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1988 United States presidential election in Texas

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Main article: 1988 United States presidential election
1988 United States presidential election in Texas
← 1984 November 8, 1988 1992 →
Turnout66.17% (of registered voters) Decrease
44.34% (of voting age population)[1]
 
Nominee George H. W. Bush Michael Dukakis
Party Republican Democratic
Home state Texas Massachusetts
Running mate Dan Quayle Lloyd Bentsen
Electoral vote 29 0
Popular vote 3,036,829 2,352,748
Percentage 55.95% 43.35%
President before election

Ronald Reagan
Republican

Elected President

George H. W. Bush
Republican

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The 1988 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 8, 1988. All fifty states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1988 United States presidential election. Texas voters chose 29 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.

Incumbent Vice President George H. W. Bush won his home state against Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis. Bush ran with Indiana Senator Dan Quayle as Vice President, and Dukakis ran with Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen.

Texas voted for Bush by a solid 12.6% margin. Texas had been considered a competitive, albeit Republican-leaning, state in the run-up to the election.[2]

Background

[edit]

Support for the Republican Party of Texas grew during the 1980s. Republican nominee Bill Clements won the governorship in 1978 and returned to the office in 1986 after losing in the 1982 election. Between 1978 and 1986, Republican membership in the Texas House of Representatives rose from 22 to 56, in the United States House of Representatives from 4 to 10, and in local and judicial offices from 0 to 504.[3]

Campaign

[edit]

Primary

[edit]

Dukakis won 38% of the white vote.[4] The racial composition of the Democratic primary was 67% white, 23% black, and 11% Hispanic.[5]

45% of white voters participated in the Republican primary.[6]

Dukakis selected Texas U.S. Senator Lloyd Bentsen, who had previously been considered in 1984, to serve as his vice-presidential running mate.[7][8] U.S. Senator Phil Gramm nominated Bush at the Republican National Convention.[9]

General

[edit]

Bentsen was running for reelection in the concurrent senatorial election against Republican nominee Beau Boulter. The Bush campaign and Texas GOP were initially interested in aiding Boulter, but later pursued a Texas Ticket strategy in which they promoted voting for both Bush in the presidential election and Bentsen in the senatorial election. Bentsen criticized the strategy on October 22, stating that the "Republicans are trying to peddle the notion that you can vote twice for Texas by voting for George Bush and Lloyd Bentsen".[10] Bentsen won reelection despite the Republican victory in the presidential election.[9]

61% of white voters supported Bush while 38% supported Dukakis.[11][12]

As of the 2024 presidential election, and despite Bill Clinton's two ensuing nationwide election victories (while holding the Republican margin of victory in Texas to single digits both times), the 1988 election constitutes the last occasion when Lee County, Calhoun County and San Saba County have supported the Democratic presidential nominee.[13]

Results

[edit]
1988 United States presidential election in Texas
Party Candidate Votes Percentage Electoral votes
Republican George H. W. Bush 3,036,829 55.95% 29
Democratic Michael Dukakis 2,352,748 43.35% 0
Libertarian Ron Paul 30,355[a] 0.56% 0
New Alliance Party Lenora Fulani 7,208 0.13% 0
Write-Ins 160[b] >0.01% 0
Socialist Workers Party James Warren 110[b] >0.01% 0
Totals 5,427,410 100.0% 29

