1998 in paleontology
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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1998.
Flora
[edit]Lycophytes
[edit]Lycophyte research
[edit]- Wehr (1998) reports, without description, Selaginella species spikemoss fossils occurring in the Eocene Okanagan Highlands Klondike Mountain Formation.[2]
Angiosperms
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Manchester & Chen |
A betulaceous fruit |
Fungi
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen et sp nov |
valid |
Currah, Stockey, & LePage |
A hyperparasitic pleosporalean fungus of uncertain family affinity. |
|||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
valid |
Currah, Stockey, & LePage |
A parasitic phyllachoralean fungus of uncertain family affinity. |
Fungal research
[edit]- Currah, Stockey, & LePage (1998) describe the a phyllachoralean "tar spot" parasitizing Uhlia palm leaves, and host for a hyperparasitic pleosporalean fungus. They note them to be one of the first occurrences of hyperparasitic relationships in the fossil record.[4]
Arthropods
[edit]Newly named crustaceans
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen nov |
Valid |
Hof |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
A mantis shrimp, type species is U. yehoachi (originally named as Eryon yehoachi in 1955). | ||||
|
Sp nov |
Jr synonym |
Jenner, Hof & Schram |
A mantis shrimp, moved to the genus Daidal (2007)[7] |
Newly named insects
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
De Andrade |
 | |||||
|
Comb nov. |
valid |
(Lin) Andersen |
A water strider |
|||||
|
Sp nov. |
valid |
Deuve |
A ground beetle |
 | ||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
De Andrade |
 | |||||
|
Gen et sp nov. |
valid |
Andersen |
A macroveliid water strider |
|||||
|
Gen et sp nov. |
valid |
Andersen |
A riffle bug |
|||||
|
Sp nov. |
valid |
Andersen |
||||||
|
Gen et sp nov. |
valid |
Deuve |
A ground beetle |
 | ||||
|
Sp nov. |
valid |
Andersen |
||||||
|
Gen et 3 sp nov. |
valid |
Andersen |
A water strider |
|||||
|
Gen et sp nov. |
valid |
Andersen |
A limnobatodine water strider |
|||||
|
Comb nov. |
valid |
(Handlirsch) Andersen |
A water strider |
Brachiopods
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp nov |
valid |
Herrera, Salas & Giolitti |
A species of Iridistrophia |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
valid |
Herrera, Salas & Giolitti |
A species of Iridistrophia |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
valid |
Herrera, Salas & Giolitti |
A species of Iridistrophia |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
valid |
Herrera, Salas & Giolitti |
A species of Iridistrophia |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
valid |
Herrera, Salas & Giolitti |
A species of Eoschuchertella |
Molluscs
[edit]Bivalves
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
sp nov |
Valid |
Geyer & Streng |
Early Cambrian Fordillidae bivalve |
Echinoderms
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alkaidia[14] |
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Blake & Reid |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A starfish, type species is A. sumralli. |
|||
| Altairia[14] |
Gen et comb nov |
Valid |
Blake & Reid |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A starfish, type species is A. wintoni, originally named as Comptonia wintoni in 1920. |
|||
| Betelgeusia[14] |
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Blake & Reid |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A starfish, type species is B. reidi. |
|||
| Capellia[14] |
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Blake & Reid |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A starfish, type species is C. mauricei. |
|||
| Crateraster texensis[14] |
Comb nov |
Valid |
Blake & Reid |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A starfish, originally named as Pentagonaster texensis in 1920. |
|||
| Denebia[14] |
Gen et comb nov |
Valid |
Blake & Reid |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A starfish, type species is D. americana, originally named as Pentaceros americanus in 1920. |
|||
| Fomalhautia[14] |
Gen et comb nov |
Valid |
Blake & Reid |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A starfish, type species is F. hortensae, originally named as Metopaster hortensae in 1920. |
Amphibians
[edit]newly named anurans
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Henrici |
A possible Rhinophrynidae frog |
Archosauromorpha
[edit]Dinosaurs
[edit]- A paper in the journal Nature is published by Karen Chin and others announcing the earlier discovery of a "king-sized coprolite" attributed to Tyrannosaurus rex.
