1991 SEA Games

16th Southeast Asian Games
Host city	Manila, Philippines
Motto	"Nine Nations, Under an Asian Sun"
Nations	9
Events	28 sports
Opening	24 November 1991
Closing	5 December 1991
Opened by	Corazon Aquino; President of the Philippines
Torch lighter	Carlos Loyzaga; Lydia de Vega; Gerard Cantada
Ceremony venue	Rizal Memorial Stadium
	← Kuala Lumpur 1989 Singapore 1993 →

The 1991 Southeast Asian Games, officially known as the 16th Southeast Asian Games, was a multi-sport event held in Manila, the Philippines from 24 November to 5 December 1991, with 28 sports featured in the games. This was the second time that the country hosted the games and its first since 1981. It was officially opened by President Corazon Aquino at the Rizal Memorial Stadium in Manila through a colorful opening ceremony. It was the only SEA Games at that time where the overall championship was heavily contested. The deciding medal came from the last sporting event - women's marathon where Indonesia got the gold medal.^[1]^[2]

Four sports (archery, canoeing, sailing, and triathlon) were held in venues in Subic Bay.^[3]

Fourteen years after the 1991 SEA Games, the country hosted the 2005 SEA Games. Another 14 years later, the Philippines hosted the 2019 SEA Games, which is the first that the event took place in the whole country.

The logo of 1991 Southeast Asian Games was designed by Ernesto A. Calaguas. The mascot for the Games is a colorful fowl called Kiko Labuyo.^[4]

The games

Participating nations

Sports

Medal table

^[5]

Key

* Host nation (Philippines)


Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Indonesia (INA)	92	87	67	246
2	Philippines (PHI)*	91	62	86	239
3	Thailand (THA)	72	80	69	221
4	Malaysia (MAS)	36	38	66	140
5	Singapore (SIN)	18	32	45	95
6	Myanmar (MYA)	12	16	29	57
7	Vietnam (VIE)	7	12	10	29
8	Brunei (BRU)	0	0	8	8
9	Laos (LAO)	0	0	0	0
Totals (9 entries)		328	327	380	1,035

Concerns and controversies

Reduction of gold medals

The Philippines should have tallied a total of 91 gold medals, but one of the gold medals from boxing was proclaimed unofficial. The said gold medal should have been fought by a Filipino boxer against a Thai boxer, but the latter was found positive in the doping tests. The gold medal was, at first, given to the Philippines, but after a few days, the SEAG Organizing Committee declared that there will be no gold and silver medalists for the said event in boxing because there was no battle fought.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Philippine Daily Inquirer December 1992 University of the Philippines Main Library: Microfilm Section
^ Percy Seneviratne (1993) Golden Moments: the S.E.A Games 1959-1991 Dominie Press, Singapore ISBN 981-00-4597-2
^ Empeño, Henry (5 July 2019). "SBMA sets P133.5-million upgrade of Subic SEA Games venues". BusinessMirror. Archived from the original on 5 July 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
^ Castro, Glenda Marie (26 November 2019). "TIMELINE: Philippines as host country in previous SEA Games". Rappler. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
^ "1991 Southeast Asian Games medal table". Olympic Council of Asia. Archived from the original on 28 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.

External links

History of the SEA Games
"1991 Southeast Asian Games medal table". Olympic Council of Asia. Archived from the original on 28 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.

Preceded by Kuala Lumpur	Southeast Asian Games Manila XVI Southeast Asian Games (1991)	Succeeded by Singapore

This SEA Games-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] Philippine Daily Inquirer December 1992 University of the Philippines Main Library: Microfilm Section

[2] Percy Seneviratne (1993) Golden Moments: the S.E.A Games 1959-1991 Dominie Press, Singapore ISBN 981-00-4597-2

[sbma-3] Empeño, Henry (5 July 2019). "SBMA sets P133.5-million upgrade of Subic SEA Games venues". BusinessMirror. Archived from the original on 5 July 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2019.

[4] Castro, Glenda Marie (26 November 2019). "TIMELINE: Philippines as host country in previous SEA Games". Rappler. Retrieved 31 May 2023.

[5] "1991 Southeast Asian Games medal table". Olympic Council of Asia. Archived from the original on 28 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

v t e SEA Games¹
Host cities Mascots Medalists Sports
Games	1959 Bangkok 1961 Yangon 1963 Phnom Penh² 1965 Kuala Lumpur 1967 Bangkok 1969 Yangon 1971 Kuala Lumpur 1973 Singapore 1975 Bangkok 1977 Kuala Lumpur 1979 Jakarta 1981 Manila 1983 Singapore 1985 Bangkok 1987 Jakarta 1989 Kuala Lumpur 1991 Manila 1993 Singapore 1995 Chiang Mai 1997 Jakarta 1999 Bandar Seri Begawan 2001 Kuala Lumpur 2003 Hanoi–Ho Chi Minh City 2005 Manila 2007 Nakhon Ratchasima 2009 Vientiane 2011 Jakarta–Palembang 2013 Naypyidaw 2015 Singapore 2017 Kuala Lumpur 2019 Philippines 2021 Vietnam³ 2023 Cambodia 2025 Thailand
¹ Formerly known as Southeast Asian Peninsular Games from 1959 until 1975. ² Cancelled due to hosting issues and due to the Vietnam War. ³ Postponed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. ASEAN Para Games