Results by county

[edit]
County George H.W. Bush
Republican 		Michael Dukakis
Democratic 		Ron Paul[14]
Libertarian 		Various candidates
Other parties 		Margin Total votes cast
# % # % # % # % # %
Anderson 7,858 55.95% 6,128 43.63% 49 0.35% 10 0.07% 1,730 12.32% 14,045
Andrews 3,052 72.82% 1,122 26.77% 12 0.29% 5 0.12% 1,930 46.05% 4,191
Angelina 12,738 53.40% 10,849 45.48% 249 1.04% 16 0.07% 1,889 7.92% 23,852
Aransas 3,858 62.27% 2,305 37.20% 29 0.47% 4 0.06% 1,553 25.07% 6,196
Archer 2,010 55.13% 1,627 44.62% 9 0.25% 0 0.00% 383 10.51% 3,646
Armstrong 720 69.23% 314 30.19% 6 0.58% 0 0.00% 406 39.04% 1,040
Atascosa 4,777 50.26% 4,657 49.00% 63 0.66% 7 0.07% 120 1.26% 9,504
Austin 4,524 63.18% 2,593 36.22% 41 0.57% 2 0.03% 1,931 26.96% 7,160
Bailey 1,459 62.27% 876 37.39% 8 0.34% 0 0.00% 583 24.88% 2,343
Bandera 3,435 72.15% 1,251 26.28% 72 1.51% 3 0.06% 2,184 45.87% 4,761
Bastrop 5,991 42.51% 8,004 56.80% 91 0.65% 6 0.04% -2,013 -14.29% 14,092
Baylor 914 44.15% 1,153 55.70% 3 0.14% 0 0.00% -239 -11.55% 2,070
Bee 4,620 49.78% 4,616 49.74% 39 0.42% 6 0.06% 4 0.04% 9,281
Bell 29,382 61.79% 17,751 37.33% 365 0.77% 53 0.11% 11,631 24.46% 47,551
Bexar 193,192 52.25% 174,036 47.07% 2,144 0.58% 377 0.10% 19,156 5.18% 369,749
Blanco 1,680 61.79% 1,012 37.22% 24 0.88% 3 0.11% 668 24.57% 2,719
Borden 283 62.33% 169 37.22% 1 0.22% 1 0.22% 114 25.11% 454
Bosque 3,458 56.26% 2,670 43.44% 16 0.26% 3 0.05% 788 12.82% 6,147
Bowie 15,454 55.31% 12,331 44.13% 131 0.47% 25 0.09% 3,123 11.18% 27,941
Brazoria 34,028 57.60% 23,436 39.67% 1,549 2.62% 68 0.12% 10,592 17.93% 59,081
Brazos 29,369 65.72% 14,885 33.31% 348 0.78% 88 0.20% 14,484 32.41% 44,690
Brewster 1,708 51.55% 1,569 47.36% 33 1.00% 3 0.09% 139 4.19% 3,313
Briscoe 464 44.27% 574 54.77% 8 0.76% 2 0.19% -110 -10.50% 1,048
Brooks 608 17.43% 2,859 81.94% 10 0.29% 12 0.34% -2,251 -64.51% 3,489
Brown 6,810 58.68% 4,763 41.04% 29 0.25% 4 0.03% 2,047 17.64% 11,606
Burleson 2,242 41.99% 3,085 57.78% 11 0.21% 1 0.02% -843 -15.79% 5,339
Burnet 5,120 53.85% 4,343 45.68% 42 0.44% 3 0.03% 777 8.17% 9,508
Caldwell 3,553 43.00% 4,649 56.27% 52 0.63% 8 0.10% -1,096 -13.27% 8,262
Calhoun 3,183 48.79% 3,314 50.80% 21 0.32% 6 0.09% -131 -2.01% 6,524
Callahan 2,887 58.67% 2,017 40.99% 10 0.20% 7 0.14% 870 17.68% 4,921
Cameron 24,263 43.68% 30,972 55.75% 253 0.46% 64 0.12% -6,709 -12.07% 55,552
Camp 1,908 47.20% 2,121 52.47% 12 0.30% 1 0.02% -213 -5.27% 4,042
Carson 2,100 66.71% 1,034 32.85% 11 0.35% 3 0.10% 1,066 33.86% 3,148
Cass 5,305 47.11% 5,941 52.75% 14 0.12% 2 0.02% -636 -5.64% 11,262
Castro 1,604 52.61% 1,436 47.10% 8 0.26% 1 0.03% 168 5.51% 3,049
Chambers 3,694 54.48% 3,035 44.76% 46 0.68% 6 0.09% 659 9.72% 6,781
Cherokee 7,520 57.12% 5,604 42.57% 38 0.29% 3 0.02% 1,916 14.55% 13,165
Childress 1,201 52.98% 1,060 46.76% 6 0.26% 0 0.00% 141 6.22% 2,267