- Lourinhasaurus gastroliths documented.[16]
- Cedarosaurus gastroliths documented.[17]
- Caudipteryx gastroliths documented.[18]
- Volunteers from the Denver Museum of Natural History discovered Tony's Bone Bed in the Cedar Mountain Formation's Poison Strip Member.[19]
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[20]
| Name | Status | Authors | Location | Notes | Images | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Altirhinus[21] | Valid taxon |
             | ||||
| ''Augustia'' |
Preoccupied |
|
||||
| Camposaurus[22] | Valid taxon |
|
||||
| Caseosaurus[22] | Valid taxon |
|
|
|||
| Caudipteryx[23] | Valid taxon |
|
|
|||
| Cristatusaurus[24] | Valid taxon | |||||
| Eobrontosaurus[25] | Valid taxon. Now Synonym of Brontosaurus | |||||
| Eolambia[26] | Valid taxon | |||||
| Gargoyleosaurus[27] | Valid taxon |
|
|
|||
| Gastonia[28] | Valid taxon | |||||
| Gongxianosaurus[29] | Valid taxon |
|
|
|||
| Histriasaurus[30] | Valid taxon |
|
||||
| Lourinhanosaurus[31] | Valid taxon |
|
||||
| Lourinhasaurus[32] | Valid taxon |
|
|
|||
| Megaraptor[33] | Valid taxon |
|
||||
| Nedcolbertia[34] | Valid taxon |
|
|
|||
| Notohypsilophodon[35] | Valid taxon |
|
||||
| Ozraptor[36] | Valid taxon |
|
||||
| Protohadros[37] | Valid taxon |
|
||||
| ''Rahona''[38] | Preoccupied |
|
|
|||
| Rahonavis[39] | Valid taxon |
|
|
|||
| Scipionyx[40] | Valid taxon |
|
|
|||
| Shanxia[41] | Valid taxon |
|
|
|||
| Shuvuuia[42] | Valid taxon |
|
||||
| Sonorasaurus[43] | Valid taxon |
|
|
|||
| Suchomimus | Valid taxon | An African spinosaurs | Sereno et al. 1998 | |||
| Tianzhenosaurus[44] | Valid taxon |
|
|
|||
| Variraptor[45] | Valid taxon |
|
|
|||
| Zuniceratops[46] | Valid taxon |
|
|
|||
Newly named birds
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid ? |
Late Pliocene |
MN 17 |
A Scolopacidae?, the holotypical tarsometatarsus looks more like a Charadriidae. |
||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pliocene |
Late Blancan |
|
A Cathartidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Pliocene |
Late-Early Irvingtonian |
|
An Anhingidae. |
|||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Miocene |
MN 2-3 |
A Gruidae, transferred to the genus Balearica by Mourer-Chauviré in 2001,[51] this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pleistocene |
Cave Deposits |
An Accipitridae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Miocene |
MN 11-12 |
An Accipitridae. |
||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle-Late Pliocene |
An Anatidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pliocene |
A Fringillidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pliocene |
A Fringillidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Middle Miocene |
A Struthionidae, eggshells. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian, |
An Ornithothoraces, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Miocene |
A Gaviidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pliocene, |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pliocene |
|
A Strigidae. |
||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
A Piciformes, Gracilitarsidae G. Mayr, 2001, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
An Apodiformes, ?Archaeotrogonidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1980, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Miocene |
A Strigidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
A Coliidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
An Upupiformes, Laurillardiidae Harrison, 1979. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
An Upupiformes, Laurillardiidae Harrison, 1979, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Miocene |
A Strigidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Miocene |
A Miopiconidae G. Mayr, 1998, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A Phoenicopteriformes, Palaelodidae Stejneger, 1885. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A Phoenicopteriformes, Palaelodidae Stejneger, 1885. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971, not surely a Primozygodactylus. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
A Halcyornithidae Harrison et Walker, 1972. The genus Pseudastur is preoccupied and replaced by Pseudasturides Mayr, 2004, this is the type species of both genera.[66] |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
ppMichael Daniels |
Middle Eocene |
A stem Psittaciformes, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
An Alcediniformes Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Miocene |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pliocene |
|
A Scolopacidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Miocene |
A Struthionidae, eggshells. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Pliocene |
A Phasianidae. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Miocene |
A Psittacidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
Pterosaurs
[edit]New taxa
[edit]
|
| ||||||||||||||||||
References
[edit]
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- ^ Wehr, W. "Middle Eocene insects and plants of the Okanogan Highlands". In Martin, J. (ed.). Contributions to the Paleontology and Geology of the West Coast. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press. pp. 99–109.
