November
00:29 		United StatesSpace Shuttle Atlantis United StatesKennedy LC-39A United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-61-B NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment 2 December
21:33		 Successful
MexicoMorelos 2 Morelos Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Successful
AustraliaAussat A2 Aussat Pty Ltd Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Successful
United StatesSatcom K2 RCA Americom Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Successful
United StatesOEX Target NASA Low Earth 2 March 1987 Successful
United StatesEASE/ACCESS NASA Low Earth (Atlantis) Structure assembly experiment 2 December
21:33		 Successful
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first Mexican space traveller.

December

[edit]

Suborbital launches

[edit]
Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat) 		Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks

September

[edit]
13 September United StatesASM-135 ASAT United StatesCelestial Eagle, Vandenberg United StatesUS Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital Anti-satellite weapon 13 September Successful
Successful intercept and destruction of Solwind P78-1.


Deep Space Rendezvous

[edit]
Date (GMT) Spacecraft Event Remarks
11 June Vega 1 delivered lander and balloon on Venus
15 June Vega 2 delivered lander and balloon on Venus
11 September ISEE-3/ICE Flyby of 21P/Giacobini-Zinner

EVAs

[edit]
Start Date/Time Duration End Time Spacecraft Crew Remarks
16 April 3 hours
6 minutes 		STS-51-D
Discovery 		United StatesJeffrey A. Hoffman
United StatesS. David Griggs 		Installed an improvised switch-pulling tool, called the Flyswatter, on the RMS robotic arm. The Flyswatter was used in an effort to push the sequencer start lever on the Leasat-3 in the proper position for deployment.[4] This attempted repair was the first unplanned spacewalk in NASA history.[5]
2 August
07:15 		5 hours 12:15 Salyut 7 EO-4 Soviet UnionVladimir Dzhanibekov
Soviet UnionViktor Savinykh 		Installed a third pair of solar arrays on exterior of Salyut 7.
31 August 7 hours
20 minutes 		STS-51-I
Discovery 		United StatesWilliam Fisher
United StatesJames van Hoften 		Van Hoften rode the RMS to capture the Leasat 3 satellite and pulled it into payload bay. Fisher and Van Hoften secured and started repairs on the satellite in the payload bay. The retrieval was complicated by a malfunction of the RMS that made operation of the arm more complicated.[6]
1 September 4 hours
26 minutes 		STS-51-I
Discovery 		United StatesWilliam Fisher
United StatesJames van Hoften 		Completed repairs on the Leasat 3 satellite. Then Van Hoften, riding the RMS, heaved the satellite out of the payload bay, imparting the required spin needed to fire the perigee motor.[6]
29 November 5 hours
32 minutes 		STS-61-B
Atlantis 		United StatesJerry L. Ross
United StatesSherwood C. Spring 		Practiced construction techniques in the payload bay and assembled and disassembled the two experimental EASE/ACCESS structures.[7]
1 December 6 hours
41 minutes 		STS-61-B
Atlantis 		United StatesJerry L. Ross
United StatesSherwood C. Spring 		Conducted supplementary experiments on the EASE and ACCESS structures, including a test of the RMS to aid in the construction experiments.[7]

References

[edit]
  • Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
  • Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
  • Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.[dead link‍]
  • Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
  • Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  • McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
  • Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
  • Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
  • Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
  • Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
  • "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
  • "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
  • "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.[dead link‍]
  • "Space Information Center". JAXA.[dead link‍]
  • "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
Generic references:

Spaceflight portal

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ "Space Shuttle Overview: Atlantis (OV-104)". NASA. 2007. Archived from the original on 3 September 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2007. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ^ Justin Ray (11 May 2010). "Respecting Atlantis as the shuttle faces retirement". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2010.
  3. ^ Peter W. Merlin (20 May 2010). "Space Shuttle Atlantis Wraps Up 25-year Career". NASA. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2010. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  4. ^ "Space Shuttle Mission Archives". NASA. 2007. Archived from the original on 2 March 2009. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
  5. ^ Becker, Joachim; Janssen, Heinz Hermann (2009). "Human Spaceflights - STS-51D". Space Facts. Archived from the original on 29 July 2009. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
  6. ^ a b "Space Shuttle Flight 20 (STS-51A)". Space Shuttle Video Library. National Space Society. July 2008. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
  7. ^ a b Rumerman, Judith; Gamble, Chris; Okolski, Gabriel (2007). "Human Spaceflight" (PDF). NASA History Division. p. 45. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 23 February 2009.


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