Clay 2,043 47.07% 2,288 52.72% 8 0.18% 1 0.02% -245 -5.65% 4,340
Cochran 771 52.74% 681 46.58% 8 0.55% 2 0.14% 90 6.16% 1,462
Coke 863 55.97% 674 43.71% 4 0.26% 1 0.06% 189 12.26% 1,542
Coleman 2,340 54.15% 1,978 45.78% 3 0.07% 0 0.00% 362 8.37% 4,321
Collin 67,776 74.29% 22,934 25.14% 465 0.51% 55 0.06% 44,842 49.15% 91,230
Collingsworth 872 51.81% 809 48.07% 2 0.12% 0 0.00% 63 3.74% 1,683
Colorado 3,723 56.41% 2,847 43.14% 26 0.39% 4 0.06% 876 13.27% 6,600
Comal 13,994 70.04% 5,716 28.61% 237 1.19% 33 0.17% 8,278 41.43% 19,980
Comanche 2,120 44.53% 2,622 55.07% 18 0.38% 1 0.02% -502 -10.54% 4,761
Concho 617 48.85% 643 50.91% 1 0.08% 2 0.16% -26 -2.06% 1,263
Cooke 7,196 62.84% 4,217 36.82% 30 0.26% 9 0.08% 2,979 26.02% 11,452
Coryell 7,461 64.17% 4,026 34.63% 123 1.06% 17 0.15% 3,435 29.54% 11,627
Cottle 379 35.00% 690 63.71% 14 1.29% 0 0.00% -311 -28.71% 1,083
Crane 1,219 67.05% 596 32.78% 3 0.17% 0 0.00% 623 34.27% 1,818
Crockett 932 51.24% 881 48.43% 6 0.33% 0 0.00% 51 2.81% 1,819
Crosby 1,121 43.75% 1,435 56.01% 5 0.20% 1 0.04% -314 -12.26% 2,562
Culberson 417 42.46% 557 56.72% 3 0.31% 5 0.51% -140 -14.26% 982
Dallam 1,205 64.72% 645 34.64% 12 0.64% 0 0.00% 560 30.08% 1,862
Dallas 347,094 58.38% 243,198 40.91% 3,446 0.58% 800 0.13% 103,896 17.47% 594,538
Dawson 3,154 59.32% 2,155 40.53% 6 0.11% 2 0.04% 999 18.79% 5,317
Deaf Smith 3,744 65.39% 1,930 33.71% 36 0.63% 16 0.28% 1,814 31.68% 5,726
Delta 849 40.41% 1,244 59.21% 8 0.38% 0 0.00% -395 -18.80% 2,101
Denton 57,444 68.22% 26,204 31.12% 474 0.56% 88 0.10% 31,240 37.10% 84,210
DeWitt 3,628 58.00% 2,579 41.23% 43 0.69% 5 0.08% 1,049 16.77% 6,255
Dickens 435 38.12% 696 61.00% 7 0.61% 3 0.26% -261 -22.88% 1,141
Dimmit 900 24.65% 2,735 74.91% 12 0.33% 4 0.11% -1,835 -50.26% 3,651
Donley 1,043 60.89% 661 38.59% 9 0.53% 0 0.00% 382 22.30% 1,713
Duval 907 17.79% 4,177 81.95% 11 0.22% 2 0.04% -3,270 -64.16% 5,097
Eastland 3,929 54.83% 3,215 44.86% 19 0.27% 3 0.04% 714 9.97% 7,166
Ector 23,155 67.80% 10,825 31.70% 152 0.45% 20 0.06% 12,330 36.10% 34,152
Edwards 556 59.78% 368 39.57% 4 0.43% 2 0.22% 188 20.21% 930
Ellis 16,422 59.18% 11,169 40.25% 104 0.37% 54 0.19% 5,253 18.93% 27,749
El Paso 55,573 46.79% 62,622 52.72% 434 0.37% 152 0.13% -7,049 -5.93% 118,781
Erath 5,427 56.71% 4,113 42.98% 0 0.00% 30 0.31% 1,314 13.73% 9,570
Falls 2,344 44.76% 2,877 54.94% 11 0.21% 5 0.10% -533 -10.18% 5,237
Fannin 4,024 43.67% 5,163 56.03% 23 0.25% 4 0.04% -1,139 -12.36% 9,214
Fayette 4,551 57.09% 3,390 42.53% 29 0.36% 1 0.01% 1,161 14.56% 7,971
Fisher 721 32.19% 1,516 67.68% 3 0.13% 0 0.00% -795 -35.49% 2,240
Floyd 1,741 55.48% 1,391 44.33% 3 0.10% 3 0.10% 350 11.15% 3,138
Foard 306 37.32% 513 62.56% 1 0.12% 0 0.00% -207 -25.24% 820
Fort Bend 39,818 62.43% 23,351 36.61% 458 0.72% 157 0.25% 16,467 25.82% 63,784