- ^ Akhmet'ev, M.A.; Golovneva, L.B. (1998). "New data on composition and age of Malomikhailovka flora from the Upper Cretaceous of the Amur River lower courses". Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation. 6 (3): 249–261.
- ^ a b c Currah, R.S.; Stockey, R.A.; LePage, B.A. (1998). "An Eocene tar spot on a fossil palm and its fungal hyperparasite". Mycologia. 90 (4): 667–673. doi:10.1080/00275514.1998.12026955.
- ^ Hof, Cees H.J. (1998). "Late Cretaceous stomatopods (Crustacea, Malacostraca) from Israel and Jordan". Contributions to Zoology. 67 (4): 257–266. doi:10.1163/18759866-06704003. ISSN 1383-4517.
- ^ Jenner, Ronald A.; Hof, Cees H. J.; Schram, Frederick R. (1998). "Palaeo- and archaeostomatopods (Hoplocarida, Crustacea) from the Bear Gulch Limestone, Mississippian (Namurian), of central Montana". Contributions to Zoology. 67 (3): 155. ISSN 1383-4517.
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- ^ Kirkland, J.I. 1998. A new hadrosaurid from the Upper Cedar Mountain Formation (Albian- Cenomanian: Cretaceous) of Eastern Utah - the oldest known hadrosaurid (Lambeosaurine?). Pp. 283-295 in: Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems (S.G. Lucas, J.I. Kirkland, and J.W. Estep, eds.). New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 14.
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- ^ Long, J.A. and R.E. Molnar. 1998. A new Jurassic theropod dinosaur from Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum. 19: pp. 121-129.
- ^ Head, J.J. 1998. A new species of basal hadrosaurid (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Cenomanian of Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18 (4):pp. 718-738.
- ^ Forster, C.A., S.D. Sampson, L.M. Chiappe, and D.W. Krause. 1998. The theropod ancestry of birds: new evidence from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Science. 279: pp. 1915-1919.
- ^ Forster, C.A., S.D. Sampson, L.M. Chiappe, and D.W. Krause. 1998. The theropod ancestry of birds: new evidence from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Science. 279: pp. 1915-1919.
- ^ Dal Sasso C. and M. Signore. 1998. Scipionyx samniticus (Saurischia, Theropoda): the first Italian dinosaur. Third European Workshop on Vertebrate Paleontology (abstract): p. 23.
- ^ Barrett, P. M., Y. Hailu, R. Upchurch, and A.C. Burton. 1998. A new ankylosaurian Dinosaur (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 18 (2): pp. 376-384.
- ^ Chiappe, L.P., M.A. Norell, and J.M. Clark. 1998. The skull of a relative of the stem-group bird Mononykus. Nature. 392: pp. 275-278.
- ^ Ratkevich, R and R. Scarborough. 1998. New Cretaceous brachiosaurid dinosaur, Sonorasaurus thompsoni, gen. et. sp. nov, from Arizona. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 31 (1): pp. 71-81.
- ^ Pang, Q., and Z. Cheng. 1998. A new ankylosaur of Late Cretaceous from Tianzhen, Shaxi. Progress in Natural Science 8 (3): pp. 326-334.
- ^ Le Loeuff, J., and E. Buffetaut. 1998. A new dromaeosaurid theropod from the Upper Cretaceous of Southern France. Oryctos 1: pp. 105-112.
- ^ Wolfe, D.G., and J.I. Kirkland J I. 1998. Zuniceratops christopheri n. gen. & n. sp., a ceratopsian dinosaur from the Moreno Hill Formation (Cretaceous, Turonian) of West-Central New Mexico. In: Lower and Middle Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems (S.G. Lucas, J.I. Kirkland, and J.W. Estep, eds.). New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 14: pp. 303- 317.
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