Franklin 1,439 49.69% 1,453 50.17% 3 0.10% 1 0.03% -14 -0.48% 2,896
Freestone 3,159 51.85% 2,916 47.87% 16 0.26% 1 0.02% 243 3.98% 6,092
Frio 1,505 33.16% 3,016 66.46% 16 0.35% 1 0.02% -1,511 -33.30% 4,538
Gaines 2,265 62.81% 1,310 36.33% 28 0.78% 3 0.08% 955 26.48% 3,606
Galveston 34,913 47.15% 38,633 52.18% 431 0.58% 65 0.09% -3,720 -5.03% 74,042
Garza 1,183 54.02% 989 45.16% 17 0.78% 1 0.05% 194 8.86% 2,190
Gillespie 5,662 77.42% 1,588 21.71% 61 0.83% 2 0.03% 4,074 55.71% 7,313
Glasscock 384 72.73% 143 27.08% 1 0.19% 0 0.00% 241 45.65% 528
Goliad 1,427 51.11% 1,358 48.64% 7 0.25% 0 0.00% 69 2.47% 2,792
Gonzales 2,983 50.42% 2,897 48.97% 35 0.59% 1 0.02% 86 1.45% 5,916
Gray 7,259 74.22% 2,460 25.15% 55 0.56% 7 0.07% 4,799 49.07% 9,781
Grayson 18,825 56.55% 14,347 43.10% 97 0.29% 18 0.05% 4,478 13.45% 33,287
Gregg 26,465 67.19% 12,486 31.70% 416 1.06% 20 0.05% 13,979 35.49% 39,387
Grimes 2,820 50.52% 2,735 49.00% 23 0.41% 4 0.07% 85 1.52% 5,582
Guadalupe 13,265 64.37% 7,111 34.50% 0 0.00% 233 1.13% 6,154 29.87% 20,609
Hale 6,284 64.05% 3,502 35.69% 19 0.19% 6 0.06% 2,782 28.36% 9,811
Hall 714 40.96% 1,029 59.04% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% -315 -18.08% 1,743
Hamilton 1,718 55.67% 1,355 43.91% 12 0.39% 1 0.03% 363 11.76% 3,086
Hansford 1,967 81.25% 443 18.30% 11 0.45% 0 0.00% 1,524 62.95% 2,421
Hardeman 855 42.73% 1,143 57.12% 2 0.10% 1 0.05% -288 -14.39% 2,001
Hardin 6,897 45.46% 8,245 54.34% 28 0.18% 3 0.02% -1,348 -8.88% 15,173
Harris 464,217 57.02% 342,919 42.12% 5,205 0.64% 1,819 0.22% 121,298 14.90% 814,160
Harrison 11,957 56.18% 8,974 42.16% 335 1.57% 19 0.09% 2,983 14.02% 21,285
Hartley 1,229 70.35% 505 28.91% 11 0.63% 2 0.11% 724 41.44% 1,747
Haskell 1,193 40.93% 1,715 58.83% 5 0.17% 2 0.07% -522 -17.90% 2,915
Hays 11,716 50.36% 11,187 48.09% 330 1.42% 31 0.13% 529 2.27% 23,264
Hemphill 1,170 68.62% 527 30.91% 8 0.47% 0 0.00% 643 37.71% 1,705
Henderson 11,005 52.61% 9,819 46.94% 73 0.35% 21 0.10% 1,186 5.67% 20,918
Hidalgo 29,246 34.87% 54,330 64.78% 210 0.25% 84 0.10% -25,084 -29.91% 83,870
Hill 4,796 52.14% 4,381 47.63% 20 0.22% 1 0.01% 415 4.51% 9,198
Hockley 4,368 60.25% 2,850 39.31% 27 0.37% 5 0.07% 1,518 20.94% 7,250
Hood 7,400 63.16% 4,255 36.32% 55 0.47% 6 0.05% 3,145 26.84% 11,716
Hopkins 5,133 50.61% 4,984 49.14% 25 0.25% 0 0.00% 149 1.47% 10,142
Houston 3,882 50.00% 3,846 49.54% 30 0.39% 6 0.08% 36 0.46% 7,764
Howard 6,024 57.28% 4,445 42.26% 41 0.39% 7 0.07% 1,579 15.02% 10,517
Hudspeth 405 49.63% 406 49.75% 4 0.49% 1 0.12% -1 -0.12% 816
Hunt 12,331 58.06% 8,820 41.53% 79 0.37% 8 0.04% 3,511 16.53% 21,238
Hutchinson 7,526 71.50% 2,950 28.03% 43 0.41% 7 0.07% 4,576 43.47% 10,526
Irion 539 62.17% 326 37.60% 1 0.12% 1 0.12% 213 24.57% 867
Jack 1,542 50.16% 1,521 49.48% 11 0.36% 0 0.00% 21 0.68% 3,074
Jackson 2,954 57.75% 2,141 41.86% 18 0.35% 2 0.04% 813 15.89% 5,115
Jasper 4,985 42.87% 6,613 56.87% 28 0.24% 3 0.03% -1,628 -14.00% 11,629
Jeff Davis 524 60.23% 325 37.36% 19 2.18% 2 0.23% 199 22.87% 870
Jefferson 35,754 38.99% 55,649 60.69% 209 0.23% 81 0.09% -19,895 -21.70% 91,693
Jim Hogg 510 23.80% 1,630 76.06% 2 0.09% 1 0.05% -1,120 -52.26% 2,143
Jim Wells 4,335 33.64% 8,495 65.92% 42 0.33% 14 0.11% -4,160 -32.28% 12,886
Johnson 17,509 58.03% 12,507 41.45% 139 0.46% 16 0.05% 5,002 16.58% 30,171
Jones 3,000 50.71% 2,898 48.99% 17 0.29% 1 0.02% 102 1.72% 5,916
Karnes 2,383 48.31% 2,529 51.27% 18 0.36% 3 0.06% -146 -2.96% 4,933
Kaufman 8,466 53.19% 7,358 46.23% 72 0.45% 20 0.13% 1,108 6.96% 15,916
Kendall 4,875 76.20% 1,446 22.60% 75 1.17% 2 0.03% 3,429 53.60% 6,398
Kenedy 76 38.78% 119 60.71% 1 0.51% 0 0.00% -43 -21.93% 196
Kent 274 40.65% 398 59.05% 1 0.15% 1 0.15% -124 -18.40% 674
Kerr 11,207 75.03% 3,587 24.01% 139 0.93% 4 0.03% 7,620 51.02% 14,937
Kimble 1,061 65.62% 551 34.08% 4 0.25% 1 0.06% 510 31.54% 1,617
King 111 63.43% 64 36.57% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 47 26.86% 175
Kinney 771 53.17% 669 46.14% 8 0.55% 2 0.14% 102 7.03% 1,450
Kleberg 4,443 44.67% 5,367 53.96% 132 1.33% 4 0.04% -924 -9.29% 9,946
Knox 765 42.93% 1,013 56.85% 3 0.17% 1 0.06% -248 -13.92% 1,782
Lamar 8,021 51.42% 7,553 48.42% 21 0.13% 3 0.02% 468 3.00% 15,598
Lamb 3,064 57.64% 2,230 41.95% 17 0.32% 5 0.09% 834 15.69% 5,316
Lampasas 3,000 60.41% 1,954 39.35% 6 0.12% 6 0.12% 1,046 21.06% 4,966
La Salle 693 29.46% 1,651 70.20% 6 0.26% 2 0.09% -958 -40.74% 2,352
Lavaca 4,377 54.97% 3,531 44.35% 52 0.65% 2 0.03% 846 10.62% 7,962
Lee 2,513 49.60% 2,527 49.87% 23 0.45% 4 0.08% -14 -0.27% 5,067
Leon 2,778 54.31% 2,316 45.28% 21 0.41% 0 0.00% 462 9.03% 5,115
Liberty 8,524 50.22% 8,343 49.15% 95 0.56% 11 0.06% 181 1.07% 16,973
Limestone 3,257 48.16% 3,476 51.40% 28 0.41% 2 0.03% -219 -3.24% 6,763
Lipscomb 1,111 74.12% 377 25.15% 10 0.67% 1 0.07% 734 48.97% 1,499
Live Oak 2,277 58.69% 1,573 40.54% 29 0.75% 1 0.03% 704 18.15% 3,880
Llano 3,550 57.24% 2,629 42.39% 21 0.34% 2 0.03% 921 14.85% 6,202
Loving 54 70.13% 23 29.87% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 31 40.26% 77
Lubbock 50,760 69.26% 22,202 30.29% 269 0.37% 61 0.08% 28,558 38.97% 73,292
Lynn 1,279 54.03% 1,086 45.88% 2 0.08% 0 0.00% 193 8.15% 2,367
Madison 1,896 50.60% 1,835 48.97% 16 0.43% 0 0.00% 61 1.63% 3,747
Marion 1,857 44.97% 2,255 54.61% 16 0.39% 1 0.02% -398 -9.64% 4,129
Martin 1,017 61.60% 632 38.28% 2 0.12% 0 0.00% 385 23.32% 1,651
Mason 975 58.91% 671 40.54% 9 0.54% 0 0.00% 304 18.37% 1,655
Matagorda 6,787 54.01% 5,675 45.16% 92 0.73% 12 0.10% 1,112 8.85% 12,566
Maverick 1,592 26.52% 4,395 73.21% 10 0.17% 6 0.10% -2,803 -46.69% 6,003
McCulloch 1,618 49.13% 1,665 50.56% 10 0.30% 0 0.00% -47 -1.43% 3,293
McLennan 38,606 58.12% 27,545 41.47% 220 0.33% 52 0.08% 11,061 16.65% 66,423
McMullen 302 75.88% 94 23.62% 2 0.50% 0 0.00% 208 52.26% 398
Medina 5,722 57.05% 4,227 42.15% 75 0.75% 5 0.05% 1,495 14.90% 10,029
Menard 552 47.14% 614 52.43% 5 0.43% 0 0.00% -62 -5.29% 1,171
Midland 30,618 77.86% 8,487 21.58% 209 0.53% 12 0.03% 22,131 56.28% 39,326
Milam 3,512 41.83% 4,865 57.94% 17 0.20% 2 0.02% -1,353 -16.11% 8,396
Mills 1,043 55.24% 842 44.60% 3 0.16% 0 0.00% 201 10.64% 1,888
Mitchell 1,596 47.27% 1,773 52.52% 2 0.06% 5 0.15% -177 -5.25% 3,376
Montague 3,475 48.36% 3,689 51.34% 19 0.26% 3 0.04% -214 -2.98% 7,186
Montgomery 40,360 68.24% 18,394 31.10% 354 0.60% 38 0.06% 21,966 37.14% 59,146
Moore 3,710 70.25% 1,537 29.10% 21 0.40% 13 0.25% 2,173 41.15% 5,281
Morris 2,104 37.37% 3,522 62.56% 3 0.05% 1 0.02% -1,418 -25.19% 5,630
Motley 429 61.99% 262 37.86% 1 0.14% 0 0.00% 167 24.13% 692
Nacogdoches 11,767 62.32% 6,886 36.47% 211 1.12% 19 0.10% 4,881 25.85% 18,883
Navarro 6,445 48.71% 6,749 51.01% 34 0.26% 4 0.03% -304 -2.30% 13,232
Newton 1,659 31.25% 3,640 68.56% 6 0.11% 4 0.08% -1,981 -37.31% 5,309
Nolan 2,734 48.74% 2,853 50.86% 19 0.34% 3 0.05% -119 -2.12% 5,609
Nueces 46,337 48.30% 49,209 51.30% 293 0.31% 93 0.10% -2,872 -3.00% 95,932
Ochiltree 2,928 83.25% 579 16.46% 8 0.23% 2 0.06% 2,349 66.79% 3,517
Oldham 691 68.82% 303 30.18% 9 0.90% 1 0.10% 388 38.64% 1,004
Orange 11,959 39.99% 17,834 59.63% 100 0.33% 15 0.05% -5,875 -19.64% 29,908
Palo Pinto 4,649 53.85% 3,930 45.52% 47 0.54% 8 0.09% 719 8.33% 8,634
Panola 4,642 52.87% 4,123 46.96% 13 0.15% 2 0.02% 519 5.91% 8,780
Parker 14,090 62.01% 8,517 37.48% 103 0.45% 13 0.06% 5,573 24.53% 22,723
Parmer 2,061 72.60% 764 26.91% 12 0.42% 2 0.07% 1,297 45.69% 2,839
Pecos 2,483 55.67% 1,960 43.95% 13 0.29% 4 0.09% 523 11.72% 4,460
Polk 5,831 48.88% 5,943 49.82% 145 1.22% 10 0.08% -112 -0.94% 11,929
Potter 16,400 62.76% 9,563 36.60% 147 0.56% 21 0.08% 6,837 26.16% 26,131
Presidio 586 33.09% 1,176 66.40% 7 0.40% 2 0.11% -590 -33.31% 1,771
Rains 1,281 46.82% 1,448 52.92% 4 0.15% 3 0.11% -167 -6.10% 2,736
Randall 27,986 76.33% 8,492 23.16% 173 0.47% 15 0.04% 19,494 53.17% 36,666
Reagan 935 69.00% 418 30.85% 2 0.15% 0 0.00% 517 38.15% 1,355
Real 795 61.58% 483 37.41% 11 0.85% 2 0.15% 312 24.17% 1,291
Red River 2,475 43.79% 3,165 56.00% 11 0.19% 1 0.02% -690 -12.21% 5,652
Reeves 1,724 37.86% 2,812 61.75% 9 0.20% 9 0.20% -1,088 -23.89% 4,554
Refugio 1,883 50.56% 1,831 49.17% 8 0.21% 2 0.05% 52 1.39% 3,724
Roberts 441 75.90% 135 23.24% 5 0.86% 0 0.00% 306 52.66% 581
Robertson 2,184 37.45% 3,630 62.24% 16 0.27% 2 0.03% -1,446 -24.79% 5,832
Rockwall 7,214 72.58% 2,659 26.75% 60 0.60% 6 0.06% 4,555 45.83% 9,939
Runnels 2,417 58.28% 1,720 41.48% 9 0.22% 1 0.02% 697 16.80% 4,147
Rusk 9,117 63.70% 5,140 35.91% 49 0.34% 7 0.05% 3,977 27.79% 14,313
Sabine 1,925 48.28% 2,053 51.49% 9 0.23% 0 0.00% -128 -3.21% 3,987
San Augustine 1,946 47.65% 2,118 51.86% 9 0.22% 11 0.27% -172 -4.21% 4,084
San Jacinto 2,691 47.31% 2,972 52.25% 25 0.44% 0 0.00% -281 -4.94% 5,688
San Patricio 9,159 47.07% 9,920 50.98% 355 1.82% 24 0.12% -761 -3.91% 19,458
San Saba 1,099 48.27% 1,165 51.16% 12 0.53% 1 0.04% -66 -2.89% 2,277
Schleicher 653 56.44% 494 42.70% 7 0.61% 3 0.26% 159 13.74% 1,157
Scurry 3,749 63.61% 2,119 35.95% 24 0.41% 2 0.03% 1,630 27.66% 5,894
Shackelford 865 55.66% 681 43.82% 8 0.51% 0 0.00% 184 11.84% 1,554
Shelby 3,999 48.34% 4,261 51.50% 12 0.15% 1 0.01% -262 -3.16% 8,273
Sherman 1,145 76.38% 340 22.68% 12 0.80% 2 0.13% 805 53.70% 1,499
Smith 34,658 64.67% 18,719 34.93% 184 0.34% 31 0.06% 15,939 29.74% 53,592
Somervell 1,304 56.79% 983 42.81% 9 0.39% 0 0.00% 321 13.98% 2,296
Starr 1,218 14.83% 6,958 84.74% 30 0.37% 5 0.06% -5,740 -69.91% 8,211
Stephens 2,342 60.45% 1,519 39.21% 12 0.31% 1 0.03% 823 21.24% 3,874
Sterling 464 70.73% 188 28.66% 3 0.46% 1 0.15% 276 42.07% 656
Stonewall 421 36.70% 724 63.12% 1 0.09% 1 0.09% -303 -26.42% 1,147
Sutton 996 63.44% 571 36.37% 2 0.13% 1 0.06% 425 27.07% 1,570
Swisher 1,271 39.98% 1,893 59.55% 15 0.47% 0 0.00% -622 -19.57% 3,179
Tarrant 242,660 61.24% 151,310 38.19% 1,797 0.45% 470 0.12% 91,350 23.05% 396,237
Taylor 28,563 67.97% 13,073 31.11% 357 0.85% 31 0.07% 15,490 36.86% 42,024
Terrell 296 42.96% 390 56.60% 2 0.29% 1 0.15% -94 -13.64% 689
Terry 2,645 57.50% 1,941 42.20% 13 0.28% 1 0.02% 704 15.30% 4,600
Throckmorton 455 45.59% 534 53.51% 8 0.80% 1 0.10% -79 -7.92% 998
Titus 4,247 49.27% 4,357 50.55% 15 0.17% 1 0.01% -110 -1.28% 8,620
Tom Green 21,463 63.10% 12,283 36.11% 229 0.67% 37 0.11% 9,180 26.99% 34,012
Travis 105,915 44.86% 127,783 54.13% 1,777 0.75% 609 0.26% -21,868 -9.27% 236,084
Trinity 2,448 47.65% 2,657 51.72% 30 0.58% 2 0.04% -209 -4.07% 5,137
Tyler 3,070 42.10% 4,198 57.57% 23 0.32% 1 0.01% -1,128 -15.47% 7,292
Upshur 5,991 53.18% 5,242 46.53% 30 0.27% 2 0.02% 749 6.65% 11,265
Upton 1,189 68.33% 544 31.26% 4 0.23% 3 0.17% 645 37.07% 1,740
Uvalde 4,266 53.32% 3,684 46.04% 44 0.55% 7 0.09% 582 7.28% 8,001
Val Verde 5,109 50.03% 5,044 49.40% 50 0.49% 8 0.08% 65 0.63% 10,211
Van Zandt 7,371 54.36% 6,153 45.38% 33 0.24% 2 0.01% 1,218 8.98% 13,559
Victoria 15,056 62.08% 8,923 36.79% 247 1.02% 27 0.11% 6,133 25.29% 24,253
Walker 8,473 58.88% 5,826 40.48% 82 0.57% 10 0.07% 2,647 18.40% 14,391
Waller 3,607 47.31% 3,957 51.90% 50 0.66% 10 0.13% -350 -4.59% 7,624
Ward 2,709 59.02% 1,858 40.48% 19 0.41% 4 0.09% 851 18.54% 4,590
Washington 6,041 66.85% 2,960 32.75% 31 0.34% 5 0.06% 3,081 34.10% 9,037
Webb 7,528 31.59% 16,227 68.09% 43 0.18% 34 0.14% -8,699 -36.50% 23,832
Wharton 6,978 53.71% 5,935 45.69% 65 0.50% 13 0.10% 1,043 8.02% 12,991
Wheeler 1,703 61.33% 1,067 38.42% 7 0.25% 0 0.00% 636 22.91% 2,777
Wichita 23,324 56.08% 17,956 43.17% 262 0.63% 48 0.12% 5,368 12.91% 41,590
Wilbarger 2,669 54.15% 2,248 45.61% 12 0.24% 0 0.00% 421 8.54% 4,929
Willacy 1,750 35.43% 3,165 64.07% 21 0.43% 4 0.08% -1,415 -28.64% 4,940
Williamson 27,322 57.85% 19,589 41.48% 267 0.57% 52 0.11% 7,733 16.37% 47,230
Wilson 4,436 52.65% 3,953 46.92% 32 0.38% 4 0.05% 483 5.73% 8,425
Winkler 1,656 63.42% 947 36.27% 7 0.27% 1 0.04% 709 27.15% 2,611
Wise 6,064 53.22% 5,288 46.41% 38 0.33% 5 0.04% 776 6.81% 11,395
Wood 6,216 54.69% 4,553 40.06% 33 0.29% 564 4.96% 1,663 14.63% 11,366
Yoakum 1,762 70.28% 727 29.00% 16 0.64% 2 0.08% 1,035 41.28% 2,507
Young 4,156 57.78% 3,007 41.80% 28 0.39% 2 0.03% 1,149 15.98% 7,193
Zapata 958 30.56% 2,171 69.25% 5 0.16% 1 0.03% -1,213 -38.69% 3,135
Zavala 628 15.81% 3,338 84.02% 7 0.18% 0 0.00% -2,710 -68.21% 3,973
Totals 3,036,829 55.95% 2,352,748 43.35% 30,355 0.56% 7,478 0.14% 684,081 12.60% 5,427,410

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

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[15][16]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The figure given in Dave Leip’s U.S. Election Atlas is 30,355, but this figure is the sum of all the county votes for Paul.[14]
  2. ^ a b Some of these votes may not have been included by county.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Turnout and Voter Registration Figures (1970-current)".
  2. ^ Sentinel, Walter Manley II, Special to The. "NATION'S FATE RESTS WITH 7 STATES THE VOTE OF THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE IS THE ONLY ONE THAT COUNTS". OrlandoSentinel.com. Retrieved January 17, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 222.
  4. ^ Black & Black 1992, p. 266.
  5. ^ Black & Black 1992, p. 263.
  6. ^ Black & Black 1992, p. 288.
  7. ^ Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 221.
  8. ^ Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 232.
  9. ^ a b Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 223.
  10. ^ Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 225-226.
  11. ^ Black & Black 1992, p. 295.
  12. ^ Black & Black 1992, p. 335.
  13. ^ Sullivan, Robert David; ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016
  14. ^ a b Our Campaigns; TX US President Race, November 08, 1988
  15. ^ "1984 Presidential General Election Results - Texas". Dave Leip's election atlas.
  16. ^ "1988 Presidential General Election Results - Texas". Dave Leip's election atlas.

Works cited

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Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 | Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas
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